Streptococcus - kuyini? izinhlobo streptococci

Abaningi baye bezwa mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu igciwane streptococcal , ngisho nalo babhekana. Kodwa bambalwa abantu besicabanga ukuthi strep, kuyini na? Kodwa ulwazi izici zokuphila futhi umsebenzi isitha - kube nenxenye ukunqoba. Streptococci isayensi yamagciwane. Kuyo, njengoba kwenye insimu yolwazi, eziningi magama eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyindida. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ulimi kufinyeleleke ukukhuluma ngalokho kuba Streptococcus esiyingozi okungukuthi kungaba futhi ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ubhekane naso futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izici Kwenziwa.

'Esimweni' we amagciwane

Abantu nsuku zonke futhi zonke mzuzu sibhekene izinkulungwane ezincane, okungase kubhekwe kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Ummeleli elivelele laleli sixuku ezidala kanye streptococcus. Ayini amandla layo, mhlawumbe, ubani? Hlobo luni izidalwa ukukuthwala? Ake uqale kusukela ekuqaleni.

Streptococci - amabhaktheriya esifo benesimo ubuhlalu ezincane engaba kuze kufinyelele 0.5 um. Ball - olulodwa iseli bacterium wonke umzimba. Bamba streptococci amabhangqa amabili, noma ngamaqembu, axhunyiwe ngo neketanga. Basuke ngokuphelele fixed ngoba awunawo cilia noma imisila, noma flagella. Move kuphela ngokungenela ngaphandle, isib, ukukhwehlela ne ukugeleza komoya. Uma kule ndawo entsha, ama-bacterium streptococcus cishe ngokushesha uqala ukwanda. It Lokhu elula cell division. Isakhiwo amaseli ayo kangangokuthi ungakheka okuthiwa L-fomu (m. E. Cishe ngaphandle cell udonga). Lena impahla olukhohlisayo kubangela permeability ningukukhanya lwegciwane ngokusebenzisa lemifanekiso amagciwane kucikelela aphansi kakhulu izidakamizwa. Ukuze kangcono "ngijwayele" nge ummeleli jikelele microorganism like Streptococcus (kuyini, esixoxe kakade), thina uhlu izici zayo ngokomzimba. Ngakho lezi izimuncagazi yilezi:

- anaerobic (.. Okungukuthi ikhiphe kahle oxygen);

- igremu (leli gama libhekisela hhayi isisindo, kanye Umbala-bacterium-indlela usosayensi Gram) - Le mpahla isetshenziselwa ekuxilongweni izifo;

- chemoorganotrophic (feed eziphilayo);

- asporogenous (musa yakha ezinhlamvu);

- yisinanakazana.

Izici zokuphila

Kubantu nasezilwaneni bahlala streptococci esikhulu izinambuzane ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, nasopharynx, esiswini, amathumbu ezinkulu, kodwa unga ngegazi noma ezinye izindlela zokuthola ku kabi noma isiphi isitho bese uqale khona umsebenzi pathogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-streptococci kukhona endaweni esikuyo, ezifana nothuli, kunoma iyiphi indawo, isikhwehlela, ubomvu endala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimuncagazi akha L-ukuma nokunye okunjalo bavezwa, balahle kubo kunzima. Lezi amabhaktheriya athile ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila emakhazeni, "libambe" imizuzu engu-30 lokushisa kuze kufinyelele ku-55 degrees, kanye nezixazululo ye chloride mercuric kanye carboxylic acid ababulale imizuzu engu-15 kuphela. Kodwa kukhona izinhlobo streptococci nge nakakhulu ubungqabavu imingcele. Izingcezu omisiwe ezinga ubomvu, isikhwehlela (omisiwe futhi fresh), zonke izinhlobo silwanyana angaphila unomphela. Kodwa amaningi asebenzayo yalezi Amagciwane kukhona ngesikhathi kuma lokushisa ^ka 37 C eduze pH kuya hlangothi noma kancane ane-alikhali (amanani asuka 6.9 kuya 7.6). Ukuze wazi, amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa line-pH-7, ngo-ngamathe seningi abantu pH 7-7,4, okungukuthi, kunjalo ekahle sokuthuthukiswa lezi streptococci. fecundity omkhulu Ikakhulukazi-bacterium abonise, uma zingena medium okunegazi, igazi serum, glucose, ngoba kuyisinkwa sawo abawuthandayo. Kube basheshe banda baze bafinyelela ku amakoloni enkulu. Uma ubeke izinhlobo ezahlukene streptococcus egazini agar (ngokukhethekile, isixazululo equkethe igazi kwezinye izilwane), ezinye zazo ngeke kushintshe umbala agar, abanye yakha emhlabeni amakoloni zabo Inani erythrocyte dissociation zone (hemolysis), eyesithathu "ukuhlobisa" endaweni athumba oluhlaza. Ngo izimo kancane evundile kubo (isib uthuli) koloni streptococci kakhulu ezincane (2.5 mm) uthinte ukubukeka ngokuvamile bushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi ngokhahlo ecwebezelayo futhi angenisa ukukhanya. Ngo uketshezi nezilwanyana ezincane uzama ukuhlala izindonga, asimboze ngesitsha nokuba phansi, kusale medium esobala uqobo.

