Ubani owasungula le ikhampasi: impendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze umbuzo olula.

Sikunikeza ukuqagela imfumbe:

Awunayo ulahleke endleleni,

Sibambe ibhokisi ngenaliti kazibuthe on the sesundu.

ngeke It ungavali umzila

Futhi kuholela lapho uya khona.

Ungakwazi kalula ukuqagela, yebo, ukuthi lokhu - khampasi. Lena kwinto yami enhle kakhulu, okuyinto ngokufanelekile kungokwalabo esigabeni ka ezine ezisunguliwe esikhulu kunazo zonke isintu, walondoloza futhi isetshenziselwe namuhla. Compass yidivayisi navigation kuqala, okwamsiza amatilosi sikwazi ukuchusha okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ingqikithi isakhiwo yekhampasi - inaliti kazibuthe, ogibele umgodi encane futhi akwazi ukujikisa ngokukhululekile kuzo zonke izindawo. Amaphuzu umcibisholo North isigxobo kazibuthe. Ngokuhambisana indawo yayo ebalazweni enye izinto emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, sebenzisa yini ikhampasi ukuze Orient hhayi kuphela emanzini kodwa ezweni.

Umbuzo ka lapho ikhampasi yasungulwa futhi owasungula ikhampasi, impendulo ngqo akunandaba. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kodwa kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukutholakala esekelwe yensimbi uzibuthe isiqondiso, kungokwalabo China. wafana Compass ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa orientation uma ushayela odabula ithafa eliwugwadule. Ukuphakama kokusungulwa futhi idivayisi lapho izwe owasungula le ikhampasi, inselele amaNdiya, amaNtaliyane, ama-Arabhu, isiFulentshi. Kuzo zonke agumenti futhi ubufakazi ezinganembile samanje, ukungafani. Ngeshwa, ukuze ezisekhona izahlulelo, amarekhodi kule ukutholakala kuphela isethulo ososayensi nekucabangela mayelana owasungula ikhampasi hhayi ubufakazi ezinqala.

Ngekhulu lesithathu leminyaka BC, kakade kwakukhona incazelo yokuqala ikhampasi, elingelakwaJuda amaShayina usosayensi Hen Fei tzu. Kwaba nesimo spoon ophucuziwe nge isibambo, okuyinto wabekwa ipuleti ngokhuni noma ithusi. On ukukhanya Umhlahlandlela ipuleti aye atholakala. Ufaka isipuni esigcwele magnetite ukuze sihlume asisho uthinte indiza, yaqala ukujikisa. Uhlangothi ukukhanya bakhomba Isiqu emva stop ezimele ke saba eningizimu.

Kukhona nganekwane Chinese owasungula ikhampasi. Phakathi nokubusa umbusi Huang Di kwaba impi enkulu, lapho umoya omubi ngosizo magic athukulule ethe obukhulu. Kulesi sikhundla, amasosha akakwazanga ukulwa: abakwazanga ukubona lutho simngungile, akazange aqonde lapho ezingemuva futhi ngaphambili lapho. Kusenjalo, isitha avele aphume inkungu futhi walishushisa kabuhlungu ngokwedlulele buhlungu ebulalayo. Isimo engangibhekene naso esidabukisayo kakhulu. eyodwa kuphela isikhulu esiphakeme okuthiwa Feng-hou ehlezi enqoleni yakhe, futhi ukucabanga. Wayefunda i-indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo. Kwakudingekile beveza okuthile okuzosiza ukuzulazula ekukhanyeni. Le ndoda yayingeve kuhlakaniphile kakhulu. Ngaphansi indumo impi inqola usuphelelwe isikhathi futhi usethe sibalo wakhe indoda yensimbi kancane, ohlale wakhomba nengalo yakhe eyeluliwe eningizimu, nakuba ematfuba lapho inqola. Feng Hou bese kubhekwa nganekwane we-ikhampasi kuqala.

Idivayisi kazibuthe ngenxa yokuzimisela ezinhlangothini yokukhanya emini kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala encwadini Chinese sangomhla ngonyaka 1044. engu-44 kancane ikhampasi ngcono kuchazwe umsebenzi wakhe usosayensi Chinese Shen Ko. Okwamanje, le nguqulo kuba ukuthi abaqambi lokuqala ikhampasi yayimane nje Chinese embuzweni. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi yinye nje kwaphela - Chinese ababecabanga isimiso yekhampasi kwabokuqala. Ekhulwini XI esikebheni imikhumbi Chinese kakade ikhampasi samanje.

Europe ngajwayelana yafika elimangalisayo, sibonga abathengisi Arab ekuqaleni kwekhulu XXII. Kakade ekhulwini XI ku yonke imikhumbi abathengisi - Arabhu babe ikhampasi. Khona-ke nekhampasi kwaba endishini amanzi lapho wahamba ipulangwe lokhuni noma tube ufakwa ngayo umcibisholo uzibuthe. (Arabic isikebhe ikhampasi senziwe ngendlela yensimbi inhlanzi, okuyinto lapho emanzini baye babonisa ngokungaguquguquki enyakatho.) Ngemva Arabhu waqala ukusebenzisa amatilosi ikhampasi e-Italy, eSpain, ePortugal, eFrance, eJalimane, e-England. Ngosizo kulekhampasi, ungase uthole ukuthi lapho ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhampasi ukuze kube lula ukuyichaza ikhava ingilazi.

Okuthuthukisiwe imodeli ikhampasi yasungulwa Italian Flavio Dzhoyya ekhulwini XIV. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlonza kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, wasikisela ukuba baphule kwesiyingi ikhampasi ibe izingxenye eziyishumi nesithupha. Wabuye ngcono umsebenzi Ukujikeleza ngokungeza umcibisholo stud.

Ukuze wazi kahle owasungula ikhampasi, sesivele Akunakwenzeka. kwanje ningi khonondo ngakho muva nje. Enye into icacile: idivayisi elula lihlakaniphile ekusizeni ukwenza isintu igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili ekuthuthukisweni yayo.