Ubudala izici izingane iminyaka 4-5: Psychology

Ubudala iminyaka esuka kwemine kuya kwemihlanu - emaphakathi nenkathi pre-school. He is a sigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwengane. Lena inkathi ukukhula okukhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa umzimba wengane. Kulesi sigaba, lishintsha kakhulu ubunjalo ingane ngenkuthalo ngcono amakhono yobuchopho kanye nokuxhumana. Kukhona yobudala izici ezithile izingane iminyaka 4-5 of GEF, okuyinto umane badinga ukwazi abazali, ekuthuthukiseni kanye nemfundo izingane zasenkulisa ukuthi yenziwe ivumelane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane njengoba zikhula uyohlale uthole ulimi enifana ngakho nontanga yabo.

izici Physical ka

Ngokwesilinganiso zasenkulisa yobudala amandla ngokomzimba ukwanda ingane kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuhlobanisa izinto, ukunyakaza eqiniseka kakhudlwana. Lokhu igcina isidingo njalo ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Ngezenzo asathuthuka motor amakhono, ngokuvamile, preschooler isilinganiso iba emincanyana kakhudlwana futhi esheshayo kuqhathaniswa kwabasebasha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izici yobudala izingane zeminyaka 4-5 abanjalo ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kumele dosed, ngakho wabona ukuthi kwakungekhona okwakhe ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisipha sikhule ngalesi sikhathi, noma ukudla, kodwa engalingani, ngakho ingane uyakhathala ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, izingane kufanele banikwe isikhathi sokuphumula.

Ngokuqondene ijubane ngokomzimba, bethabathela kominyaka imashumi 4 kuya ku-6, abazange kakhulu ukushintsha. Ngokwesilinganiso, akhulela phakathi nonyaka ngo 5-7 cm nokuthola 1,5-2 kg. Kukhona ukukhula nokuthuthuka zonke izitho nomzimba izinhlelo zezingane.

ukuthuthukiswa nangokwengqondo wengane

Lapho eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 4-5 yentuthuko okusheshayo izinqubo ezihlukahlukene engqondo: inkumbulo, ukunakwa, bezibona, nabanye. Isici esibalulekile wukuthi ziba baqaphela ngokwengeziwe, ngokungenasizathu: nokukhuthazela okukhuthazela, okuyinto kuyoba usizo esikhathini esizayo.

Kucabanga sici ingane manje ngokucacile ezilungiswe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi kunezenzo esisebenzayo, uhlamvu abanolwazi. Kubo, ukubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba zikhula ukucabanga kuba generalized kanye zasenkulisa ubudala kancane kancane liphenduka lwamazwi okunengqondo. Ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa umthamo inkumbulo: wakwazi ukukhumbula inkondlo kancane noma umyalelo omdala. randomness Ukwandiswa nokuzinza ukunakwa: esikoleni can isikhathi esifushane (imizuzu 15-20) amehlo wahlanganyela yimuphi umsebenzi.

Ikhumbula izici oshiwo ngenhla izingane yobudala engamashumi 4-5, othisha zasenkulisa ungakha izimo ekuthuthukiseni elikhiqizayo futhi evumelanayo ingane.

Indima umdlalo

imisebenzi Fun uhlala isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ingane, kodwa kuba eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa esemncane. Inani lezingane ehilelekile ukwanda zokuxhumana. Kukhona ezinezihloko Ekwenza Umlingiswa game. Ubudala izici izingane zeminyaka 4-5 abanjalo ukuthi maningi amathuba ukuxhumana nontanga ka ubulili babo. Girls banjengomkhaya nezihloko kwansuku (Omama Madodakazi, esitolo). Abafana uthanda ukudlala amatilosi, amasosha, Knights. Kulesi sigaba, izingane ziqala ukuba ahlele umncintiswano wokuqala, lwela ukuba iphumelele.

lokusungula

Ongakutshela ojahidada Isilinganiso ngenjabulo ukufunda izinhlobo ezahlukene umsebenzi wokudala. Ingane ukukwenza lwendaba yokumodela, Appliqué. Omunye imisebenzi main kuba yisakhiwo sodumo. Ubudala izici izingane iminyaka 4-5 of GEF basikisela ukuthi ngalesi preschooler esiteji kakade possessed motor emihle elikuvumela ukudweba ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngonanzelelo ngokuningiliziwe. Figure iba esebenzisa inkulumo zokudala.