Umonakalo enkulu kusukela Streptococcus ngukutsi zikhipha ubuthi kuyingozi kakhulu ezibangela ubuthi emzimbeni isisulu, ngisho kungaholela ekufeni.

Yiziphi streptococci

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ngeengaba owamukelwa. Ngokusho Brown kanye Shottmyulleru, yonke impi streptococci sehlukaniswe 3 amaqembu ayinhloko:

1. Hemolytic.

2. viridans.

3. non-hemolytic.

I esiyingozi kakhulu yiwona streptococcus hemolytic, kodwa hhayi bonke bangabafundi pathogenic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi okungenangozi-non-hemolytic baningana izimuncagazi "sina".

Ngenxa nobunzima nezinye ngezigaba kwahlongozwa ekunqumeni streptococcus ingozi. It yasungulwa ngokuzimela Rebecca Lensfild noFrederick Griffith. Basuke ngesisekelo sathathwa isakhiwo antigenic kwamagciwane, ngenxa lapho zahlukaniswa zinhlobo noma amaqembu 17, okhonjiswe zesi-Latin. Okokuqala - A streptococci, okwesibili, C lwesithathu, D wesine nokunye, kuze iqembu S-streptococci. Ngoba okokuqala abantu abane kukhona ezingemnandi neze. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe futhi baqala ngokuphendula umbuzo: "Iqembu A Streptococcus - kuyini," Kungani kuye? Okokuqala, ngokuba kwakunguye owayehola ekukhulumeni kuqala ohlwini lwezinhlelo, kanti okwesibili, ngoba amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu eyenza umuntu abe "isixha" izifo. Ngakho ...

Iqembu A streptococci

Ama-bacterium yaleli qembu akuyona kuphela ayingozi kakhulu, kodwa futhi eziningi kakhulu. Vele umuntu awuthola 53 zinhlobo alawa magciwane, futhi 49 kubo basonta iqembu A. Batholakala ku ipheshana zokuphefumula, umlomo, esiswini, esithweni sangasese, futhi ngosizo igazi lapho izimuncagazi zingene idluliselwe kalula kakhulu noma iyiphi ingxenye umzimba kanye nanoma yiphi indikimba. Enye igama la magciwane - pyogenes Streptococcus, okungukuthi streptococci pyogenic. Kuyini lokhu? elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ubomvu" Nge pyon ngesiGreki. Kusukela isihloko kuyacaca ukuthi pyogenic streptococci adala izifo, ephelezelwa ubovu zichithe (ubovu ukutheleleka). Kuyinto izakhiwo zabo eziyingozi hhayi kuphela. nezilwanyana ezincane ezinjalo ngemva ngokudlulisela avuse yezinkinga isifo eyisisekelo - imfiva rheumatism futhi glomerulonephritis acute (ukulimala kwezinso). The main isici isici zonke Iqembu streptococci kuba phambi kuseli yabo ezindongeni M amaprotheni, futhi kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-80 ukuhluka. Le into ivikela streptococci ngu phagocytes ekhona egazini lomuntu, ukudla umzimba angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomele lwegciwane Iqembu has a capsule ukuze bazivikele phagocytes. Lezi zici morphological streptococci "benecala" eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu othile owayesegule kunanini, ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba kuphela uhlobo amagciwane ezibangele isifo. Lokho uma entanyeni yakho obukhulu okubangelwa iprotheni streptococcus-M1, izivikeli mzimba kuyoba kuphela ama-bacterium lwegciwane M2 amaprotheni ayisekho, okusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi kabusha angina ogulayo. Izithunzi Kulokhu, ukucacisa uhlobo izibopho ku amaprotheni.

