Psychophysiology - Iyini? Ubudala izitho zomzimba kanye psychophysiology

Psychophysiology - isifundo izisekelo bokuphila yokuziphatha nomsebenzi engqondo. Lesi sihloko ucacisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nakho. Uzofunda umlando nemvelaphi yawo, ikakhulukazi indlela ukubaluleka kwalo, kanye namanye ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nale isayensi.

Psychophysiology - nesigaba okhethekile wezokusebenza kwengqondo izitho zomzimba, okuyinto study indima izici zokwakheka komuntu (bahlanganisa property isimiso sezinzwa) ukunikeza umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Izazi ziye zakhomba psychophysiology umehluko, inkulumo kanye umcabango, ukuzwa kanye nombono, ukunakwa, imizwelo, isinyathelo ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo. Okwamanje, yonkhe lemikhakha ubuchwepheshe ukukhuthalele isakhiwa.

Imbangela psychophysiology

Namuhla, umbuzo ukuthi, e Kukuziphi izici kwengqondo izitho zomzimba, namanje evulekile. Omunye Awukwazi ukusho ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala neyesibili noma lesibili - ngowokuqala. Nokho, akukho kungabaza yokuthi izinqubo sengqondo bokuphila - ingxenye yonke psychophysical. Libuye Akungabazeki ukuthi umbono lokhu lonke, kudingeka kangaka izinjongo ezifanele, ngeke kutholakale ngamunye noma izitho zomzimba noma kwengqondo. Lokho ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngolwazi lomuntu sisonke ezithile, hhayi ngoba nje enesifiso izizathu corporate noma yenhlangano, futhi igatsha elisha biology ngokuthi psychophysiology. Ibheka ukuthi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezingenzeka ezibhekwa nezindaba. Izinga izinkinga ifundelwe ke ingaphezu kakhulu kunalelo Psychology noma izitho zomzimba wedwa.

Interdisciplinarity psychophysiology, indlela probabilistic

Psychophysiology - ube khona umkhakha wolwazi, okuyinto imikhakha eyahlukene. Kubukeka ngesikhathi inhlangano ubudlelwane okungenzeka imihlola engqondo, ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya nakubantu imbala. Psychophysiology - isiyalo esebenzisa ulwazi weqoqo ephumelelayo izimiso, izimfanelo, izinsiza kanye nolwazi izindlela ukuthi izovumela ososayensi ukuba uhlole nge-subject ethize, okuyinto indoda. Ngakho, indlela probabilistic esetshenziswa. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nakho.

Psychophysiology - isayensi etadisha womuntu usebenzisa indlela probabilistic. Kusukela wokugcina sabekwa 1867 yi-physics IsiZulu James Mabhalane Maxwell. Le ndlela yokwenza probabilistic izimangalo ukuba isayensi jikelele. Maxwell usosayensi wokuqala ofake isicelo izindlela zakhe probabilistic ngoba ngazo ngokoqobo ngokomzimba. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uMdali physics kwezibalo. indlela Probabilistic has inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile phezu deterministic (esivamile). Inikeza ulwazi esigcwele kakhulu into ihlolwa.

Ukudala psychophysiology

Ngokusemthethweni, lenzeka phakathi nekhulu le-19. Babonakala kumdlali kuyinto A. R. Luriya, sesayensi oluvelele Russian (ngenhla). Ngenxa yokuthi wayefunde ezikoleni ezimbili (ezingokwengqondo zezinzwa), wakwazi ukuhlanganisa izimpumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi eyala ibe ebumbene. Waba yini umphumela walesi umsebenzi kwaba uxhumano psychophysiology futhi neuropsychology.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi umphefumulo uyinto incorporeal. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuchopho akuhlangene nakho. Kamuva, ososayensi baye baqala ukubeka imisebenzi ngokwengqondo lapho ventricles ezintathu zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye ventricles lalibhekwa njengendawo ukugcina okuvelayo ukuboniswa komphefumulo. Kukholakala ukuthi abode izithombe enhle. Ubuchopho zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu umzimba, kusuka lapho amandla ukuphila ageleza ngaphansi kwethonya intando kule ingxenye yomzimba kweziteshi ekhethekile, ukubizwa ngokuthi impumuzo.

