Ukukhiqizwa acetylene

Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi igama elithi - acetylene - exhumene welithi "uviniga". Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi acetylene namuhla - ke kungukuqiniseka kuphela ezivuthayo lapho emoyeni kungekho ukufinyelela, futhi okuyinto kabanzi umkhakha, akazi wonke umuntu. Acetylene ekucindezelekeni esiyingozi ubuye Eqinisweni yokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, nokushisa kwalo ukhiqiza ilangabi acid lokushisa ukuze 3100 ° C.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukukhiqizwa acetylene kwenziwa Edmundom Devi e ezikude 1836. Devi wasebenza okujwayelekile Carbide potassium isixazululo aqueous iphutha ezothando yokusabela lapho singatlolwa bunjesi: k2c2 = C2H2 + 2H2O + 2KOH. Ngenxa yalokho, i-gas, ogama Ifomula C2H2 nalapho ososayensi wanika isihloko hydrogen dvuuglerodisty.

Nge kokutholakala izimfundiso ezizivelelayo Justus Liebig elinye lamaqembu zama-athomu (radicals) futhi okuthiwa acetyl Nokho, kubhekwa elibona nxazonke ifomula S2N3. Ingqikithi kuyafana, owawungumnyaka Devi, kwakubhekwa by bamakhemikhali njengoba esuselwe acetyl. Khona-ke, lapho ukukhiqizwa acetylene owenziwa engumFulentshi Marselenom Berthelot ngezindlela eziningana, ketshezi lethiwa, esetshenziselwa kwamakhemikhali kuze kube yilolu suku. Berthelot kubhekwe njengento molecule okuholela kwakwakhe acetyl, okuyinto sathathwa a athomu ye-hydrogen. Nezobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa acetylene Berthelot limelela inqubo elandelayo. It aphuthelwe pair of alcohols evuthayo - methyl futhi ETHYL - futhi ngepayipi eliwu lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ngo-1862, acetylene ukuthi kuhlelwe umqondo ngu ukusabela electrochemical, phakathi kuyo i-hydrogen ababedlula phakathi kwezinhlangothi electrode wenza carbon. Lezi ubuchwepheshe kukhona ngesikhathi kwakubiza kakhulu futhi ukungasebenzi kahle, futhi ngaleso sizathu wakwazi kuphela kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele isixazululo theory inkinga. Kuphela khona kanye ngasekupheleni kwekhulu ngaphambi sokugcina wasungula indlela bavunyelwe ukusungula ukukhiqiza ukonga ngaphezulu acetylene. Le ndlela isekelwe ukuthungela ingxube ehlanganisa lime ngokushesha namalahle. Lokhu kuyoholela ukusetshenziswa kwakwakhe njengoba igesi ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni. Iqiniso ukuthi igesi equkethe ukubunjwa yayo mayelana 92,3% carbon, ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu unekhemikhali esiningi yalolu ketshezi njengoba okuqinile. Ukuthi ukunikeza ukukhanya sasivumela elikhanyayo. Kulokhu izinga lokushisa amandla omlilo inquma hhayi kuphela amandla omlilo ukukhanya, kodwa umbala waso. Amazinga aphakeme - ikakhulukazi ababengabafowabo. luminescence umbala carbon izinhlayiya. Uvele ukufudumala, egcwele acetylene kunganikeza ukukhanya cishe izikhathi nanhlanu ezingaphezu kuka ezivamile lapho igesi izibani. Ngisho lapho kwathathelwa indawo ukukhanyisa ugesi, wasebenzisa acetylene ukukhanyisa aqhubeka izibani ibhayisikili futhi omnibuses.

Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa imboni, zonke edingekayo esiningi yingxube njenge acetylene. Ukuthola ke ngezinga ezimbonini waqala kuphela ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ngenxa yalokho we "intuthuko" enjalo, uxhumano waqala isetshenziselwe izinjongo lobuchwepheshe. Ngezinhloso ukwakhiwa Carbide acetylene etholwe eqeda ngamanzi. Lo mkhiqizo for kwephunga laso elibi eziningi kakhulu ezingemnandi eyaziwa ngenxa ukungcola okumunyethwe kuwo ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide. Eqinisweni, leso sidakamizwa okumsulwa amakhemikhali has a wavuma liphinyiselwe iphunga ethereal. Kuyinto alula kakhulu kunomoya emoyeni, isisindo yamangqamuzana acetylene kuyinto 26,038. Negesi Ayinambala, okubonakala kalula encibilikayo izixazululo eziningi ewuketshezi, solubility kunqunywa lokushisa yesixazululo.

ubuchwepheshe yamanje ukuhlinzekela ukuthola acetylene kusukela methane ngu elektrokrekinga - inqubo lapho electrode iqale lidlule igesi i-methane ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana 1600 ° C. Khona-ke, ukuvimbela yokubola igesi acetylene is phansi Ukupholisa okusheshayo. Le ndlela iphumelela ngalolo ingxenye ukushisa etholwe amandla omlilo into kungenziwa iqondiswe amalahle elilandelayo ukuphendula umjikelezo, ukuhlinzeka phambili yawo.

Acetylene kabanzi lisetshenziswe Welding nezinsimbi ukusika, ukuthola ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu ezimhlophe, ukuze ukukhiqizwa izinto eziqhumayo.