streptococcus Hemolytic: ukuthi kuyini

Igama elithi "hemolytic" kusho kokubhubhisa egazi. Uma amagciwane kuyinto hemolysis ephelele (futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe wonke amaseli ngegazi nxazonke kubo), ibizwa ngokuthi i-beta-hemolytic. Cishe wonke amalungu amaqembu okuqala amane (A, B, C, D) Kumiswa futhi. Enza lezi zifo ezilandelayo:

• umphimbo obuhlungu;
• scarlet fever;
• Ngibhekana;
• impetigo (isifo sesikhumba);
• endocarditis infective;
• abscesses (esiswini, ubuchopho);
• meningitis, sepsis ezisanda kubelethwa;
• postrodovoy sepsis;
• izifo eziningi kohlelo genitourinary.

Kukhona streptococcus-alpha-hemolytic. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyafana hemolytic streptococcus (zelenyaschy), kuphela ebhubhisa abomvu egazi kancane. Kungase kubonakale sengathi lolu hlobo kancane kuyingozi. Eqinisweni, kudala izifo eziyingozi ezifana:

• abscesses peritoneal nobuchopho;
• periodontitis;
• endocarditis infective;
• i-pneumonia,
• meningitis.

Lezi streptococci, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, bayakwazi ukushintsha umbala medium kusuka obomvu oluhlaza.

Kukhona-gamma-hemolytic streptococcus. Kuyini lokhu? Ngakho ngokuthi ama-bacterium akababhubhisi amangqamuzana abomvu musa ukushintsha ababemzungezile naphakathi agar (okuthiwa non-hemolytic). Kodwa kungabangela eziningi izifo:

• endocarditis infective;
• sinusitis;
• ukutheleleka amanxeba.

strep emphinjeni

Ngokuvamile, umphimbo obuhlungu - umqondo ezibanzi, okusho iyiphi umphimbo obuhlungu. It kungadalwa hhayi kuphela streptococcus, kodwa futhi nezinye Amagciwane ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ake sixoxe ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma Kutholwe strep emphinjeni, kuyini futhi kanjani hhayi ukuthi usephutheni ne kokuvela kwaleso sifo, ngoba kuthinta indlela yokwelashwa. sinqumo Esinembile angenza udokotela kuphela esekelwe imiphumela ukuhlaziywa microbiological (smear). Eyiswa nge swab oyinyumba esuka emphinjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona test amabili okusheshayo, kodwa smear iyona olunembile kunazo. Itheleleke nge streptococcal umphimbo obuhlungu kungaba ukuxhumana nesineke, uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokuphepha. Izimpawu ezisemqoka:

• umphimbo obuhlungu, ikakhulukazi lapho uvuleka;
• lokushisa;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele, Ukugodola;
• ISIZINDA ubuhlungu wesibeletho;
• edema mucosal;
• omhlophe noma ubovu koqweqwe amalaka nomphimbo;
• ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, ubuhlungu besisu.

Lesi sifo uma ethole ukwelashwa okufanele ihlala kuze kube 5 izinsuku. Imithi kufanele akhethwe ngendlela ezifana bhalisa cha jeza nezinso amalunga omzimba.

