Okusetshenzelwe Value Indlela e Project Management

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, wonke umuntu Ungazama ngesandla sabo e-ibhizinisi. Amathuba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka izingqinamba ngokwanele is lincipha, ukuze konke okudingayo - lesi sifiso. Nokho, kuphela lokhu kunganele. Vula ibhizinisi lakho futhi wonke umuntu can, kodwa usigcine ntanta, ukuthuthukisa kanye kusengaphambili - amayunithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga okungaphezu nje isifiso, kudingeka amakhono adingekayo kuvisisa indlela kwezebhizinisi. Njengoba isibonelo, singakwazi ukulawula amaphrojekthi - osomabhizinisi abaningi luthela ungasebenzisi noma imaphi amathuluzi uphathe amaphrojekthi ababebeka emsebenzini noma abangaphansi, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza iphutha ethuneni.

Uma une amanye amathuluzi, ungakwazi yini ukuyikhulisa kahle kakhulu ngokuphumelela ngokwengeziwe imisebenzi yabo. Futhi ukuthi awudingi ukuba wayeyisazi umnotho - nje sibheke okusetshenzelwe Value Management. Ngo ukuphathwa project, it ikuvumela ukuba sifinyelele kahle esiphezulu nokunemba, kodwa ilula aphansi futhi ezingabizi. Iyini indlela ukubaluleka wathola? Yilokhu uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini lokhu?

Okusetshenzelwe ukubaluleka indlela - uhlelo izindlela okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba iqaphe futhi ulinganise ukusebenza iphrojekthi njengoba kuqhathaniswa uhlelo osungulwe kusengaphambili. Le ndlela isebenzisa izinkomba zezinombolo aphindaphindiwe tente ifomula futhi zikuvumela ukuba ngokunembile futhi ngokucacile ukukhombisa isimo yephrojekthi ngasiphi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe, yini ebangela schedule noma ngaphambi ijika kuze kudlulwe isabelomali, kanye yiziphi Imiphumela kulindeleke phezu isikhathi iphrojekthi usuphothuliwe ngesikhathi okuvunyelwene, manje okuthiwa umnqamulajuqu.

Uma sikhuluma emhlabeni wangempela, lo wathola ukubaluleka ndlela ngempela ethandwa kakhulu - isetshenziswa yonke indawo, futhi phakathi izindlela ezinjalo abantu abaningi kakhulu elisetshenziswa umkhuba. Inzuzo enkulu yaleli ndlela akuyona kuphela alula, obala kanye lungeneke, kodwa futhi sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene. Iqiniso lokuthi ungayisebenzisa ngokuphelele kunoma yimuphi umkhakha futhi iyiphi iphrojekthi kabani ekugcwalisekeni ingabe noma nabasebenzi bakho. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elula noma le ndlela, kusadingeka ukuba ahlole futhi babheka lo mkhuba njengohlobo ke itawusetjentiswa ngokuphepha kuzo zonke izimo. Kulesi sihloko mina ngizoya mayelana ngamunye izinkomba esetshenziswa kule ndlela, futhi ekugcineni isibonelo esilula izokwethulwa, ozokusiza siyibone ngokucace ngokwengeziwe indlela le ndlela isebenza.

PV

Njengoba wazi, ukubaluleka wathola indlela ikuvumela ukubala ngemuva schedule noma ngaphambi ijika, kanye isabelomali. Ngakho, izibalo kufanele kube idatha samanje eluhlaza, okuyinto manje okuzoxoxwa ngayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubheka Inkomba ngokuthi i-PV, esimelela "ivolumu okuhleliwe." Ayikho into elukhuni lapha akukhona - lesi sibalo kahle ukuthi igama layo kubonisa. Lokhu izindleko esivezwa imisebenzi ukuze kwenziwe ngaphakathi project - ngamanye amazwi, kuyintando isabelomali iphrojekthi sika. Kuyinto yinzuzo futhi hhayi ibalwa yimaphi amafomula. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo uzobe ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa sokubalwa ezinye izinkomba elisetshenziswa kohlaka le ndlela. Okusetshenzelwe Value Management ikuvumela ukulinganisa ngokunembe ngeziphambeko kwenzeke isabelomali. Nokho, lokho ukubaluleka wathola kakhulu?