Ngemva kwalokho, sibonga umsebenzi abacwaningi ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi yasekhaya (I. M. Sechenova, I. P. Pavlová, P. Ya. Galperina, A. N. Leonteva, A. R. Lurii, N. A. Bernshteyna et al. ), wakhangwa kuze umqondo pretty kucacile ukuthi sibaluleke kangakanani CNS (isimiso sezinzwa) ukuze psyche womuntu.

indlela Scientific-IM Sechenov

I. M. Sechenov wazakhela yemvelo-yesayensi indlela ekhethekile. essence yayo kungenziwa kunqunywa izimiso ezimbili ezilandelayo:

• zonke izinhlobo imihlola ngemilingo - liwumkhiqizo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zingabantu emithethweni achazwayo kanye nezinye izenzakalo zemvelo;
• kumelwe banamathele isimiso historicism ekuhloleni psyche, okungukuthi, ukuhamba kusuka amafomu ephansi womsebenzi walo kuya ephakeme, ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni, kusukela ekutadisheni psyche sesilwane ekutadisheni ngokucacile yayo abantu.

Sechenov, ukusebenzisa lezi zimiso, wafika ukudalwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinto of reflection.

Umsebenzi I. P. Pavlová kanye nezifundo

Ngo imisebenzi IP Pavlov, a physiologist abadumile isiRashiya, ithiyori reflex wayiqhubekisa. Lokhu usosayensi yaqale esetshenziswa indlela inhloso sokutadisha imisebenzi yengqondo zobuchopho, okwakuwuphawu reflex ekhondishina. Ukuthatha kube isevisi, Pavlov watadisha izindlela bokuphila eziningi eziqhubekayo yisisekelo ukusabela engqondo aphansi. Ekuqhubeni usosayensi, kanye nabamele abafundi esikoleni sakhe kwavula emkhathizwe esisha ekuhloleni umsebenzi ubuchopho ngokufaka isilingo.

Kamuva, izifundo electrophysiological, kwahambisana ngu ikhaliphe ekhondishina, wasiza ekumiseni yokuthi abaningi izinqubo of psyche ngokuyisisekelo kuchazwe inhlangano nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa izakhiwo ingqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkumbulo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ngenxa excitation ngulenchubo kwegazi izifunda neuronal evaliwe, nge kokungathembeki eminye ezingeni yamangqamuzana yalezi noma ezinye izinguquko.

Imizwelo zincike izikhungo indlela esebenzayo ezithile subcortical izakhiwo ingqondo. Okwamanje, ukusabela eziningi engqondweni yakhiqizwa eyayenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, a izingxenye wacasuka ngokukhethekile zobuchopho banesibopho kubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebuchosheni sisonke emzimbeni ithinta konke kuthinta kakhulu psyche yethu. Ngakho, ukucindezeleka noma entabeni kungadala zengqondo (komzimba) izifo. Hypnosis kungasiza ukwelapha noma kubangele iziyaluyalu ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Ubuthakathi noma ukwephulwa le "Taboo" phakathi kwabantu bakudala kungaba angambulala nokumbulala lowo muntu.

Into yolwazi kanye into psychophysiology

Jikelele Psychophysiology - isayensi nekhono sabantu sokuphila uphilile. Clinical efanayo (ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana-ke utshelwa ekupheleni sihloko) uhlola abantu abagulayo.

Indoda, njengoba sazi, trehipostasen. Psychophysiology - isayensi uyakucabangela wonke amazinga yenhlangano yayo. Omuntu ubunye lala mafu ezintathu okungenzeka:

• yezinto (ngokomzimba, ongokwenyama);
• ngemilingo (ngemilingo);
• ngokomoya.

