Uyini izikweletu yangaphandle

kwakhiwa isamba okuyinto ngenxa ye inflow of naleyo ebolekisayo bayohlala emaphandleni - izikweletu kwangaphandle. Mayelana ukufika izimali third-party uyokhokhiswa angabuyisela ukubolekisa, nokubonga, ukubolekisa kanye ukukhokha inzalo. Ubude izikweletu sangaphandle emhlabeni ayizigidi zezigidi ezimbili zamadola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezithathwe emazweni kuphela loans kancane Convertible noma lwemali non-Convertible. Ukuze uthole ezinye izikweletu ngokusemthethweni sangaphandle akuyona inkinga. amandla anjalo ukufeza izibopho zawo ezingokwezimali ukuze non-izakhamizi ngosizo lwemali kazwelonke, ukushintsha ube umuntu wangaphandle. Ngakho, kula mazwe ukukhokha isikweleti zangaphandle onamafa zangaphandle kodwa futhi yangaphakathi hhayi kuphela. Nokho, ngokusho kombiko olungekho emthethweni, lokhu ukuzinikela wezimali omkhulu la mandla.

izikweletu bangaphandle kungasese. Cishe ayisikhombisa namashumi izindodla zezimali. Le mali yakha kwezibopho amabhange kanye nezinkampani.

Kukhona nombono wokuthi "izikweletu sangaphandle isimo." Cishe 1.7 trillion. zamadola. Kumiswa It is kusukela third-party izibopho zezimali zikahulumeni (okubandakanya iziphathimandla zendawo) futhi okuqinisekisiwe wuhulumeni okubhekene third-party engxenyeni ezimele.

Ubukhulu yesikweletu zangaphandle zabaholi kulamazwe alandelayo: naseBrazil, eChina, i-Russia, e-Argentina, eMexico, Turkey, eNingizimu Korea Indonesia. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi, zonke lezi amandla izikweletu kudlulwe eziyikhulu namashumi bhiliyoni, futhi e-Brazil, ngisho dollar angamakhulu amabili bhiliyoni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe Baphawula iqiniso ukuthi izikweletu sangaphandle sisindwa, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza lingakanani, kodwa futhi inkokhelo yemali ebolekwayo.

Kobukhulu ubhale izinkinga ezihilelekile zezimali angabhekwa isibonelo Russia.

Ngokusho idatha uchwepheshe, usayizi izikweletu zangaphandle wezwe ekuqaleni 2004 zazilingana eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nambili dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ngesikhathi izinga lokushintshisana kuqhathaniswa GDP kuyinto 42%, maqondana nokukhishwa yonyaka kwezimpahla namasevisi - 120%. Lezi zinombolo ezibhekwa abalobi njengoba ngokulinganisela.

Kobukhulu isevisi izibopho zezimali kungenziwa kunqunywa nezinye izinto. Ngakho, ngo-2003, i-Russia wachitha (ngokuvumelana uchwepheshe ulinganisela) mayelana amathathu nanhlanu dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Isihlobo ukuba lube umthombo oyinhloko exchange angaphandle - engenayo evela kumasevisi nokuthengiswa kanye nezimpahla - kwaba 23%. umbundu eziyingozi kubhekwa kube inkomba yokuthi 20-25%.

Ochwepheshe ukuthi, naphezu ukuphuthuma inkinga ezikweletini Russia wezangaPhandle, okuqukethwe kwayo (inkinga) kushintshile. Kuze kube manje, ehambisana kakhulu ukuzinikela zezohwebo ezizimele. Ngenxa yalokho, i-inflow abalulekile exchange angaphandle izinqolobane futhi isimo uwoyela isabelomali izimali, izikweletu zomphakathi Russia enokuthambekela shwabanisa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izibopho wezwe wezimali izici ezimbi nje kuphela kodwa futhi omuhle. Ngokuvamile zezomnotho yesimanje ukhombe kobukhulu credit amasevisi, ukuvela kwencika kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho ku abakweletwayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezimali mboleko. Ngokwezinga elikhulu kulesi sikhundla lihlotshaniswa ekuthuthukiseni isikweletu nenhlekelele emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye zezomnotho aveze ukuthi imalimboleko yangaphandle ngcono kakhulu isimo somnotho isimo. New zezimboni amandla asetshenziswa ukuthutheleka third-party naleyo ebolekisayo ekuthuthukiseni yayo okusheshayo.

Kunzima ngokwanele ukuba ubambe ibhalansi phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi emihle nemibi yesikweletu zangaphandle. Nokho, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi ezicini ezinhle ngaphezu kwemiphumela engemihle ezimweni lapho izimali ezibolekwe zabiwa ngempumelelo kangangokuba akukho isevisi nobunzima ezibophweni ezingokwezimali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokusho kongoti, inhlokodolobha loan kufanele ibhekiswe hhayi kakhulu ngokubuyiselwa isabelomali isimo, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali eside emnothweni.