Ukufakwa othomathikhi umlilo ukucindezelwa (ukucindezelwa iyunithi)

Akudingeki ukuba umuntu akutshele kanjani yingozi yimuphi umlilo, futhi kunzima kangakanani ukulwa ngomlilo, okuyinto uyakwazi amahora ambalwa ukuze abhubhise Imiphumela iminyaka eminingi umsebenzi wezandla zomuntu endoda ngokwayo. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba. Nokho, isikhathi siyeza, futhi nalo isayensi eba. Namuhla, abantu baye bafunda ukubhekana ngomlilo ukwazi usongo umlilo okwamanje lapho sekuqale ubonakele nje, kanye nokubhekana akunzima. Konke lokhu sebekwazi nge obhekwe idivayisi ezifana ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo umlilo lokulwa.

Kuyini lokhu? Ziyini izimpokophelo?

Amasistimu ukufaka lokulwa imililo, njengoba umthetho, bayingxenye amadivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa jikelele umlilo ukuphepha noma isakhiwo. injongo yabo eyinhloko ukuvimbela ukusabalala ilangabi nokujoyina emzabalazweni kanye izakhi nasezigabeni zokuqala.

Lezi amadivayisi izingxenye ozikhethela wesistimu umlilo-zokucisha. Nokho, ngezinye izikhungo ezinjengalezi, lapho kukhona kwengozi yomlilo ekusakazekeni ngokushesha ilangabi, lapho kungekho kungenzeka kunesimo esiphuthumayo zabantu balahleke endaweni umlilo ekubhujisweni, othomathikhi umlilo ukucindezelwa uhlelo (uPA), singasho nje Irreplaceable.

Okuzenzakalelayo nemililo uhlelo kungenziwa ngokuthi iqoqo amadivaysi, okuyinto self-ocushiwe uma esingeqile elawulwa ku evikelwe zone imingcele futhi izici eziphathelene imibundu.

Isici esiphawulekayo lezi amadivaysi - ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo njengoba automatic umlilo alamu. Lezo zinto ngokuvamile kufakwe ohlelweni jikelele ukucima umlilo, ukuphepha kumele baqinisekise ukuthi impumelelo elilodwa, futhi mhlawumbe imigomo eziningana, abaluleke kakhulu zazo yilezi:

- ukuqedwa umlilo into evikelwe kuze kube isikhathi lapho amagugu ezibucayi usufinyelelwe ukuthungela izici;

- ukuqedwa umlilo phambi kuphuma umlilo ongu- ezakhiwe kuleso sikhungo;

- ukuqedwa umlilo ngaphambi kwe-yayiyobizwa yabangela umonakalo esiphezulu kwempahla kanye impahla amagugu;

- ukumisa amandla omlilo izinqubo ngaphambi kunengozi nolokubhujiswa kucutshungulwa amayunithi, ngawo into ivikelwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kumelwe nakanjani ukwenza othomathikhi umlilo wokukucima uhlelo, kukhona ezifana usizo oluphuthumayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala endaweni ephephile kubantu ngokuhlala kusayithi.

Okuhlukile ukufaka ekhona ezenzakalelayo

Okwamanje, ziningi izinto ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo ukulwa nemililo ukuphi. Ungakwazi ahlukanisa ngezindlela eziningana. Ngu design, lezi amadivaysi kungaba aggregate, Modular, uzamcolo futhi Sprinkler. Ngendlela zokucisha imililo, zingaba amathuluzi besiyoba sikhulu futhi endaweni wendawo.

Ngendlela actuation (noma icuphe) isethi, bona zingahlukaniswa zibe mathuba, othomathikhi futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene actuators (kagesi, wokubacindezela, womoya, mechanical, kuhlanganisiwe).

Ngokusho lokhu isici, njengoba inertia, umlilo okuzenzakalelayo zokucisha ukufakwa zingahlukaniswa zibe Ultrafast, ngesivinini noma inertia ongaphakeme, inertia aphakathi nendawo kanye lenyuka.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, ukufaka zokucisha ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka Ubude ejenti umlilo wokukucima. Bangakwazi pulsed, esifushane, esilingene kanye nesikhathi eside yesenzo.

