UBaltasar Gracian: aphorisms kanye biography

UBaltasar Gracian - umlobi abavelele Spanish kwekhulu le-17. Yena ngempumelelo kuhlanganiswe nemisebenzi engokomoya wokuziphilisa - kwaba umpristi ongumJesuit sefilosofi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ifa washiya incwadi enhle kakhulu, ezingafinyelela iqoqo kwezincwadi Spanish futhi namanje imisebenzi zakudala kwesikhathi Baroque.

biography

Ngokwe olwazini olungaphelele, uBaltasar Gracian wazalwa ngo 1601 e Belmonte, Spain. Wayeyindodana udokotela ompofu wasemaphandleni, kanye kusukela zisencane wayengumuntu isiphetho azigcinele umpristi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1619, umalume wakhe wamsiza ukubhalisa esikoleni ka amaJesuit ka Huesca futhi Calatayud. Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, Grasian UBaltasar ngokuzimela wafunda lolimi kanye nefilosofi emizini Girona futhi Kallatayuda, e 1623 yena waba nenhlanhla ukuba isitshudeni sase-University of Zaragoza, lapho wazinikela cwaningo wezenkolo.

Ngemva kokuphothula inyuvesi, umbhali esizayo baba umfundisi mpendulo futhi lolimi ekolishi Kalalyutuda. Ngo-1631 kwathi lapho umuntu edlula baqeqeshwa ngo esikoleni of amaJesuit, lapho silungiselela abashumayeli izono.

imvelo etemibhalo

Ngo 1636, uBaltasar Gracian waqala esigabeni esisha zokuphila kwakhe. Wayelethwa lixhumene hambisa emzini Huesca, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku kwaba elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile yamasiko sifundazwe wase-Aragon. Ukuthutha zihlotshaniswa aphoyintimenti entsha - ethempelini wendawo Grasianu kwadingeka ukuba umshumayeli. Kulapha azalelwa amagama amasha emkhakheni isiko, izincwadi nezobuciko, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya isimo UBaltasar Gracian wanquma ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala etemibhalo.

Indatshana "Hero"

indatshana yakhe yokuqala Gracian ngokuthi "Hero". Lo msebenzi tetemibhalo yalotshwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngo nje ngonyaka ngemva kokuthuthela Huesca. usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa ngokubhala umlobi indatshana esizayo wayengumngane ocebile futhi onethonya, njengoba ayephethe umtapo esihle. "Hero" - isibonelo esihle medieval temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba didactic, engivusa ngayo, njengasencwadini esibukweni, abonisa ngayo isithunzi esifana nezimfanelo zokuziphatha ukuthi kufanele kube labo abafuna baqashelwa ontanga yabo. Nale umsebenzi Gracian basungula isihloko ifilosofi sokuziphatha. I indatshana yanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwegama Lorenzo Gracian, owayeyilungu umzala Balthazar, ngoba, ngokuvumelana ngezimiso Order, amaJesuit yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo, abangasizakalanga ngakho kwaba self-ukucwaninga.

"Pocket usho"

Sefilosofi esidumile kakhulu alethwe iqoqo sakhe izingcaphuno kanye aphorisms, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Pocket egumbini." Linikeza aphorisms UBaltasar Gracian futhi Morales, abanikela ifomu yabo umfundi behlakaniphile ukuba kube ukuhlakanipha kanye nesineke. Ngokwesibonelo, Izikhumbuzo eyaziwa Gracian ezifana:

• "Ngisho kunengonyama efileyo onogwaja khahlela";
• "A isikhathi evumayo ukuhola isikhathi eziningi komgwaqo";
• "Usuzenzile ngokushesha - ngokushesha wabhubhisa";
• "Akufanele yini kube njalo Isiqhingi: fun okuphakade - imbangela ukuphazamiseka";
• "Ayikwazi ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi icala - enkingeni esingaphansi hhayi ukuqala ngaso sonke kunjalo, ngoba kusukela onakala emi amanzi hhayi egijima".

Okunjalo moralizing iDemo inkulumo encwadini impela eningi. UBaltasar Gracian, ogama amazwi babe ephapheme ngakho futhi behlakaniphile, isibe aziwayo futhi ethandwa ngokushesha. Against ngemuva kwezincwadi zibuthuntu zenkolo amazwi akhe ngaleyo ndlela umoya wamanzi aphilayo, okuyinto nintule imfundo Spanish. Pocket Egumbini yayidumile kakhulu eSpain phesheya - ngesikhathi impilo UBaltasar Gracian umsebenzi encane etemibhalo liye lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu.

Phezulu ithalente

Futhi Grasian UBaltasar, futhi ababemgxeka ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu umsebenzi oyinhloko inoveli lokhu komlobi "Carper". Ibonisa Gracian umbono siqu kufanele sibe yini ukuthi leli zwe elisizungezile. Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi iphiko obabuvamile kakhulu endulo sihambile, lapha, e iminyaka eyinkulungwane, uBaltasar wanquma ukubuyela kuleli fomu netindzaba leticocwako. Izinhlamvu main emelelwa ubunjalo namasiko njengezifanekiselo reflection ngokucophelela futhi ngokubhuduzela nokuguqulwa. Ekupheleni eyibhalela ephetha ngokuthi imvelo asiphelele, futhi ekugcineni isiko kulondolozwa emhlabeni futhi kuholela ukungafi. Njengezinye imisebenzi yakhe, le ndaba eqanjiwe ngeke ungene ngemvume igama lomunye umuntu.

uBaltasar ifa

Nale minyaka eyishumi edlule impilo yakhe enikelwe ngokubhala Gracian "Kritikona" kuyinto yobuningi bomsebenzi, ukukhuluma indima yomuntu kwi-ekuphileni kwanamuhla. umsebenzi wokuziphilisa ilethe kumbhali udumo okukhulu nodumo, kodwa nawukuthi kakhulu ongumJesuit Order, ogama ukuphathwa akazange asijabulele lesi imisebenzi ebhaliwe lompristi.

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe kumpristi siyoba ubhale nento eyodwa, ngemvume ngegama lakhe siqu - UBaltasar Gracian. Izincwadi eshicilelwe ngaphambi, kakade sidabula izwe, kodwa abanye babo esisemthethweni kukhona ababhali. Ngo indatshana yakhe "Imicabango isakramente," umlobi ku isizinda umcabango ngesimanga nje samacala angokwenkolo renounces emisebenzini yakhe siqu etemibhalo. It kwakufanele kwenziweni, kusukela Order of the isiqondiso ukubekezela amaJesuit yabhujiswa. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva kufika ingxenye yokugcina "Kritikona" ngokungangabazeki ingeyamakhosi ngothi Balthazar, futhi umlobi kuqulwa icala lakhe. Ubizwa ophucwa lokushumayela sochinitelstvovat, ithunyelwa edolobheni yesifundazwe lapho uhlala ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kwabazalwane ongumJesuit. Gracian ukuphila okunjalo wahluleka basinde - wafa Disemba 6, 1658, ngemva kokuphila isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka ngemva inkantolo ongumJesuit.