U-Abraham Lincoln. Umongameli wase-US, nendima yakhe nokuqeda ubugqila

U-Abraham Lincoln - umongameli we -United States of America, nesithupha ilandelana. Wabusa ezweni kusukela 1861 kuya 1865, futhi le nkathi kwaphawulwa shift enkulu ohlangothini yokuba uhulumeni wentando yeningi. Yayiyini lo muntu na? Singasho ukuthi biography Lincoln sika - ". American Dream" ubufakazi elikhethiwe ngokoqobo Lona indoda yangempela selfmade, ngubani usezuze yonke into ekuphileni kuphela umsebenzi wakhe futhi ithalente. Wazalwa ngo-1909, indodana abampofu basemazweni okufika umlimi, lapho isifike eziphakemeyo isitebhisi kwezenhlalo, iphethwe Republican Party (1854) futhi waba umholi wezwe.

Umgomo wayo, kanye lokubona ukugcwaliseka kwezifiso zawo, uMongameli Lincoln kwaba isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. On ukuthuthukisa ubuntu bakhe kuthonywa izici eziningi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 ubudala waphelelwa unina. Usingamama wagxilisa Abrahama abasha ukufunda nothando lokufunda. Lendlu wawuyizingalo incwadi eyodwa kuphela - iBhayibheli, umfana wafunda ngekhanda. Ngokuzayo kuba lwati loluphelele imiBhalo yamsiza ngokuphindaphindiwe kuye njengesikhulumi sasobala. kungabhekisela enjalo emangalisayo lasetshenziswa kubalaleli.

Ephoqelekile ukuba akwazi ukuziphilisa e umsebenzi onzima odinga amandla, u-Abraham Lincoln - umongameli esikhathini esizayo - sizifundise. Encwadini yakhe ukubukwa yezombusazwe kakhulu kuthonywa imisebenzi French Ukukhanyiselwa izibalo, kanye uBenjamin Franklin noTomase Jefferson. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, le nsizwa waqaphela ukuthi ubugqila - into eyihlazo ukuthi kumelwe ziqedwe. naye lo mbono, uma Lincoln umkhaya wathuthela Illinois ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Lesi simo Sekuphele iminyaka 12 njengoba ubugqila uyekwa. Inqubomgomo kaMengameli Lincoln owokuqala wathatha e 1832, lapho kumenyezelwa candidacy yakhe okhethweni endlini engezansi Illinois Whig. Kube wasifinyelela ithandwa kangaka ukuthi ngokuphindaphindiwe ayakhethwa kathathu. Ngo-1856 e-United States, iqembu elisha - eRepublican, futhi Lincoln iza zaba izigaba zalo. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, azithoba candidacy yakhe ukhetho US Senate. Ngu isiko, ukhetho kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe inkulumo mpikiswano lapho Lincoln skhlesnulsya nge imbangi yakhe S. Douglas. Nakuba kunqoba baya yokugcina, kuba "indlu eyahlukene yodwa", enikelwe indaba yobugqila eMelika, wakhiphela u-Abrahama ukuba isigaba izibalo esiseqophelweni eliphezulu kwezepolitiki.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-1860 i-ngokhetho phakathi ezine ukhetho wahlulwa Lincoln. Umongameli wase-US uthatha izintambo ngo-isikhashana nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Ngo-1861, kusho eningizimu limenyezelwe secession. Lincoln wazama ukwenza ukuthula izinyathelo nengxenye, ememezela ngokuthi uhulumeni Akahlosile ukugxambukela umthetho kahulumeni bese yokuqeda ubugqila, kodwa wala waphetha uyifake ezindaweni ezintsha. Ngo-1862, it ivume Homestead Mthetho, ehlinzekela Vesting zonke isakhamuzi esabelweni umhlaba. Lesi senzo akusiqinisi ngesisekelo latifundia incekukazi ubambe.

Kodwa ukuphila yenze ezinye izinguquko. ngokushesha Kwavela ukuthi ukuchuma kwezomnotho yezwe awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela nokuqeda ubugqila kulo lonke leli zwe. Ukunqoba phezu Confederates alethwe Lincoln udumo omkhulukazi phakathi kwabantu, kodwa ngo-1865, isakhamuzi sakule umlingisi South George. W. Booth wenza umzamo ukuba "kusho uCaptain" (ngakho wambiza imbongi Uolt Uitmen), wadutshulwa ngenhlamvu eyodwa ekhanda. Memory kaMengameli umfel 'ukholo, owabulawa ngenxa nokuqeda ubugqila e-United States, immortalized Washington. ESikhumbuzweni ngo ngemabula libonisa ngokucacile indima eyadlalwa izwe lakhe Avraam Linkoln, uMongameli. Izithombe, walondoloza kusukela esikhathini asibonise indoda nje kuphela ukukhula okusezingeni eliphezulu (1.90 m), kodwa futhi imicabango. abayizigidi ezine baseMelika sibonga kuye inkululeko yabo.