Nokho, phakathi ochwepheshe kanye abathengi abavamile phakathi best ezaziwayo Ukwahlukaniswa uhlobo into esetshenziselwa ngoba zokucisha ilangabi. Ngokusho lokhu isici, othomathikhi umlilo alamu nokulwa ukufakwa umlilo zingahlukaniswa zibe amanzi, igwebu, igesi spray, powder kanye umusi.

ukufakwa based Foam

Okuzenzakalelayo ukufakwa lokulwa Foam umlilo ingenye ezinzima kunazo zonke, ngoba eminye kuhlanganisa izindlela ukuthi ukuguqula powder of laqanjwa ethile ibe Foam (okuthiwa yokufafaza noma isisi ugesi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo Foam (ngokukhethekile, e ipayipi umlilo) kumele kunikezwe ukutholakala iziqukathi ekhethekile noma amathange, lapho CONCENTRATE kugcinwa for kephunkephu khiqiza noma ekwakhiweni kakade walungisa.

Isicelo of the ukwakheka eqeda kanye nokulungisa Foam ngqo inqubo zokucisha umlilo - kuyinto engenakuqhathaniswa ezimbili ezihlukene yokusebenza isimiso AUPT. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela zinezikhathi kokubili izici zayo emihle nemibi. Uma umngcele phakathi kwabo kwenzelwe nje kabi amandla akhe, kungashiwo ukuthi ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo umlilo lokulwa, okuyinto ukugxilisa ingqondo ukulungiselela Foam futhi amanzi zigcinwe zodwa, kuyoba aphumelela kakhudlwana ukuvikelwa kwezinto endaweni enkulu.

Ukufakwa nge ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha sokuqanjwa ekahle nokuqedwa umlilo endaweni encane into, ngoba kukhona izinkinga eziningi abonisa ngaso isitoreji umthamo ngokwanele enkulu mass Foam. Phakathi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kungathiwa elandelayo. Ukwakheka yokugcina has a ukuphila eshalofini encane, isb. E. Kufanele esikhundleni njalo, oluhilela ukwanda izindleko imali (okuyinto ezilinganiselwe usayizi ethangini). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ikhanda akudingekile ukuba unikeze amanzi umlilo, akunandaba mqondo ukutshala ekwakhiweni ichibi elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thintana Ukwakheka Foam futhi ukhonkolo ayivumelekile, okungukuthi, kuyodingeka beyomboza engaphakathi esitsheni ukugcina epoxy mastic, okuyinto, futhi, kwandisa izindleko. Yebo, amathangi kanye ezinkulu kakhulu inkimbinkimbi inqubo kokulahla Foam ubudala futhi esikhundleni salo esisha.

ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo Foam wokukucima ukuzibonakalisa kakhulu ngempumelelo ngokuya isicelo e zamakhemikhali Petrochemical izitshalo, lapho kugcinwa eziningi yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula. Futhi walungisiswa ukusetshenziswa kwabo emafektri kanye sisitshela ngokusondelana okwakuphakathi ne inqubo, okungukuthi, lapho kukhona ngokuvamile abantu abambalwa futhi ayikho indlela ngokushesha aphume ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali.

izinhlelo Water ukulwa nemililo

Ukufaka ezisebenzisa amanzi e kakhulu enemisebenzi kuqhathaniswa bonke abanye, ngoba ingasetshenziswa lapho ukuphepha kwabantu kanye kungenzeka kunesimo esiphuthumayo inhloso, igunya phezu kwazo zonke ezinye (amahhovisi, izikhungo zomphakathi nokunye. D.).

Ukufaka ezisebenzisa amanzi zokucisha imililo, ingahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili: wendawo (Sprinkler) nokuvikela sonke isakhiwo lilonke (uzamcolo).

ukufakelwa Sprinkler izinhlelo (kusuka sprincle IsiZulu - "Ukukhemezela wachela") ifakwe uhlelo impendulo ezizimele ngokugcwele. Lapho nokubhalisa e yingasiphi ebusweni ngivikelwe Eqinisweni okwandisa ke lokushisa (UAPT) ngokuzimela yasebenza futhi ithumela jet okusamanzi fake atomized eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze umthombo ukushisa.

Uma ukhetha UAPT ayethanda umbono wabo amanzi, kubalulekile ukuba banake uhlobo control unit ( "ezomile" noma "ezimanzi"). Esokuqala ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa emakamelweni unheated futhi izindawo, kanti eyesibili ( "ezimanzi") - lapho izinga lokushisa kuyinto neze ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.

