Ukubunjwa komhlaba

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemhlabathi kusekelwe esimweni sokuphatha inhlabathi njengezimele ezizimele ezizimele, ezingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namaminerali, izilwane nezitshalo. Le ndlela yokuhlukanisa isekelwe ezakhiweni naseziciweni zemvelaphi yemhlabathi. Owokuqala ukuhlukanisa inhlabathi ngokuhambisana nesici se-genetic Dokuchaev V.

Isici esiyinhloko lapho kuvela khona ukwahlukana uhlobo lwenhlabathi. Lesi sigaba sisho inhlabathi evele ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo futhi inezakhiwo ezifanayo nesakhiwo.

Phakathi kwadumile kakhulu singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemhlabathi: i-podzolic, umhlaba obomvu, i-chernozems, i-solonchaks nabanye. Izinhlobo zemhlabathi zihlukaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe zibe ama-subtypes, genera, izinhlobo nezinhlobo, futhi zibe ngezigaba.

Ama-subtypes abonisa izici ezihlukile zephrofayli yomhlabathi. Lapha indima yemidlalo, isimo sezulukazi nesimo sezulu kanye nezimo ezishisayo ze-latitudinal zone. Ama-subtypes ayizixhumanisi eziphakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo kwenzeka ngokwamajamo kanye nezinhlobo zemhlabathi. Iganga elivame kakhulu lomhlabathi livamile, i-solonetzic, i-residual-alkaline, i-solonchakous, i-quartz-sandy ne-gley-contact, i-residual-carbonate, eyomile-eyomile.

Inhlobo ngayinye yenhlabathi inehlukaniso eyengeziwe ibe yizilwane. Lezi zinhlobo zibonisa indlela okwakhiwa ngayo inqubo yokwakheka kwenhlabathi, isici somhlabathi othile othize. Kanti izinhlobo eziningana zihlukaniswa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Lezi zihlobene nohlobo olufanayo lomhlabathi, umehluko walokho okukwakhiwa kwawo kuphela. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhlunga nokuhleleka kwe-loamy, kwesihlabathi nesihlabathi esinesihlabathi. Ukwahlukaniswa ngesigaba kusho ukuthi inhlabathi iyinhlobo efana neyakheko kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini, kodwa umzali unemvelaphi ehlukile.

Izakhiwo ezehlukene zixhomeke ngqo kulokho okubunjwa komhlabathi.

Leli nani linqunywa isilinganiso sezinhlayiya zenhlabathi yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi siboniswa njengephesenti. I-cartilage, amatshe amatshe kanye namatshe abe nokuphefumula kwamanzi ampofu, okwakhiwa ngeziqhekeko zamatshe nezinsimbi eziyinhloko. Inhlabathi inezindawo zokugeleza okusheshayo, ngoba cishe iqukethe amaminerali ayisisekelo. Othulini kukhona amaminerali amancane avuvuka emanzini - lesi simo sibangela ukuthi leyo mhlaba yensimu ibe yindlala ne-plasticity. Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kusukela ku-silt kufaka phakathi amaminerali amancane avela ngobumba. Bathi, ukuvuvukala emanzini, bese ungaphuthelwa cishe akukho manzi, akukho moya.

Uma izinhlayiya ziyancipha ngobukhulu, inqubo yokwenza isimo sezulu kanye nokubunjwa okulandelayo kwamaminerali aqalayo - lawa yinsimbi, i-aluminium, i-aluminosilicate ne-carbonate usawoti kaCa, K, uMg.

Ubukhulu bezinto eziphathelene nomshini kuthinta ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali nezakhiwo zomzimba. Futhi-ke, uma ukwazi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ungathola ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo.

I- horizons enhlabathini engenhla kanye namadwala ayenziwe nenhlabathi , ngokuya ngokubunjwa kwemishini, ihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Sandy:

- ehambisanayo;

- okuxekethile.

• Sandy loam.
• I-Clayey:

- esindayo;

- isilinganiso;

- Amaphaphu.

• Loamy:

- esindayo;

- isilinganiso;

- Amaphaphu.

Ukwakhiwa okuhlukile komhlabathi wenhlabathi, okungafani nokuqukethwe ngobumba bomzimba, kuthinta indawo enjalo njengeplastiki. Ezimweni ezithile ezihlukahlukene, umhlaba ungahle ube ibhola noma ube intambo. Lokhu kusiza ukunquma ukubunjwa kwemishini yenhlabathi ensimini. Igama layo, njengombuso, libonisa ukwakheka kwayo kwemishini. Isibonelo, i-chernozem esindayo-loamy ejwayelekile.

Izakhiwo zezolimo ezinomhlabathi nazo zixhomeke ekubunjweni kwazo. Kulula ukuphatha isihlabathi esinomhlabathi nesihlabathi, yingakho bebizwa ngokuthi amaphaphu. Futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugunda nokugqoka kutholakale idumela lokuba nzima ngenxa yobunzima ekusetshenzisweni kwe-agronomic. Noma kunjalo, iqukethe izakhi eziningi kanye nama-humus, ngokungafani nesihlabathi nesihlabathi esinesihlabathi, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengento evundile.