Isilinganiso pre-schooler ungabhala inganekwane encane noma ingoma, baqonde ukuthi imvumelwano, futhi uzisebenzisela. Bright fantasy umcabango ungakha universes wonke ekhanda noma uyibhala engenalutho iphepha, okuthi uma ingane ingaphakathi bazikhethele noma iyiphi indima.

zokukhuluma

Phakathi nenkathi, isilinganiso pre-school kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yokukhuluma amakhono. Ngcono kakhulu yokubiza umsindo, silulumagama ngenkuthalo ezikhulayo, ukufinyelela amazwi kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili nokuningi. Inkulumo yobudala izici izingane iminyaka 4-5 avumela ukuba kube uyiqaphuqaphu kakhudlwana futhi ngokugcwele ukuxhumana nontanga yabo.

Lo mntwana kakade bakwazi lwaleli noma ukuthi into, ukuchaza imizwa yabo, ukuphinda uyixoxe umbhalo encane tetemibhalo, ukuphendula imibuzo omdala. Kulesi sigaba yentuthuko, izingane zifunda isakhiwo yolimi: baqonde futhi kahle zisebenzisa bondzaweni, ufunde ukwakha imisho kuyinkimbinkimbi nokunye. Thuthukisa inkulumo ngalokulingene.

Ukuxhumana ontanga kanye nabantu abadala

Ngokwesilinganiso zasenkulisa yobudala kubaluleke kakhulu kukhona oxhumana nontanga. Uma ngaphambili umntwana kwadingeka zokudlala ezanele futhi yokukhulumisana nabazali, kodwa khathesi-ke kudingeka uhlanganyele nabanye abantwana. Kukhona isidingo kwandisa ukuqashelwa kanye nenhlonipho kontanga. Ukuxhumana ngokuvamile kuhlobene neminye imisebenzi (sokudlala, sokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela). Kukhona abangane lokuqala okukuye ingane ixhumana kalula kakhulu.

Eqenjini izingane sebeqala ukuba lo mncintiswano futhi abaholi kuqala. Ukuxhumana ontanga ngokuvamile isimo. Ukuxoxa nabantu abadala, ngokuphambene kungaphezu isimo esithile bese kuba abstract ngaphezulu. Ingane ubona abazali njengenhlangano mthombo ongashi ulwazi olusha futhi onegunya, + ngakho-ke usetha ezihlukahlukene ezindabeni. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi pre-school izingane uhlangabezana inesidingo esikhethekile ekunyusweni futhi wakhubeka ngalesi amazwana yokuthi uma abayiqapheli imizamo yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu omdala amalungu omkhaya awuboni the izici yobudala izingane iminyaka 4-5. Memo ukuba abazali, abafundisi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yakhiwa izikhungo pre-school, ukusiza ekwakheni inkhulumomphendvulwano nengane kahle nangempumelelo.

izici ngokomzwelo

Ngalesi ubudala, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa enkulu sphere omkhulu wokudlulisa imizwelo. Sekuyisikhathi sympathies lokuqala nezinto esizithandayo, umqondo ujule kakhulu nokunenjongo ngokwengeziwe. Ingane kungaba ukuqonda isimo sengqondo abantu abadala abaseduze naye, ifunda ukuzwelana.

Izingane zinemizwelo kakhulu mayelana nendlela okufanele umdumise, kanye imibono ebucayi kakhulu futhi sengozini ukuphi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-5, ingane baqale kufanele sibe nesithakazelo ezindabeni ocansini nobulili babo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, esinye sezici oluhlukanisa kweminyaka inikezwe kuxhopha fantasy umcabango. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kungase kuphakame ezihlukahlukene ukwesaba. Ingane ungase wesabe umlingisi kumnandi noma izilo wacabanga. Abazali akudingeki bakhathazeke kakhulu: akuyona inkinga, kodwa kuphela izici yobudala izingane iminyaka 4-5.

Psychology wazi izindlela eziningi zokubhekana nayo kwesaba, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu ubunzima besikhashana kuphela, okuyinto ngokwayo iye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma abazali akuzona ukugxila kuzo noma kusetshenziswe kumntwana ngezinjongo zokufundisa.