UZamcolo ukufakwa umlilo wokukucima (okuzenzakalelayo), ngokungafani Sprinkler neze ezizimele. Zisebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi esihambisana uhlelo umlilo alamu enza them. amadivaysi uZamcolo kungukuthi ifakwe izinzwa, okwakuyoholela ukucacisa indawo umthombo teplootdeleniya anda kanye nokudidiyela imizamo yabo kulesi siqondiso. Lezi zilungiselelo emsebenzini wembozwe amanzi kubo bonke ubuso etholakalayo endaweni evikelwe.

Uma kubonelelwa kakhulu ama-ongakhetha amanzi UAPT, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi amanzi uyakwazi ukuxubana compounds ezithile organometallic kanye compounds. Umphumela wale ukusabela kungenzeka ukukhululwa kwe ezinobuthi emoyeni, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kuzodala izimo athiya ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi futhi ungakulimaza impilo yabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi othomathikhi uhlobo umlilo zokucisha ukufaka ivama kulabo letigcogcwe ngaphambilini uhlobo zezimboni lapho iqhaza zamalahle, zensimbi, metal carbides ngemijikelezo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye m. P. Futhi, umphumela oyifunayo kufinyelelwa ezimweni lapho amanzi UAPT kuthanda ukuze kuqedwe ilangabi ezindaweni lapho zigcinwa uketshezi oluvutha kalula nge izinga lokushisa amandla omlilo akukho ephakeme kuka-90 degrees.

ukufakwa TRV

Njengamanje, bakhula futhi wasungula ubuchwepheshe obusha eziyingqayizivele ukusebenza ukufakwa umlilo wokukucima ngempumelelo. isizukulwane esisha amadivaysi othomathikhi kungukuthi embozwe ungqimba ezondile amanzi ebusweni iyatholakala futhi uketshezi olufuthwe e amaconsi amancane ngqo ilangabi. I ehwamukile ketshezi, kanjalo ngokuxhumanisa emlilweni. Amathuluzi anjalo zaziwa ngokuthi zokucisha izinhlelo amanzi inkungu umlilo (TEV). Ngaphandle yokubopha evulekile umlilo ukuhwamuka we imikhondo uketshezi vaporization anda. Isitimu yena, kunciphisa inani eziqukethwe i ebiyelwe isikhala-mpilo khulula futhi ngaleyo ndlela suppresses kungenzeka amandla omlilo izinqubo. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi enjalo ukuchayeka apparatuses kuyinto kwasendaweni esiphezulu umthombo umlilo, ngokwahlukana yayo nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele elangabi.

umlilo okuzenzakalelayo zokucisha nesicelo umsebenzi atomization nebuchwepheshe ngemphumelelo kulezo zindawo lapho egcinwe eziwuketshezi oluvuthayo nokwenziwa kwayo. Futhi, ezifana AUPT akwazi ukuyeka umsebenzi amandla omlilo senziwa ngokuphazima kweso lapho voltage amapayipi. Ezimweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile kufanele ekuphatha kabi, nawe zokucisha ezisebenza ngogesi ngaphansi voltage. Ukunikeza ukuthi sprayer amanzi futhi into evuthayo at ibanga okungenani 1 m kuvunyelwe voltage amagugu kungase afinyelela 36.000 V

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifu amaconsi emihle kakhulu amanzi - umswakama esihle pair esibophezelayo-carbon monoxide, umlotha nezinye izinhlayiya ukuthi angase adale ingozi embi kwezitho emishinini yokuphefumula womuntu. Inqubo zokucisha ukufakwa TPB akuvimbeli zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku (uma kunesidingo) kanye nokuvikeleka kwempahla.

Phakathi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezimbalwa zalezi amadivaysi - ukungakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ezindaweni lapho kukhona ingozi ukuxhumana compounds organometallic.

Ukulinganisa uhlobo igesi

Modern Freon kuncibilike noma nitrogen onomfutho, argon, Inergen ukuvumela umuntu ukunqoba umlilo kulezo zindawo lapho akwenzeki ngalezi zinhloso ukusebenzisa amafa okusamanzi (izakhiwo, lapho kungase kube short circuit, onalo kolwazi, imitapo, iminyuziyamu, izikebhe).

Ezindaweni ivikelwe igesi umlilo ukucindezelwa iyunithi, phezu okuvela nokucupha Empeleni kufanele zifakwe amadivayisi netindlela yokukhanya (eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "negesi - ngimuke" Futhi "igesi - ungafaki") Futhi umsindo isaziso umlilo. Zinjalo okufunwa GOST uhlelo.

