Bergholz Olga Fedorovna: Biography (dlala)

Igama Olgi Berggolts uyazi zonke izakhamuzi zezwe lethu elikhulu, ikakhulukazi Petersburg. Phela, akusiyo nje imbongi Russian, yena iwuphawu eziphilayo nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad. Okuningi kwadingeka udlula kulesi owesifazane eqinile. Umlando wakhe iDemo okuzokhulunywa ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Esakhula

Bergholz ozalwa Olga Fedorovna ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1910 eSt. Uyise kwaba udokotela ohlinzayo Fedor Hristoforovich. Olga wayenodadewabo futhi abasebasha, uMariya. Ngemva inguquko ka Bergholz, umkhaya wathuthela Uglich, ngoba kwakukhona isiyaluyalu Petrograd. Uyise umndeni kwakuhilela lokulwa. Mother Mary Timofeevna kanye namadodakazi akhe iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili abahlala Isigodlo wangaphambilini we-Epiphany. Ngisho nasekugugeni Olga ukufudumala wakhumbula Ngalezo zinsuku nangaleso ukukhathalela ngazo kwesokunxele emuva Petrograd ngemva kokubuya uyise kusuka impi.

Bergholz wahlala onqenqemeni eSangweni iNeva. Ngo-1926 u-Olga iziqu isikole ukuhweba. Ngonyaka owawandulele, kwelinye izinhlangano etemibhalo wahlangana Boris Kornilov, imbongi kanye umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Ndawonye kanye naye, watadisha e-Institute of Art Umlando.

Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso Kornilov, omunye izinhlekelele ukuphila okunzima imbongi. Ngo-1928, bashada, ngendodakazi Irina wazalwa kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lo mbhangqwana. Le ntombazane wafa eneminyaka engu ayisishiyagalombili yisifo senhliziyo. Boris yena ngo-February 1938 esingu ngamacala aqanjiwe.

1930

Kusukela ngo-1930, wafunda ngesikhathi kolimi Leningrad University. Ngaya umkhuba eVladikavkaz, lapho ngachitha khona ingxenye ihlobo noma ekwindla, ukusebenza ephephandabeni "Labor Amandla".

Ngawo lowo nyaka umalumekazi afake isehlukaniso B. Kornilov washada Nikolay Molchanov. Olga Bergholz, biography ligcwele nezenzakalo ezibuhlungu, futhi ngasinda nomyeni wakhe wesibili. Washona ngo-1942 eLeningrad yindlala.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ukusatshalaliswa iya Kazakhstan, lapho ayesebenza ephephandabeni "asemaqeleni namaSoviet" umlobeli. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Leningrad kuze 1934 wasebenza iphephandaba "Electrosila".

Ngo-1932 u-Olga, uNicholas saba nendodakazi, isiMaya, kodwa, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi umama ezibuhlungu. Ingane washona ngemva konyaka.

Ngo-1934 imbongi ungeniswe Writers 'Union, lapho axoshwe izikhathi eziningana, bese abuyiselwe.

Ngo-December 1938, Berggolts Olga waboshwa ngamacala ihlangane ne-bayizitha zabantu. Ngesikhathi ukuboshwa wayekhulelwe. Kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise ababengihlupha babengithuka bese aqhube sokuhlushwa. Phela kokushaywa imbongi esibhedlela sasejele wabeletha ingane ezalwe isishonile.

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ekuboshweni, wadedelwa futhi ngokugcwele ukuthi avuselelwe.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

Ngo-1940 ngesikhathi engena CPSU (b). Izindaba ekuqaleni kwempi wathola Olga eLeningrad. Washeshe waya legatsha lendawo Abalobi Union futhi wazicelela. Ketlinskaya V, Inhloko yoMnyango, wathumela Berggolts Olgu emsakazweni. Kuyo ukuvinjezelwa izwi kuthule imbongi sigcinwe Leningradites umoya ngokuwina, izinkondlo zakhe ayakhuthaza.