Ngokuvamile ama-antibiotic ukuze iziguli ngomlomo, futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile phansi kwesikhumba. Ukuze wehlise obukhulu emphinjeni izifutho noma ukuhahaza esetshenziswa antiseptics, broths daisy, isixazululo baking soda.

Emhlabeni izimpawu efanayo umphimbo obuhlungu, scarlet fever libhekene kuphela uma isifo ungeze ukuqubuka punctulate ebomvu yonke indawo emzimbeni, kubangelwa ubuthi streptococcal. imfiva Scarlet njengoba uphawu waphawula "sitrobheli ulimi" (nge enamathela mhlophe futhi papillae obomvu). Ukwelashwa kwemfuyo kusebenza okufana nalokho okuchazwe ngenhla.

Streptococcal esehlaselwa isifo sesikhumba esenyanyekayo

Abanye odokotela wathumela iziguli ukuthi zihlolelwe strep CPR. Kuyini lokhu? Yebo, wonke amagciwane efanayo cocci. Lungisa le kholi iqembu Streptococcus SPP. Lihlanganisa ajwayelekile streptococci pyogenic, okuyizinto imbangela yezifo eziningi, kanye Streptococcus pneumoniae, okubangela i-pneumonia, meningitis, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, isifo igazi, futhi Streptococcus mutans, obhekene caries futhi endocarditis.

Ukuze izifo zesikhumba streptococcal zihlanganisa impetigo futhi Erysipelas.

Lesi sifo wokuqala kubangele streptococci A-iqembu pyogenic. Njengomthetho, ngokuvamile kubonakala izingane, uma kungagcinwa nezindinganiso zempilo. Streptococci njalo bawe phezu kwesikhumba zabantu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lapho "abangane ukuzihlambulula okuyisiko" (geza tandla, wenze njalo yokuhlanza ezimanzi), nge isikhumba sawo lususwe. Futhi khona ukuhlanzeka akuyona kulungile, Streptococcus abahlala isikhumba ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngesikhathi ukuhlukumezeka kancane, kuhlanganise ukukhanya imihuzuko kanye ukulunywa izinambuzane, ukungena ungqimba ongama. Izimpawu impetigo kukhona ukuqubuka kobuhlungu emhlabeni ekhaleni, izindebe, futhi kakhulu kuyaqabukela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngesikhathi sigaba sokuqala, lezi izilonda isimo ngamaqhubu obomvu (papules), okuyinto kamuva ibe ubovu vesicles (amanxeba okusha) aqhumile ezomile aphuzi ukwakha soma. Phatha impetigo ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

Ubuso kubangele streptococci pyogenic. Lesi sifo kwenzeka ngenxa Ukungena amagciwane ku nezicubu ongama. Ubangela - ukwephula ahlukahlukene ubuqotho isikhumba, kusukela ukusikeka kuya ukulunywa yizinambuzane. izimpawu:

• ububomvu, isisa, ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile yesikhumba;
• Ukugodola;
• imfiva.

Esinye sezici ezingemnandi neze zokugula ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu uyahluleka uma elwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ikhambi sobala.

inyumoniya

Lesi sifo has izinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi pathogen. inyumoniya Streptococcal - omunye esiyingozi kakhulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi Ukungena emaphashini Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ungakwazi pick up the ukutheleleka, uphefumula umoya, equkethe namagciwane abangela izifo. Isifo samaphaphu iqala kungazelelwe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthukiswa yayo kancane kancane. izimpawu:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhwehlela;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• iphika;
• umkhuhlane;
• ubovu exudate (ubomvu ekuqongeleleni emaphashini) - inqubo enokuthambekela eqinile ukwandisa, futhi uma izinyathelo esiphuthumayo kungukuthi kuthathwe, ekukhanyeni kumiswa spikes.

-X-ray kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe i-pneumonia, kanye ukuhlolwa isikhwehlela khulula. Waphatha ngemithi elwa namagciwane kanye corticosteroids, njengoba umthetho, kudinga indlela olunzulu. ukwelashwa schema akhiwa izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe! Ngaphandle kokwelashwa efanele pneumonia luvame ukubulala.

