Chloroacetic acid: Ukulungiselela nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali

Chloroacetic acid acetic acid, lapho omunye athomu ye-hydrogen eqenjini methyl Ikhutjhwe yi free chlorine athomu. It is okulungiselelwe ukusabela acetic acid chlorine.

The main impahla eluhlaza for the ukulungiselela acetic acid. Chloroacetic acid kungabuye etholwe hydrolysis ka trichlorethylene.

Hydrolysis komkhiqizo okumsulwa amakhemikhali atholakala. Nokho, le ndlela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa okumsulwa amanzi distilled kungekho amanyela.

Chloroacetic acid isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba udayi, izidakamizwa, amavithamini wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane ahlukahlukene. Iphinde isetshenziselwe njengoba compounds ebusweni-asebenzayo (surfactants).

Chlorination ka acetic acid e medium yelikhono wezinto ezingaphili (okungukuthi anhydride acetic, nesibabule ne phosphorus) etholwe chloroacetic acid, ogama ifomula CH ₂ Cl-COOH:

CH ₃ -COOH + Cl ₂ ↑ → => CH ₂ Cl-COOH + HCl.

izakhiwo

Chloroacetic acid hygroscopic, crystal esobala kokuba iphuzu ukuncibilika 61,2 ° C futhi abilayo 189,5 ° C. Ingqikithi okubonakala kalula encibilikayo (njengoba ngotshwala noma i osebenzelana aqueous, kanye acetone, benzene, futhi carbon tetrachloride).

Monochloroacetic acid - ikhemikhali enobuthi futhi iyingozi kakhulu uma udle okuyinto sivame ukubona ukufa. Ngemva contact abanesikhumba chloroacetic acid kubangela ukusha ukuthi musa ukuphulukisa okwesikhathi eside.

Inhalation acid umusi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni izinguquko ukuvuvukala emaphashini, njengoba kule engenhla nengezansi ipheshana zokuphefumula kanye.

Ukusebenza izitshalo zezimboni ukwenziwa monochloroacetic acid ahlupheke ukuhlukumeza zokuhogela rhinopharyngitis okungamahlalakhona, uyaxebuka koma kwesikhumba.

izilonda Futhi ngesikhathi ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nge izinto nolaka kuyagcinwa we epidermis isikhumba, uzwakalise dermatitis emachosheni ubuso, intamo, engenhla nengezansi, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile - the esifubeni.

Chloroacetic acid emzimbeni womuntu iguqulwe ibe acid tiodiuksusnuyu, okuyinto excreted endleni yabantu abanaleli kanye nomchamo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko babeqaphile ukusetshenziswa:

- akuvumelekile ukuphefumula evala, igesi, intuthu, nothuli;

- njalo zisebenzise izembatho zokuzivikela lapho enza umsebenzi elihlobene ne singalokothi sithintane no-acid (ovaloli eliqinile, amagogolo ukuphepha, amabhuzu enjoloba futhi amagilavu);

- endabeni ephefumula noma ukuthintana nge-acid esikhumbeni kufanele ngokushesha funani bezokwelapha abanekhono kuleli isikhungo sokwelapha eliseduze.

Ubuningi ovumelekile lokuhlushwa kwakuthiwa okuphephile chloroacetic acid egumbini ukukhiqizwa emoyeni imayelana eyodwa mg / m ^3.

Uma ezokuthutha acid, it is zahlanganiswa ngo esitsheni polymeric (isitsha noma emgqonyeni), fibre izigubhu kanye iziqukathi steel. Kungenziwa uthuthwa iyiphi indlela yokuthutha simboziwe.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi monochloroacetic acid oluvuthayo kanye alufakwa. Le into kuyinto oluvuthayo kakhulu.