Kwakuwusuku Esivelele ukuqina Bergholz ukuvinjelwa. Ngo-November 1941, kanye nomyeni wakhe yokugula Usululungele ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi, kodwa wafa Molchanov no-Olga wanquma amachaphazelo izakhamuzi, wahlala eLeningrad. Lapha sizalwa imisebenzi yakhe engcono. "Leningrad inkondlo" Olgi Berggolts elalinikezelwe abavikeli we dolobha nezakhamuzi ezathinteka ngayo abanesibindi.

Ekupheleni kuka-1942, wakwazi ukuvakashela eMoscow. Ngalezo zinsuku, imbongi ngokuphuthumayo aphuthelwe mayelana edolobheni lakubo futhi umphefumulo wafuna emuva. Ayikho ubuhle ngesimo ukudla okushisayo, obhavu kanye nezinye izinto bebangalisi ke.

It Bergholz wathi Olga Fedorovna kweLeningrad ngo 1943. Izindaba ezinhle mayelana breaking nokuvinjelwa.

Ehlobo lika-1942 imbongi wathola indondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela kweLeningrad". Ngemva kwempi, kwathiwa amazwi akhe kwakuqoshwe phezu egwadle setshe emathuneni yesikhumbuzo: ". ... akekho ukhohliwe futhi akukho ukhohliwe"

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1949 washada okwesithathu. Olga baba abakhethiweyo George Makogonenko, umhlaziyi etemibhalo. Ngemva kwempi, imbongi kanzima, waya kwelinye ibhizinisi. Ngemva uhambo Sevastopol wabhala usizi "Ubuqotho".

Ngo-1951, Berggolts Olga waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State of the USSR. amavesi Umunyu wahlangana I. V Stalina ukufa.

Ngo-1962, umalumekazi afake isehlukaniso Makogonenko. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, eqinisweni, baye wedwa. Eduzane kwakunendlu wakhe kuphela udadewabo, Maria, owasiza kukho konke futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

ukufa

Ukufa lamfica imbongi Novemba 13, 1975. Bergholz ushone eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-65.

Buried kwaba le volkov emathuneni, nakuba kwathiwa yasekuqaleni ukuthi lomngcwabo iyothathwa Piskarevskoe. Izakhamuzi eziningi akusebenzanga ukusho goodbye kuya imbongi bathandekayo, njengoba umlandvomufi lanyatheliswa iphephandaba kuphela, ngokucabangela usuku lokungcwatshwa.

Iziphathimandla zakwenza uqinisekile ukuthi kukhona abantu abaningi ethuneni, besaba izinkulumo, ngoba okubangelwa ububi obukhulu kangaka Bergholz. Ngenxa yalokho, esikuzuzile ukuthi bafunani. A inkulumo E. Serebrovskaya ukuthi Olga kabaze baba lakho ukuma ngenxa meanness kanye okulahla njalo abalobi kanye izimbongi. Granin, ukukhumbula usuku yokuvalelisa Bergholz, wathi kwaba umngcwabo ngobugwala, esikhundleni ukudana inkumbulo esibonga imbongi ithole intukuthelo ababeshisekela wakhe kuphela.

ekudalweni

Umsebenzi wokuqala olusankondlo yanyatheliswa ngo-1925. Ekuqaleni, u-Olga Bergholz, Umlando womuntu ophilako ngempela ukuthi kudabukisa kangakanani-ke kahle uqobo imbongi zezingane. Litholé ukunconywa Chukovsky.

iminyaka neMpi washintsha konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kulapho wazithola, wahamba umsebenzi kwesokudla. Olga Bergholz, izinkondlo mayelana nempi okwanika wayesenalo ithemba nokholo, sekuwuphawu ka ayenganqobeki.

Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe engcono "Februwari Diary", "Leningrad inkondlo", "Daily Star". Ngemva kokufa imbongi yashicilelwa Diaries, okuyizinto zenani elikhulu futhi sigcine eziningi ezimnandi futhi kabuhlungu.