Udoti Isiqhingi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific: izimbangela, imiphumela photo

Esikhathini Pacific, kukhona esiqhingini engavamile ukuthi akufanele kumakwe kunoma iyiphi nebalazwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, endaweni endaweni, egcwele isono wangempela iplanethi yethu, kakade idlula endaweni yaseFrance. Iqiniso lokuthi isintu ukhiqiza kukadoti okwandayo nsuku zonke futhi usibekela indawo entsha hhayi kuphela emhlabeni. Kakhulu izakhamuzi abathintekayo kweMvelo zasemanzini, ukuzizwa kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule, yonke intokozo impucuko.

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abazi ngesimo sangempela omiswe abezemvelo namafa ezingcolile lesintu. Inkinga zonke amatshe zasolwandle, kubabulali umonakalo ongalungiseki imvelo, kungukuthi eyomphakathi, futhi eqinisweni, ngokusho ukubala eseduzane, isisindo plastic, okuyinto ukhulula ezinobuthi, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Njengoba doti uwela olwandle?

Kusho kudoti olwandle, uma umuntu akaphili khona kuphi? Angaphezu kuka 80% imfucuza uwela kusuka emithonjeni eliwumhlaba, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko zabo bakha amabhodlela epulasitiki yamanzi, izikhwama, izinkomishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e kolwandle nokudoba amanetha elahleka emikhunjini iziqukathi. Lezi zinto ezingcolisa umhlaba main abhekwa amazwe amabili - iChina neNdiya, lapho abantu yokulahla imfucuza ngqo emanzini.

Ababili ecaleni plastic

Singasho ukuthi kusukela kokusungulwa plastic, futhi useqale ukungcola ingqikithi green iplanethi. Indaba, okuzokwenza lula kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu, isibe ushevu sangempela umhlaba nolwandle, lapho uthola khona ngemva kokusebenzisa. Ezibolile iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu le plastic ezishibhile, okuyindawo lula kangaka ukuqeda, okubangela umonakalo imvelo.

Kule ndaba, mina ukuphinda iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, Nokho, zemvelo kuphela ekuqaleni 2000 bahlabe umkhosi, ngoba izwe has a izwekazi entsha, ehlanganisa imfucuza. Undercurrents wangqongqoza udoti plastic eziqhingini udoti olwandle, okuyinto bavaleleka uhlobo futhi angikwazi ukuphuma ukudlula lokho. Ngo ncamashi uthi indlela Izinto okuningi okungadingekile igcina iplanethi, akunakwenzeka.

Udoti Isiqhingi ukufa

I yokulahla enkulu, esemgwaqweni elisemcengezini Pacific has a 30 metres ukujula osuka California Hawaii amakhulu amakhilomitha. Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka plastic sintanta emanzini, kodwa it is hhayi kwakhiwa esiqhingini omkhulu, ezikhulayo ngejubane inhlekelele. Ngokwabacwaningi, manje idlula nenqwaba zooplankton mass cishe kasikhombisa.

Esiqhingini udoti, ehlanganisa plastic, okuyinto Liyashabalala ku izingcezu ezincane ngaphansi kwethonya usawoti kanye ilanga, esiqhutshwa endaweni efanayo ngenxa imisinga kwamanzi. Kukhona obishini nakwezifudumele, okuthiwa "ehlane kwezilwandle." Lapha ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba iminyaka eminingi manje kudilizwe izinto ezahlukene, futhi ngenxa yobuningi abolile isilwane kwezidumbu, ezimanzi ukhuni amanzi ayegcwele hydrogen sulphide. Lena indawo yangempela efile, ukuphila ayempofu kakhulu. Indawo fetid lapho neze uphephula umoya fresh, musa ukuyothenga futhi yempi ozama ukuba ushaye sengathi awuboni.

Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isimo usufinyelele kakhulu, futhi izinsalela ulwelwe kwanezelwa plastic emaphaketheni, izikhwama kanye amabhodlela, akuyona sesimeni inqubo nokucekelwa begazi. Manje lesi siqhingi udoti elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, endaweni okuyinto njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi eziningana, kufika ku-90% siqukethe polyethylene.