Ukufakwa gas umlilo ukucindezelwa (othomathikhi) simondzawo lapho ukuthuthukiswa komlilo akunakwenzeka ngokomthetho. Lena ekahle kakhulu ezindaweni enengcuphe enkulu ukusabalala ilangabi. Uma endaweni yalo mlilo ezincane futhi ayidingi ukwethulwa lemiqulu emikhulu igesi, i-ukucima umlilo kungenzeka ngisho ngaphandle abantu baphume ngaphambi. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi igesi ngemithamo ezinkulu kungasilimaza kakhulu impilo yabantu.

Sebenzisa agcina igesi lokulwa imililo ukulungisiswa amacala umlilo ezindaweni ugesi ku CHP futhi TPP (zokucisha ugesi uma isicelo of lwaluyophola hydrogen-hlobo) ngoba izinto ukwenziwa izinto kalula oluvuthayo, e elide ezokuthutha, emafektri kanye namagugu. Ngo imitapo neminyuziyamu ingasetshenziswa ukufaka enjalo lapho egcinwe zobuciko kanye curiosities ngaphansi ingilazi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukufakwa akuyona izinto umlilo zokucisha othomathikhi igesi ezisekelwe ngempumelelo lapho ungafaka ngaphandle oksijini kule nqubo. Ayikho idivayisi ezifana isicelo ezimweni lapho izinto ezithandwa omlilo okuvele yefilakisi (chips izinkuni, iraba, ukotini, nokunye. P.), uthole uhlobo oluthile izinsimbi ezingaba ukuxubana amagesi materials pyrophoric.

izimpushana Fire zokucisha ukufaka based

Okwamanje, evame kakhulu (80% amacala), zonke izinhlobo achazwe ngaphambilini of othomathikhi izinhlelo umlilo zokucisha kukhona UAPT phansi kunabaphostoli powder hlobo. Lokhu nobubanzi izicelo ngenxa eziningi eziwusizo. Okokuqala, amadivayisi enemisebenzi ngokwanele (mhlawumbe ngisho ukusebenzisa eqeda kagesi). Okwesibili, ukuphila reagent eshalofini lide ngokwanele, zokuluthola akuyona omningi inselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifana UAPT lokushisa eliphezulu umkhawulo, zinjalo-non-enobuthi.

Ukufakwa uhlobo powder ikwazi ukulwa imililo, Class A, B no-C, okuyinto kuyandisa kakhulu amathuba abo ekuvalweni imililo ezindaweni akude, lapho ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka zilinde ukuze usizo isikhathi eside.

Ukufakwa umlilo okuzenzakalelayo zokucisha nesicelo of izimpushana liphumelele umlilo ku uwoyela ukudonsa izindawo, lapho esebenza amaphuzu kagesi kanye ISIZINDA. Nokho, umphumela oyifunayo ngeke ufinyelelwe uma izinto evutha, okuyinto ukusekela le nqubo akudingeki oksijini, kanye nalabo ezithandwa omlilo nokuguqulwa futhi ibole.

Idivayisi umlilo zokucisha aluhambelani protivodymovoy ukupholisa izinhlelo. Futhi kusukela yokugcina kumelwe nakanjani babe khona lapho abantu njalo-ke isabelo powder zibalwe UAPT izindawo zezimboni, emafektri kanye imigudu.

spray-uhlobo apharathasi

ukufakelwa aerosol umlilo - it is a idivayisi olulodwa-njongo. Abakwazi usetshenziselwe zokucisha imililo izinto ezinobungozi, kanye lapho abantu njalo samanje. kakhulu Ukwakheka aerosol ngokuyisisekelo ayinangozi futhi akakwazi zibangele noma iyiphi kungadaleka ingozi embi kakhulu. Nokho, ashukumisa autonomously, umlilo okuzenzakalelayo alamu ukufakwa futhi aerosol umlilo ezisekelwe ungavumeli abantu ukubona lapho indlela basishiye.

Ngenxa ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu yalezi UAPT ngomlilo Imininingwane ukuqedwa abantu babo ungalinda isakhiwo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze avimbele ukuqhuma ngokwayo ukufaka ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu yangaphakathi ingcindezi oscillation amplitude mayelana lokushisa kwangaphandle.

Amadivayisi spray-oyibhalayo kahle kungase kutholakale ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukucima, cuphuluza ukwehluleka in the kwamandla. Ngempumelelo izitshalo okunjalo futhi lilawulwa umsuka eyenziwe ngomlilo. Luhle umlilo sokuphepha izimoto ezinkulu, uwoyela izindawo, nokunye. N.