Ngakho, psychophysiology into - engokoqobo, ngokwengqondo nangokomoya yomuntu nasebuhlotsheni zabo bobabili. Lokhu Sibonga isilayo impumelelo ukutadisha umsebenzi izinzwa ubuchopho izilwane, kanye ngokuqondene luhlolo emitholampilo labantu laliqala ingabonwa hhayi kuphela bokuphila, kodwa futhi izindlela kwemizwa ezahlukene isimo sengqondo, izinqubo kanye nokuziphatha. psychophysiology Modern ukwenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukutadisha amanethiwekhi kwemizwa kanye izinzwa olulodwa. Lokhu kunqunywa esikhona manje ngase ukuhlanganiswa eyala ahlukahlukene okuyinto ukufunda nokusebenza kobuchopho (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology, ngamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo, kanye nabanye.) Encwadini yezinzwa olulodwa.

amagatsha ahlukahlukene kufanele sibe nesithakazelo esiyalweni has isihloko lalo. psychophysiology bokuphila, isibonelo, uhlola indlela yethu yokuziphatha futhi izimpendulo naleso kuxhomeke esimweni nemingcele bokuphila izinga yokusabela izinhlelo neuropathy sezinzwa, kanye soma lilonke (ohlelweni, izicubu kanye emangqamuzaneni).

isiyalo Meaning

Sinesithakazelo isiyalo sigcwalisa Psychology, Neurology, wezifo zengqondo, pedagogy futhi yezilimi. Psychophysiology - isixhumanisi kudingekile, ngayo nefunda ngayo psyche womuntu bubonakala iyonke, kuhlanganise ezihlukahlukene ukuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke le esisele wafunda.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma wazi ukuthi yini izigaba ontogeny ebucayi kakhulu emathonyeni ezahlukene Pedagogical kukhona, kungenzeka ukuthonya ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu bokuphila psycho-bokuphila, ezifana inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukunakwa, bezibona, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukusebenza engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kanye nabanye. Uma unombono izici yobudala umzimba wengane, ungakwazi engcono embule amakhono akhe ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukuthuthukisa ezinengqondo, kusukela umbono wesayensi, valeological kanye Gigs izidingo nical umsebenzi zokuzithokozisa kanye ezemfundo, ukuhlela imodi kosuku, motor umsebenzi kanye nokudla, efanele izici ngokomthethosisekelo ngabanye kanye nobudala. Ngamanye amazwi, amathonya Pedagogical kungaba ngobuqotho nangokuzikhandla kuphela uma acabangele izici yobudala izingane nentsha, kungenzeka lomzimba wakhe.

Ubudala izitho zomzimba kanye psychophysiology

Ubudala zomzimba - isayensi ukuthi iphenya izici ukusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa umzimba ngesikhathi ontogeny. It study imisebenzi umzimba iyonke, isitho izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka ngabanye njengoba zikhula, ubunjalo misebenzi emazingeni ahlukahlukene ubudala.

Ontogenesis - Umqondo emaphakathi zezikhonzi ezifana nobudala izitho zomzimba. It yethulwa emuva ngo-1866 ngu E. Haeckel. Namuhla, ngaphansi ontogeny kusho ukuthuthukiswa ngazinye i umzimba ukuphila kwayo (kusukela uqala ukwenziwa kuze ukufa).

Ubudala izitho zomzimba kanye psychophysiology kwamiswa esanda kutholakala. Eyokuqala ivelele kuze isigamu kwekhulu elidlule yesibili. Embryology - isayensi ihlola izici nemithetho zokuphila umzimba phezu izigaba wokukhula kwengane esiswini. Izigaba kamuva ukuvuthwa ukuguga, ucabangela gerontology.

Ubudala zomzimba izifundo besebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, phakathi okuyinto - izici morphological umzimba (ubude, isisindo, okhalweni selilonke nasesifubeni girth hip, ehlombe, njll). Lokhu isiyalo ingenye amagatsha biology - anhlobonhlobo kakhulu yolwazi.

Izici ontogeny womuntu

Umsuka nomthelela wezenzo zabantu izici ontogeny yayo. Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa it has ukufana ezithile nge isici ontogeny wezinkawu ephakeme. Nokho, ngokucacile womuntu liqukethe iqiniso ukuthi uyisidalwa nomphakathi. It zashiya izibazi ku ontogeny yayo. Okokuqala, anda inkathi ebuntwaneni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu kudingeka afunde uhlelo social phakathi ukuqeqeshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanda phakathi kwengane esiswini. Ukuthomba e abantu kuyinto kamuva kunaleyo nezinkawu okukhulu. Ukwanda kwe-gxuma, kanye kwathatha ukuguga siye egqanyisiwe ngokucacile, ngokungafani kuya lezi zilwane. sokusinda Sinothisha okungaphezu kwalokho we nezinkawu okukhulu.

