Njengoba Cossacks wahlala. Umlando Russia: Cossacks

into enjalo emlandweni, njengoba Cossacks, kubhebhethekiswe ku abalazi yesimanje indoda ukukhanya isihenqo imfihlakalo, puzzle ngisho uhlobo nezimfihlakalo. Laba bantu namahemuhemu zonke lokukholisa - kusukela ezisunguliwe kungazwakali iningi lalezi-legends.

Akubuzwa kangaki Cossacks ivele emakhasini amabhuku, amafilimu babe namaqhawe. Omunye uchungechunge animated mayelana ukuzidela kwabo kuwufanele okuthile!

Ekugcineni, omningi ucwaningo zomlando kunqophe indlela Cossacks wahlala, yizo, njengoba alwa ngalo eceleni.

Bangobani

Kukhona nje izinguqulo ngobunjalo umsuka bale uhlobo amabutho ayengatholakali nesikhathi khona kwabo njengoba injalo yasekuqaleni futhi ngemva kwaso. Abanye baze bathi lo Cossacks okuqala ayengelona kuphela serfs nombaleki futhi Old Amakholwa, ungafisi ukuthatha umoya izikhathi gone emaphethelweni isimo.

Abanye, ngokuhlaziya indlela Cossacks wahlala, absented ukuba abantu abakhululekile yokuhlanganisa emiphakathini ethile futhi baye bakhetha ethize kakhulu, into engavamile ukuba umsebenzi isikhathi. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "nagaechnikami", futhi ekugcineni ngoba amehlo wayezimisele kuphela ngokuthi "Izinja we autocracy."

Ukuzama ukunquma indlela Cossacks wahlala, abakwenzayo futhi kwavela kanjani, izazi-mlando waphendukela ekutadisheni izici zokuphila kwabo, endaweni isichazamazwi esithile bazama ukuthola umsuka laba bantu, wafundiswa imibhalo yesandla lapho ukuthi kukhulunywa ngabo. Konke lokhu, kodwa, akazange asinikeza impendulo ecacile - imicabango yabantu, njengoba kulindelwe, ihlukaniswe. Abanye abarhubhululi umsuka Cossacks we Tatar uhlanga, ihehe azosebenzisa amahhashi. Okunye (isibonelo, Oxford) babekholelwa abalimi zabo Russian runaway nabantu elula bashushiswa ngenxa nje yezinkolelo zabo.

Ngokombono kwezilimi buka,

Okuningi noma okuncane eduze sokuqonda izimfihlakalo umsuka Cossacks avunyelwe, Isimanga siwukuthi, izazi zezilimi. Baye sinqume ukuthi amazwi esavela isiRashiya ngaphansi kwethonya Cossacks, etymologically ngalutho ne izimpande Turkic. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bathi usukela emuva zezigodi lasendulo, isici Sarmatians namaSkithe. Ejwayelekile kulesi sici angamagama indawo kufakwe isiRashiya ngaphansi kwethonya Cossacks: Don, iDanube nezinye amagama emifuleni.

Inani igama elithi "Cossack 'nayo kunqunywa. Ngalo kanye nesakhiwo engasho lutho yayo wabeka: isici impande "az" kungenziwa akhiwa izwi yesimanje "khulula" kanye nesijobelelo "ac" kusho ngemvelaphi Isiphawulo kusukela ibizo. Ngakho, igama elithi sisonke ungayithola enye ngokuba ukuqonda inhlanganisela "indoda khulula".

Yayiyini umsebenzi wabo

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, Cossacks ekuqaleni ixazululwe emaphethelweni lizwe, simo namanje indawo evulekile. Owenza mphakathi omncane bese iyaqhubeka yanda, bakha siqu indlela yabo ethile yokuphila, yalelozwe, ubuhlobo imvelo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Cossacks wahlala ekuqaleni, ukuze asinakekele ngokwanele leli qiniso kakade.

Kasibili Akungabazeki ukuthi kokuba "evicted" komngcele kwelinye izwe, babengenazo into kodwa avikele indawo yayo ngokumelene ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle. Ekuqaleni, izenzo ezinjalo yayidingeka, bese liphenduke hlobo lwenkonzo, okuyiwona isimo wayezimisele ukukhokha.

Kungani kuzuzisa babambisane nabo

Njengoba kubaluliwe phambilini, lokhu abantu inkululeko abathanda babhekana kahle nge ekumeleleni isikhala ezabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cossacks empini futhi ekhaya bazibonakalisa ngempela umxhwele - balufunda asemaqeleni, kancane kancane ngokuba amandla kwangempela esinamandla. Ukwandisa amandla abo akakwazanga ukumsiza kodwa ukhathazeke ibhodi nokuphishekela phezulu zifuna ukubaqeda, ekubhujisweni ingqongqo ezisengozini ukulahlekelwa enkulu ngokwanele. Isixazululo kuphela, kuyazuzisa zombili, kwaba ukwamukelwa Cossacks emsebenzini womphakathi, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanele kwenziwe, njengoba umlando ubonisa.

ukunxenxa lokuqala

Amaqiniso babambisane nenkani, inkululeko-kothando abantu uyaziqhenya namanxusa ibhodi eziningi. Inkomba yokuqala kwathatha kwahulumeni kubhekwa sisekelo, ezibhaliwe Ivanom Groznym, owawuthi, Don Cossacks waba yingxenye yempi wasebukhosini.

Kuyinto lapha, leli qiniso, inkathi entsha yaqala ngo udaba wokubambisana lempi. I Cossacks abehora ngokusemthethweni ukuvikela imingcele eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibutho isibe ekhula, ukwandisa Holdings zabo, ukwakha Ezindaweni ezintsha kwi amalungelo abanikazi ephezulu grade emazweni esabiwe. Don Cossacks matasa ogwini ezivulekile Seversky eDonets, Bear, Buzuluk nezinye nemingenela.

indlela yokuphila

Ekuqaleni, bale uhlobo amabutho unikwe cishe yonke inkululeko ngokuphelele, ebonakaliswa self-ukuzimela ukuchaza inkolo yabo, izici zokuphila, ulimi ukuphila. Cossacks Russian kancane kancane aqala ukuphelelwa amalungelo abo, sishiya amasosha sokuya empini e izinceku, sibophekile ukuba silalele lo umyalo wombusi ukuphila.

Kuhlelwa kabusha 1798 umehluko phakathi kwawo lonke empi cishe angabekwa. Cossacks Russia abantu empeleni akhiwa kwamasosha, ezinhlwini lempi bavumelane owamukelwa. Ngakho, esikhundleni uCaptain uvele izinduna Khorunzhiy esikhundleni uzobajayela nobuxhaka zwe.

Kusukela ngo-1835, umlando we Cossacks ithole entsha, ngempela ube esejika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye yaleli ukulwa ingalo ukuzimela utholiwe ngokoMthetho ukuphila zedivayisi. nemizana Cossack kwaba sasikhungo avaliwe bangaphandle indawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiyofundela ezempi wawuqala kulokhu iminyaka engu-18 kuya kwezingu-43, kodwa i-isimemezelo sakhe sasebukhosini uphathisa ifa ngabanikazi bomhlaba hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi lesi yisiqu esibhekisela kwamadoda asebukhosini, ngisho zabo serfs.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umlando we Cossacks kwakukhona izinguquko eziningi e isiqondiso emihle noma emibi. Nabo isimo sabo kushintsha njalo, ukuthola zonke izici ezintsha. Into eyodwa uhlala ingashintshiwe - nendima eyadlalwa la maqhawe emlandweni Russia.