Nokho, umuntu onjalo umlilo okuzenzakalelayo zokucisha ukufakwa futhi okuwuphawu usebenzisa aerosols abakwazi aluqede ngokuphelele ekonakaleni ezingqimbeni kwangaphakathi (ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, izinto fibrous), futhi amandla omlilo ngaphandle kobukhona oxygen.

Ukufakwa ukusebenza ezizimele kanye nomthelela

Hereinabove kuchaziwe, ezimweni eziningi, othomathikhi fixed umlilo wokukucima, kodwa kanye nabo kukhona nomqondo uhlelo ezizimele kanye ukucima umlilo. Kuyini lokhu?

uhlelo Autonomous wedwa okwazi ukuthola Umnqopho we anda ukudluliswa ukushisa bese unquma isidingo kusebenze inqubo umlilo-zokucisha. Lezi amadivayisi kungenziwa ngokugcwele kuchasiselwe zinhlobo kwamanzi kanye negesi UAPT. izinhlelo ezinjalo zivame ifakwe nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha ukuthi ebucayi okushisa aphakeme noma ukuveza izinhlayiya abafanele Ukwakheka esemoyeni. Uma lezi zici benzelwe, izinzwa adlulisa isignali iphaneli siqu for ukuhlaziya kanye kusebenze imiyalo ngenjongo inqubo ukusebenza (in the case of ingozi esobala umlilo). Ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukene ukufaka ukulandelana ingase ihluke kancane, kodwa ezimweni eziningi algorithm unomphela "ukuhlonza - isicelo - kusebenze".

Ngakho, izingxenye esibophezelayo okuqondene ezizimele othomathikhi ukufaka umlilo zokucisha, futhi idivayisi ukuthola ziphathwa futhi, eqinisweni, kudivayisi ngqo umlilo wokukucima. Eyokuqala, yebo, kungaba ngokuthi iyunithi ebaluleke kakhulu ukufakwa ibhethri. Ngu uzingela amadivayisi futhi umcucuzo zihlanganisa umlilo imitshina zifakwa ibhethri noma amandla odala amandla electromotive ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili lokungeniswa. Futhi, lezi amadivaysi zihlanganisa fuse, futhi powder thermally ukuqalisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ukufaka ezizimele inikezwa imanuwali kwethulwa uhlelo eyenza ukuhamba komsebenzi kusebenze ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba okwamanje ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwe-zone evikelwe idlula ukubaluleka esibucayi. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu, usizo kakhulu, ngoba umuntu, ngokuvamile baba nomuzwa futhi basabela izimpawu umlilo asathuthuka (imfiva, iphunga, intuthu, njalo njalo. N.) Okuningi ngaphambili kunalokho uzokwenza uhlelo mechanical izinzwa.

lebanga lentengo

Ukufaka othomathikhi lokulwa fixed ukufakwa umlilo ukuvikela amakhaya abo, kubalulekile ukulinganisela, hhayi ukuzama ukulondoloza lapho lokhu akuvunyelwe, kodwa ngaphandle ngokubeka imali eyengeziwe, ngoba umlilo - into ezingavamile, kanye nokugcinwa ezezimali umlilo zokucisha kuqhathaniswa enenani yayo sokuqala.

Namuhla, engabizi kakhulu kubhekwa UAPT ubhuqu aerosol uhlobo, njengoba umonakalo ongalungiseki ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali futhi ikakhulukazi yingozi ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Kancane ziphindeke agcina igesi yilezi: akukho ukulimala impahla, kodwa kudinga uphawu izakhiwo kanye pre-zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku. ukufakwa Foam ezibizayo, kodwa ngokuvamile azisebenzi ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zangasese kanye mahle emafektri kanye hangars nge zikagesi.

Eqolo kungenziwa ngokuthi uhlelo tonkostruynogo spray yamanzi, okuyizinto hhayi nganoma iyiphi indlela liphazamisane zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku, ukuvumela ukugibela umlilo egumbini kuze nokuqedwa zabo Imininingwane futhi akavumi ukuba noma yimuphi umonakalo ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali. Amaconsi ketshezi amancane ukuze ukuxhumana ilangabi iyasha engakafiki kwamanzi. Futhi, umusi ekhiqizwa enqubeni wokukucima, okuyinto evimbela ukusabalala umlilo futhi kunciphisa izinga lokushisa endlini.