Umkhawulo yobudala futhi ulinganisele yentuthuko

Futhi uthisha, futhi lo dokotela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ezingeni ekukhuleni kwengane nabo emsebenzini. Ubudala izitho zomzimba kanye psychophysiology ukucacisa lokho kubhekwa evamile nokuthi - ukuphambuka kuwo. Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni iyona nesidingo sokufaka isicelo kumuntu izindlela non-standard yokwelashwa nemfundo. Ngakho-ke, omunye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwengqondo ukusungula nemingcele ngokuchaza umkhawulo yobudala.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isivinini lokuthuthukisa njalo kuhlobene nezinga ekupheleni ezingeni lakhe. Okwehlisa le nqubo ngokuvamile kuholela impumelelo yomuntu (nakuba kamuva ontanga yakhe) Wiz. Kunalokho, ukuthuthukiswa ngokuvamile yashesha usuphothuliwe ekuseni khulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu wokuqala bafaka ithemba elikhulu, lapho isikhulile akusho zithole imiphumela emihle.

Ayeyivelakancane kunokwehlukahluka okukhulu e ijubane ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula. Nokho, ukuhlukahluka ezincane ezenzeka kusengaphambili emaphakathi noma kuthiye ukukhula, zenzeka njalo. kufanele imphathe kanjani kubo? Ingabe lokhu ukubonakaliswa kwezinso ekuthuthukiseni noma ukwehluka? Ubudala zomzimba inikeza impendulo yale mibuzo kanye neminye. Kutfutfukisa zindlela ukuze nahlulele degree sokusuka kusukela kuyinsakavukela futhi isidingo ukuthatha izinyathelo futhi bawabulale zabo noma ukunqandwa.

psychophysiology emitholampilo

Kuyinto endaweni ebalulekile psychophysiology isicelo. Kuyinto ensimini imikhakha eyahlukene yolwazi, okuyinto ukhuluma izindlela eziningi ukuchumisa bokuphila izinguquko engqondo umsebenzi in iziyaluyalu ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo nangokwengqondo, kanye nethonya layo komunye nomunye.

Psychophysiology Clinical - isiyalo okuyinto Kuhilela ekutadisheni izindlela pathogenetic, izici etiological, ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zengqondo sokufundela amakhono omsebenzi. Ngeke senze futhi kungesemehlweni izindlela eziningi futhi izifundo ezihlobene (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, zokuhlola Psychology nevropsihologii, Neuroradiology et al.). Through ukuhlolwa ensimini futhi ucwaningo laboratory kungacacisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kanjani nomuntu kanye nesipiliyoni umphumela zomthetho kumabhizinisi izinqubo kanye nezimpendulo bokuphila. Kulokhu singaphetha imithetho ubudlelwane zengqondo.

Ngokuvamile, non-invasively kulinganiswa amagugu bokuphila irekhodwe ku umzimba womuntu ebusweni (ngenxa umsebenzi izinhlelo sokusebenza). Ukusebenzisa izinzwa kukalwa nezici zabo ezingokomzimba. Lezi izinzwa ukuthola kanyekanye ukwandisa nemingcele kuchazwa, ngakho amagugu etholwe zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela amasignali begazi. Kususelwa le ndlela, laba bacwaningi ukuphetha ngokuthi iyiphi izinqubo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo bayinhliziyo kwanoma yiliphi isu, Dynamics zabo ngokuhamba yokwelapha ukuchayeka.

Ngakho, psychophysiology - isayensi, kwencazelo okuyinto uvezwa ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Saxoxa kuncike yayo, indlela, umlando kanye nentuthuko, kanye amanye amagatsha ezibalulekile. Psychophysiology - isayensi Ucwaninga ngendlela ingqondo izitho zomzimba womuntu, ngakho-ke ine imvelo imikhakha eyahlukene.