EV

Okusetshenzelwe Value Management okhishiwe muhle ngoba ikuvumela ukuhlola zonke izici yephrojekthi izici ezithile ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Futhi kungenziwa, isibonelo, esebenzisa le nkomba, elisetendeni isihloko wonke indlela. It wathola i-value, kodwa kuyini na? Uma umthamo kuhlelwe kwaba kahle elula futhi ishaya emhloleni, konke Akucaci ngakho ne-Value itholiwe. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu akuyona inkomba olunembile, kanye nokuhlola - libhekisela izindleko nalehleliwe kuphela labo imisebenzi, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa cishe kusukela ngo-iphuzu elithile kuphrojekthi. Ngakho, le nkomba ibalwa ngekuhlola bomsebenzi ukuthi iye yenziwa ngaphakathi project - futhi banikezwe imali ibalwa maqondana nalokho Kwakuhlelwe isabelomali ukuthi sikhathi. Ngamazwi, lokhu kuzwakala kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqonda. Uma namanje akukacaci kakhulu, okusho ukubaluleka wathola, kufanele ulinde leyinye usebenzisa indlela wathola ukuphathwa ukubaluleka iphrojekthi okuzokwenziwa elichazwa kamuva.

AC

Njengoba ubona, indlela wathola ukuphathwa ukubaluleka project - akuyona nje iqoqo izibalo ezahlukene, kuba inethiwekhi ye ubudlelwano ukuthi kuzokuvumela ukuba sihlaziye indlela akusho ngayo kwenziwe iphrojekthi. Kodwa lokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela futhi omunye ipharamitha main - izindleko langempela. Njengoba kunjalo nge ivolumu kuhlelwe, izindleko langempela Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda. Empeleni, lena lemali ukuthi iphuzu esithile okukhulunywa lapho iphrojekthi sasetshenziswa ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Uma uthola yonke imingcele ezintathu eziyisisekelo, ungathatha ubudlelwane kuwo ukhiye, inhloso isisekelo okuyiwona kukhona indlela wathola ukuphathwa ukubaluleka phrojekthi. Izinhloso zalesi indlela ilula - ukuqhathanisa bomsebenzi empeleni owazenza izindleko kuhlelwe futhi langempela ziqhathaniswa isabelomali okuhleliwe. Futhi ngoba lokho, manje usuhlanganyela wonke amathuluzi adingekayo.

SV

Ngakho, sekuyisikhathi sokuba sicabangele lokho kusetshenziswa le ndlela. Okusetshenzelwe ukubaluleka indlela isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukucacisa ngokweqile isabelomali izindleko maqondana nenani umsebenzi owawenziwa. Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu futhi isetshenziswa, esimelela "ukuphambuka kusukela schedule." Kulinganiselwa ulula - inkomba yokuthi PV is sisuswe EV Inkomba. Kusho ukuthini? Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukuthatha umthamo nalehleliwe ukubaluleka wathola. Ngakho ungakwazi ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi okuningi kwenziwe abasebenzi kuqhathaniswa kangakanani ababenakho ukwenza okwamanje ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa. Ngakho, i-value negative kubonisa ngemuva isheduli futhi omuhle - ke phambili. amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa Indlela esisebenza esigabeni design, awuthandayo - ke kusho ukuthi ungayisebenzisa ngosuku lokuqala, okweshumi nesibongo. Ngo ngalunye lwezinsuku yephrojekthi, le ndlela uzokunika ulwazi oluwusizo.

CV

Lesi sibalo kuyafana lowo odlule - ngaphandle kokuthi akaguquki ukuphambuka kusukela schedule, futhi isabelomali. Ngakho, futhi ekubaleni yayo kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ezinye nemingcele. Njengoba ngaphambili, udinga ukuthatha kude ukubaluleka wathola (lesi sibalo, njengoba igama indlela kuyisihluthulelo), kodwa lokhu sikhathi emalini lemali kuhlelwe futhi izindleko langempela umsebenzi. Ngakho, uma inani wathola esingaphansi izindleko langempela - imali engaphezu kuka-kuhlelwe iphuzu elithile, uma ngaphezulu - kunalokho. Lezi zinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuze umphathi ngamunye project, ngqo ukulungiselela yabo nokusebenzisa okusetshenzelwe Value Management. Kuyinto Nokho, izilaleli zazingazi izinkomba kuphela ukuthi ungakwazi ekugcineni uthole.