Ingozi izinyoni eziphila olwandle

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle abahlala amanzi bathathwa imfucumfucu ukudla ukuthi isemanzini esiswini futhi bazofa. Basuke babanjwa doti ukunikeza umonakalo obulalayo. Izinyoni ukondla amachwane zabo amaqanda elimbudumbudu encane abukhali efana, okuyinto eholela ekufeni. Ocean doti lingaba yingozi ngoba abantu, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle uyowela kuwo ukuthi, ubuthi plastic.

Udoti elintantayo phezu kolwandle, ivimbe imisebe yelanga, okuyinto zisongele ukuphila ejwayelekile plankton kanye ulwelwe, olusekela semvelo yokukhiqizela izakhamzimba. zinyamalala eyayiyoholela ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphila emanzini. Udoti Island, ehlanganisa plastic okungahambisani ukubola emanzini, igcwele ingozi yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.

cesspool Giant udoti

Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwe ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi iningi udoti - kuba zepulasitiki izinhlayiya usayizi engaba mihlanu amamilimitha angu, okuyinto anikezwa kokubili phezu kanye ezingqimbeni phakathi emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthola ngokwezinga ukungcoliswa kweqiniso akunakwenzeka, ngoba ukubona esiqhingini udoti elwandle eliKhulu iPacific ngesethelayithi noma indiza bengayi. Okokuqala, mayelana 70% okungenamsoco nokucwila kuya phansi, futhi okwesibili, izinhlayiya okusobala plastic zilala kwamanzi, futhi uzibone usuka endaweni ephakeme nje ongenangqondo. Giant polyethylene indawo kungabonwa kuphela emkhunjini, okuyinto besondela, noma diving nge Aqualung. Ezinye izazi zigomela ngokuthi indawo abangaba yizigidi 15 amakhilomitha.

Ibhalansi ekushintsheni semvelo

Lapho eseyinsizwa efundela ezomthetho izingcezu amapulasitiki ezitholakala emanzini, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi basuke ezinabantu abaningi by amagciwane: eyodwa milimitha Kuye kwatholakala amagciwane abacela enkulungwaneni ayinangozi futhi kungabangela isifo. Kwavela ukuthi kudoti kushintsha ocean, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba ibone ukuthi yikuphi imiphumela kuzokwenzeka, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu sixhomeke kakhulu semvelo ekhona.

indawo Pacific - akulona lokudlela kuphela emhlabeni, emhlabeni kukhona landfills ezinkulu eziningana ezincane ezinhlanu amanzi Antarctica ne-Alaska. Ayikho Uchwepheshe ngeke ukwazi ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi yini ngezinga zalesi sithako.

Owathola esiqhingini kudoti elintantayo

Yiqiniso, ukuba khona ezinjengokungcoliswa udoti isiqhingi, oceanographers eyaziwa Sekuyisikhathi eside abikezela, kodwa iminyaka engu-20 nje edlule ebuya regattas uCaptain UCharles Moore wathola emhlabeni yacht yakhe izigidi izinhlayiya plastic. Wayengazange ngisho waqaphela ukuthi bangene kulo doti, okuyinto kwakungesona isiphelo. Charles, waba nesithakazelo inkinga, wasungula inhlangano kwemvelo elalinikezelwe cwaningo ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean.

Kusukela imibiko yachtsman, lapho waxwayisa mayelana usongo ulenga phezu kwesintu, ekuqaleni nje singanakwa. Kwaba ngemva kwesivunguvungu esikhulu, okuyinto unyakaziswa emabhishi Hawaii amathani angu-plastic ezibangele nokufa ezinkulungwane izilwane nezinyoni, isibongo Moore yaziwa umhlaba wonke.

Izixwayiso

Ngemva kwesifundo, ngesikhathi lapho amanzi asolwandle carcinogens Kwatholakala, lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa amabhodlela esebenza, American waxwayisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo polyethylene iqala ukwesabisa yonke le mbulunga. "Plastic ukuthi ubamba amakhemikhali emangalisayo anobuthi - wathi owathola le isiqhingi, ehlanganisa udoti elintantayo -. Ukuphila Marine amunca ushevu, nolwandle yaphenduka isobho plastic."

