Typology amasistimu kwezombangazwe njengesilo isayensi

Ngokusho R.-ZH. Shvargenberga, wezifundo zezombusazwe namuhla ukhumbuza Penelope, okuyinto ibulala konke wadala ngosuku. Ososayensi abaningi zezombusazwe uzama ukudala le mibono zakamuva ngaphambilini yokwala noma ukucekela phansi yonke into idaliwe phambi kwabo.

ithiyori Modern zezombusazwe ukuthi kwavela zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili zingahlukaniswa zibe okulandelayo:

• Postbihevioralizm. Kusekelwe functionalism T.Parsona. Lo mbono uyazicabangela emkhakheni wezepolitiki njengoba ashukumisayo, inqubo eqhubekayo, futhi akusho acabangele izingxabano zawo.

• postpositivism umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa njengesibopho kuphela waqinisekisa umkhuba, futhi imibandela esele okubonakala ukuthi ayibalulekile futhi uyawalahla.

• Neoliberalism kudinga indima anda isimo, ulisebenzise amathuba kwezenhlalo ukuvimbela zonke izingxabano kungenzeka. Amaphuzu asemqoka: ukusungulwa ukuvikelwa komphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa emakethe, umncintiswano, umsebenzi isimo kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho.

• Neo-conservatism. Ekhuluma emakethe khulula, ukudala mncintiswano ithobela theory kaDarwin. Ngokusho lokhu imfundiso ababuthakathaka baye alinamali, eqinile - ocebile.

• Social intando yeningi waqhekeka waba Amathrendi modernist kanye zendabuko.

• Neo-Marxism.

• Humanism, okuyinto ushumayela imfundiso yokuziphendukela ayengakholelwa ebudloveni.

Ngaphezu kwalezi, kunezinye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Uthole kancane kancane ezivamile. Lena imfundiso yokuziphendukela apocalypse, imfundiso yokungafi kobushiqela futhi empeleni yayo nokunye.

Zonke kwemvelo kukhona indlela ehlukile ukuze kuhlolwe ngezepolitiki, kodwa ezifanayo ukuthi kwelinye nelinye lawo kukhona welithi "wezombusazwe", okusho ikakhulukazi ukusebenza uhulumeni wombuso. It libhekene ngezinga elithile lenkululeko, izindlela, isilinganiso sokubamba iqhaza abantu ekuphathweni izimo ezihlukile.

Politrezhima Umqondo ingenye yezingxenye elithi "typology amasistimu zezombusazwe."

Typology - indlela ezikhethekile lokuthola ukuvumelana esitebeleni lapho kuqhathaniswa izinto ezifanayo noma izenzakalo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ahlele konke ngesihloko esithize ezaziwayo.

Typology amasistimu zezombusazwe:

• ehlukanisa main (kubalulekile) nokwesibili (engaphumi) izimpawu zonke bafundelwa locwaningo amadivayisi zezombusazwe.

• Kuchaza target labantu izinhlelo, kudala umbono ephelele futhi sihlelekile kudivayisi yabo.

• ke kutindlela letibalulekile bokubikezela yesayensi okwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni politsistem izinhlobo ezahlukene.

I typology amasistimu zezombusazwe kungaba theory, isb esakhiwe ngesisekelo umcwaningi ethize ayisungula njengoba isibonelo esiphelele. umbono onjalo uhlamvu priori, futhi isiqinisekiso yayo, ekuphikeni iza ukuhlaziya.

typology enokwehla amasistimu zezombusazwe njengesisekelo ngokuthatha yezinto ezibonakalayo etholakala wokutadisha ethize, izakhiwo owaziwa into. umehluko yayo kusukela theory ehola esifakiwe okucacile izakhiwo wafunda isimiso sezenkolo, sezombusazwe ukudalwa ngezigaba, ukwehlukana izinto iqembu ejwayelekile.

Bobabili typologies okufanele azenze yomkhakha owodwa ngenxa izibalo theory kufanele udlulela Imiphumela ukhonkolo, imiqondo ethile.

Kanzima kubhekwe uqedele le typology amasistimu zezombusazwe ukuthi:

• okhandlayo ihlanganisa izinhlelo ngaphansi cwaningo.

• Usebentisa nenqubo ebalulekile embula izici evamile izinhlelo.

• Ngokulinganayo amaqembu wafunda ohlelweni.

• Kuyinto ephelele, eveza hhayi kuphela esemqoka izici uhlelo, kodwa futhi kunikeza umbono walokho ubudlelwano babo.

Olwamukelwa kabanzi namuhla ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto typology of zezombusazwe Almond.

Uqhathanisa lesi uhlelo, ukuthatha njengoba yekucala yabo politkultury kanye nendima eyafezwa neziphathimandla, abezindaba, amaqembu nokunye. N. Ngesisekelo kulezi zici siqokomisa isimiso sezombangazwe yohlobo yezwekazi wamaNgisi namaMelika, wobushiqela, pre-ezimbonini kanye European. Almond unikeza incazelo yazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhethiwe, okubonisa ukuthi azifani kanjani bayithanda ngazo nezinto ezifana ngazo.