I-CPI

Yikuphi isacuketse indlela wathola ukubaluleka ifomula? Nge nemiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nezindlela ukubala kwabo, usuvele ajwayelekile - manje sekuyisikhathi ukubheka ambalwa ukusebenza isihlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-index ukusebenza ngokuya - lena inketho kakhulu ukuthi kuyokusiza ukuba sibone ngokucace kangakanani wena ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma yokusilela kubo. Ngenxa yalesi inkomba udinga bahlukanise inani wathola kuya okuhleliwe. Umphumela kungabhekwa njengokuvikela inombolo wamaqhuzu - noma enye ibe Amaphesenti ukubonakala kangcono. Umphumela angabhekwa njengemihlatshelo ngesilinganiso kusengaphambili njengoba iphesenti ijubane okuhleliwe. izibonelo ezichaza kabanzi ezithathwe uzobona kamuva, lapho kanjalo uyokuqonda project ethize.

SPI

Njengoba kunjalo nge umbhangqwana langaphambilini, SPI Inkomba has a zifana esinamandla Inkomba CPI. Iqiniso lokuthi leli kubuye kube Inkomba isihlobo, kodwa manje yena akusho ukubonisa ijubane iphrojekthi, futhi izindleko isabelomali. Uma CV wabonisa yisiphi isamba ethile underspend isabelomali noma overdrawn, ngenhloso le ndlela - ukuze ubone ukuthi malini ichithwa dollar okuhleliwe. Umphumela lapha kungaba dollar elilodwa (uma isabelomali kuhlangatshezwene nakho eziyikhulu namashumi per cent), namashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu amasenti noma ngisho dollar nengxenye. Ngokuvamile, le nkomba ihlinzeka yonke ukuhlola indlela underspending kakhulu noma kabi ukusebenzisa imali budedengu isabelomali.

ezinye izinketho

Yilokho izinkomba eziyisisekelo ukuthi udinga khumbula uma usebenzisa indlela wathola ukuphathwa ukubaluleka phrojekthi. Isibonelo kungaba azibonile uqale manje - kodwa kungcono ukuhlala isikhashana futhi babone ambalwa izinkomba ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezingeni echwepheshile, uma ufuna ukuthola imiphumela olunemininingwane ethe xaxa. Ngokwesibonelo, izazi futhi wethula Bac sibalo, okuhambelana isamba isabelomali umsebenzi wonke uyophela - nokuthi ezinye nemingcele zihlobene ke. Kuyinto Inkomba ye-EAC, esimelela "ukuzihlola ekupheleni." Ibonisa onjani izindleko ungalindela ukuthola ngenxa iphrojekthi ngqo inikezwe okwamanje. Uma inkomba odlule kukusiza uzulazule esifanayo, kulokho isimo iphrojekthi nganoma yingasiphi esinikezwe ngesikhathi, lesi sibalo (futhi kamuva) kuzokusiza abale idatha eqinisekile ngesikhathi beqeda phrojekthi.

Ngakho, nokuhlolwa ekupheleni ibalwa sokuhlukanisa lemali ebekelwe ukubaluleka Inkomba imisebenzi. Njengoba yokuqondisa le NJLL, ekubonisa kokuhlaziywa ekupheleni, okungukuthi, kungakanani Kuzothatha ngikwazi ukuqeda lo msebenzi. Kulinganiselwa ngokukhipha kusukela ukulinganisela ekupheleni inzuzo yangempela yonke imisebenzi. Kahle, omunye ngaphezulu ipharamitha - Vac. Lokhu ukuphambuka esukela ekupheleni isabelomali, okungukuthi inketho elikuvumela ukuba abale kokuhamba kulindeleke kusukela isabelomali ngesikhathi beqeda phrojekthi. It ingatholakala ngokukhipha kusukela inani ukulinganisela isabelomali ukuqedela. Yilokho konke okudingayo ukuze ukwazi mayelana le ndlela - manje sekuyisikhathi cabangela isibonelo esikhethekile.