Streptococcus agalactia: ukuthi kuyini

Nge Iqembu streptococcus, thina ucishe alungise. Ake sixoxe ngalokho izimuncagazi yeqembu B. Bakhandwa lokuqala ezikhonjwe ngokutadisha mastitis izinkomazi. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi la magciwane abangela imvuthu ozalwa kuphela meningitis septicemia, kuyilapho konina - sepsis puerperal. Izimuncagazi okuthiwa Streptococcus agalactiae (ngesiRashiya - "Streptococcus agalactia"). Kuyini lokhu? Impendulo: lokhu kungumnikelo kwamagciwane ayingozi kakhulu eziholela noma ukuba afe noma eziyingozi. umzimba wabo (cell udonga) sicuketse polysaccharides capsular, lona wamuva - 9 ukuhluka. Ngakho, kukhona 9 futhi Streptococcus agalactia serotypes. Ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi iyiphi okubangelwa ukugula, ukuchitha INKAMBI test. Isifinyezo - kungcono nje bofeleba lwamagama ososayensi ababandakanyekayo kulo magazini.

Ngenxa ezinye ukuhileleka nobunzima ezithile kuphakama ngeengaba. Ngakho, thatha, isibonelo, streptococcus iqembu B. Iyini? Yebo, into efanayo Streptococcus agalactia. Yilawa amagama amabili amabhaktheriya efanayo. Iqembu B streptococci kukhona ukuma noma okusaqanda noma round. "Lokuhlala" ngokuyinhloko - obuntu uhlelo urogenital. amagciwane Newborn adluliswa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Sepsis eba uma lokhu lonke 2% izingane, kodwa u-50% babo bayafa, futhi abasindile ngokuvamile baphazamisekile ingqondo. sepsis manifest can ngokushesha (ngaphakathi ngelinye ilanga) noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (izinyanga isikhathi esisuka esontweni elilodwa kuya ku-3). izimpawu:

• ukozela;
• oncelayo abampofu;
• esingamahlalakhona zokuphefumula;
• hypotension imithambo;
• bacteremia (khona amagciwane egazini);
• inyumoniya noma meningitis.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe sepsis streptococcal kuzibonakalisa ubuhlungu futhi ukuvuvukala, bacteremia. Ngezinye izikhathi baqale meningitis / noma endocarditis infective.

Zonke izigaba zezakhamizi iqembu B streptococci abangela izifo ezifana:

• meningitis;
• i-pneumonia,
• ubovu sokuqaqamba kwamalunga;
• ukuvuvukala pheshana urogenital;
• osteomyelitis;
• Ithumba okhalo, peritoneal nabanye.

amaqembu Streptococcal C no-D

Idlanzana zabantu ziye zathola kwamanye amaqembu streptococci. Ama-bacterium okuqondene C beqembu beta-hemolytic ngibangele ukuba isifo efanayo A-iqembu Amagciwane. Kushiwo D iqembu futhi streptococci, futhi enterococci. Bona abangela izifo ikakhulu abadala, ababuthaka isifo wesintu nokugcwaliseka labo abathola imithi elwa namagciwane ngenxa engalawuliwe waphula ibhalansi microflora emzimbeni.

Abantu bavame ukubuza lokho ngesilinganiso streptococci, ngoba abazi njalo abangela izifo. Ngenxa yalokho, akukho kuyinsakavukela. Lezi amabhaktheriya akunangozi, ngenkathi amasosha omzimba akwazi "uwagcine isheke". Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko sonke - ukuthuthukisa futhi uqinise amasosha omzimba kuzo zonke izindlela, okuyinto zitholakala kuphela. Uma yahlatshwa buthaka, streptococci uthola ingalawuleki futhi ukuhlasela. Ukucekela amagciwane engacabangeki njengoba esikhundleni umhlala emahoreni ambalwa kuzothatha entsha, ngoba ngokugcwele imvelo yethu. I streptococci temlomo ukwabelana kuze kube u-60% wonke amagciwane. Ngokuqondene streptococci emaqenjini, selitholakala ku umthondo lwamafinyila, ngokuvamile akufanele kube.