Ezemfundo ezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu 4-5

Abasebenzi zasenkulisa izikhungo esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa acabangele izici ngokwengqondo izingane ezineminyaka engu-eminyakeni 4-5. Uhlelo 'Kusukela sazalwa, esikoleni ", okwamanje lisetshenziswa, Igxila ukusungulwa kanye nentuthuko zobuntu.

Kulokhu, izingane amakilasi thematic, echaza imithetho yokuziphatha eqenjini, ekhaya, nasezindaweni zomphakathi, nohlaka zokuphepha, ethuthuka, ekuthuthukiseni imikhuba inhlanzeko nokunye. Kulokhu, inqubo yokufunda kusekelwe umdlalo. Ngakho, othisha tshela ingane imiqondo emisha kanye nemithetho ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ezingabizi futhi ekhangayo kuye, kucatshangelwa izici yobudala izingane iminyaka 4-5. Ngokwe-SDA, isibonelo, ingenziwa amageyimu amaseshini, lapho imithetho yemigwaqo asesimweni vesi, kulula ukuze aqonde futhi akhumbule. Futhi ngalesi yobudala udinga ukwandisa khathizwe wengane nolwazi lwakhe mayelana nezwe.

ukuqeqeshwa

Ekhuluma nemfundo yezingane walonyaka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi salesi sigaba sehluka kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Inkinga yokungabi iminyaka emithathu kuhambe kahle, futhi ingane iba esilalelayo okuningi futhi athambile kunangaphambili. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, izingane zidinga zokuxhumana umnyuziki nabazali. Empeleni, lena izinto eziyisisekelo imfundo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko omdala manje - ukuchaza ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bazibekele isibonelo. Ingane ubamba konke like isiponji, nge ilukuluku owathola eqhubeka ukuba zamukele ulwazi olusha. Abazali kufanele ulalelisise imibuzo eminingi abaphendule, ngoba umndeni, izingane uthole ulwazi lwabo lokuqala mayelana nezwe nendawo yabo kulo.

Manje kudingeka ukubeka izimfanelo zokuziphatha, ukuthuthukisa umntwana umusa, ngezilokotho, Ukuphendula umthwalo, uthando lomsebenzi. Kulesi sigaba, ingane iqala abangane kuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufunda ukuxhumana nontanga yabo: ukubhema, ukuze balwele amalungelo abo, yabelana.

Indima izikhungo pre-school

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okuphumelela emfundweni bungatholakala esimweni Ukubambisana eduze futhi trustful yomndeni kanye zasenkulisa izikhungo, njengoba izingadi abasebenzi zizahlonipha izici yobudala izingane iminyaka 4-5. Iseluleko abazali ingenye yezindlela nokuxhumana okunjalo. Ilungu lomndeni omdala ube ukuqeqeshwa okungenani sakugcina kwengqondo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ingane yakho. Enye indlela njani izici yobudala ezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu 4-5 - umhlangano wabazali. It nabanakekeli nengane sokusebenza kwengqondo namalungu omndeni omdala Ungahlela izimiso eziyisisekelo imfundo futhi nixoxe zonke izingqinamba ezithakazelisayo futhi impikiswano.

Umkhaya - lokhu kubalulekile

Ngokusho umkhuba nengane kwengqondo, umkhaya udlala indima eqakathekileko ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu bengane. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali - into yokuqala ukuthi wabona esakhula izinyane, lena endinganisweni yena ukholelwa okuwukuphela kukaNkulunkulu weqiniso.. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umntwana isibonelo esihle lapho sibhekene omdala.

Abazali kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi eneminyaka engu-zasenkulisa ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo ezinhle ezinjengomusa, ukungakhethi, ukwethembeka, kubeka amanani ukuphila nemibono. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izici yobudala izingane iminyaka 4-5. Usizo emfundweni ngabanye nezimfanelo ezakhayo nazo kumele ngokuhambisana Naphansi zasenkulisa ingane futhi omdala izindima umndeni. Ngakho, unina ifundisa ingane ukuthola izinto esivumelana ngazo, ebucayini, livela ngesisa sakhe, ukunakekelwa nothando. Ubaba uwukwenziwa samuntu ukuze, kuvikelwe ukuphila kwabantu kuyinto nguthisha wokuqala osiza ngokusikhuthaza ukuba siqine futhi ezimisele. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omndeni - ke isici esibaluleke kunazo elithinta indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo wengane futhi konke ukuphila kwakhe.