isicelo Isibonelo

Ngokwemvelo, Ungowokuqala okuxhunyanwa naye ngale ndlela asikho isidingo ekuthatheni iyiphi iphrojekthi real - kungcono ukuthatha isibonelo lula ukuthi sizophendula ngokucacile ngamunye nemingcele kuchaziwe ngenhla. Ngakho, lokho okushiwo yinkulumo phrojekthi okulandelayo - kubalulekile ukwakha izindonga ezine, imali kuyinto $ 800 izinsuku ezine. Lena lonke ulwazi ukuthi kungase kudingeke enqubeni. Kulesi sibonelo, i-wathola ukubaluleka indlela isetshenziswa esekuficile esiteji ekupheleni ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, ngosuku lwesithathu yephrojekthi.

Kuphela ezimbili nengxenye izindonga, kodwa isabelomali 560 dollar sasetshenziswa lakhiwa izinsuku ezintathu. Kunengqondo ukuthi esingaphansi ulwazi lokuthi uhleleni - kodwa wawenziwa kancane. Ngakho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasebenzi ukubhekana kahle umsebenzi walo? Kulapha futhi anisize le ndlela. Okokuqala okudingeka ukuqaqa izinkomba ezintathu eziyisisekelo - i-PV, EV futhi AC. Eyokuqala $ 600, ngoba ngosuku lwesithathu sihlelwe ukuchitha okuningi. II - 500, kusukela ngo-ukuthi singakanani kufanele ziye esichithwa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ezimbili nesigamu. Kodwa eyesithathu - $ 560, okungukuthi ungakanani umsebenzi esichithwa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ezimbili nesigamu ngosuku lwesithathu yephrojekthi. Futhi, singakwazi ngokushesha uqaphele sibalo Bac - kuba $ 800, isabelomali Imininingwane yephrojekthi. Nokho, sekuyisikhathi ukubala ukuphambuka - ngesikhathi futhi izindleko. 500 lokususa 560 zamaRandi - lokususa $ 60, okungukuthi, uma ivuliwe kakhulu kwaba isabelomali overdrawn. $ 500 lokususa $ 600 - uthole lokususa eziyikhulu zamadola, okungukuthi, kukhona ngemuva schedule. Sekuyisikhathi ukwenza izibalo esinembile, okungukuthi, ukubala CPI futhi ye-SPI. Uma ehlukanisa $ 500 ukuze 560 zamadola, uthola 0.89, okungukuthi, dollar elilodwa ichithwa esikhundleni 89 amasenti - dollar ngalinye uhamba iyenqa ka amasenti 11. Uma ehlukanisa $ 500 ukuze $ 600, uthola 0.83 - okusho ukuthi izinga intuthuko yephrojekthi ebangela 83 wamaphesenti izinga ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ngayinye kuphela.

Yilokho - manje uthola yonke imiphumela ukhiye bese unombono lokho state iphrojekthi yakho ngosuku eqondile ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Manje kungenzeka ukubala nemingcele ezisele - EAC, NJLL futhi Vac. Kususelwa ekupheleni - lokhu 800 ehlukaniswa 0,89. It kuvela ukuthi ngaleli zinga iphrojekthi ekupheleni-ke inani elilinganisiwe imisebenzi kuyinto $ 900 esikhundleni 800. Ukuhlolwa ukuqedela - 900 lokususa 560, okungukuthi zamadola 340. Yilokho kangakanani kulinganiselwa uzodinga ukuqeda le phrojekthi. Nokho, ukuphambuka kokuqedwa kuyoba 800 lokususa 900 - lokususa $ 100, okusho ukuthi, isabelo overdrawn ku eziyikhulu zamadola. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho wathola ukubaluleka indlela kusetshenziswa khona esigabeni design, zingahluka kusuka ngenhla - le ndlela kuyinto okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi ingasetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isigaba.