Okokuqala, udoti izinhlayiya ku izisu zilwane zangaphansi kwamanzi, abese uthuthe kubantu ipuleti. Njengoba polyethylene iba isixhumanisi eziwukudla, ukuthi abantu igcwele izifo ezibulalayo, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi babonisa ukuthi lokho khona plastic emzimbeni womuntu.

"Isilwane waklebhula off the leash"

Udoti esiqhingini okungakwazi ukuhamba phezu siqukethe ngomzuzu izinhlayiya ukwakha isobho turbid. Zemvelo baye kuqhathaniswa ngayo izilwane ezinkulu, okuyinto deflated le leash. Uma yokulahla ifinyelela umhlaba, izinxushunxushu iqala. Kukhona amacala lapho amabhishi zambozwa "confetti" plastic, okuyinto bonakalise izivakashi iholide hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi waholela ekufeni sea izimfudu.

Nokho, ukubhubhisa ecosystem engokwemvelo esiqhingini udoti, okuyinto isithombe indiva zonke izincwadi emhlabeni kwimvelo, it is kancane kancane kuphenduke isiqhingi kweqiniso nge eqinile. Futhi izazi iyesabeka banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi maduze abe izindawo eziminyene of wonke amazwekazi.

Lahla kusezweni

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu muva nje, umphakathi ishaqekile iqiniso lokuthi Maldives, lapho umkhakha izivakashi is athuthukile, ekhiqizwa kadoti kakhulu. Okunethezeka Amahhotela ungahlungi ke kabusha, njengoba kudingwa yi-imithetho, futhi elahliwe ku FIKE mbundu. Ezinye boaters abangafuni ukuba ume emgqeni ngesikhathi yokulahla imfucuza, nje abaphonse emanzini, futhi okusele, uthola ku-eyayenziwe wadala esiqhingini kudoti thilafushi yaphenduka yokulahla emzini.

Lokhu ekhoneni akuyona okusikhumbuza ipharadesi, etholakala eduze enhlokodolobha Maldivian. Ngokuhamba sihluke zokungcebeleka evamile endaweni lapho izakhamizi ukuthi uzama ukuthola izinto itholakale ukudayiselwa, hung ifu elimnyama ngentuthu kusukela imililo kudoti. Landfill ubabonisa olwandle, futhi usuqala a ukungcola kwamanzi enamandla, futhi uhulumeni akazange ukuxazulula inkinga ka imfucuza. Ingabe izivakashi abafika thilafushi ngokuqondile ukubheka inhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu eduze.

amaqiniso scary

Ngo-2012, izazi ezivela Scripps Institution of Oceanography watadisha amasayithi enobuthi ngasogwini California futhi yathola ukuthi yonke imali imfucuza liye landa ngokuphindwe kayikhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amane. Futhi lesi simo uyakukhathalela kakhulu abacwaningi, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi siyofika isikhathi lapho ngeke ukulungisa lutho.

udaba kungalungiswanga

Alikho izwe ayikalungi ukwenza ukubuthwa amasayithi angcolile, futhi abangamaphesenti Charlz Mur wathi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uyakwazi zichithe ngisho isimo acebile. Udoti Isiqhingi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, isithombe ezibangela ukwesaba ngekusasa le planethi emanzini kokungathathi hlangothi, futhi kuvela ukuthi okungenamsoco elintantayo - draw. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akusikho kuphela ebiza kakhulu, kodwa cishe umcimbi akunakwenzeka, ngoba izinhlayiya ezincane plastic kukhona ilingane plankton, futhi ungazange okwamanje athuthukile namanethiwekhi ngabe kukwazi kudoti ovela kwabakhileyo ezincane zasemanzini. Futhi yini okufanele uyenze nge imfucuza, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi kuzixazulule ezansi, akekho owaziyo.

Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi singakwazi ukuvimbela imfucuza emanzini, uma abantu abakwazi ukusula iziqhingi udoti olwandle. Izithombe landfills giant ukwenza zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi Umhlaba ukuba uzindle izimo lapho kuyoba khona bantfwana bakhe kanye nebatukulu. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa epulasitiki niwayise kabusha, baziqoqele, bese kuphela abantu bazokwazi ukulondoloza umama imvelo namatshe ezikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele ukuthi asiphe zona.