Inani labantu base-Andorra: labantu, yobuhlanga

isimo lobuchwepheshe bama Miniature, ame phezu emithambekeni aseningizimu izintaba zasePyrenees ezingomakhelwane eFrance naseSpain, Andorra, inomlando omude futhi eyingqayizivele. Inani labantu base-uhulumeni Andorra sika kuyinto ingxube engavamile bezizwe, kodwa abantu bakuleli zwe bazibiza Andorrans futhi uyaziqhenya ukukhuluma mayelana ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ubani lo igama uyaziqhenya - andorrets? Cabangela izici izici nabantu bakuleli zwe.

polity

Ubukhulu of Andorra Valley kungokwalabo mini-uthi eYurophu. Ohlukile lizwe ukuthi, naphezu enjalo omakhelwane enamandla efana eSpain eFrance, it uphatha emakhulwini amaningi ukuze alondoloze uzibuse. Inani labantu base-Andorra phambi 1993 ekukhokheleni ubukhosi bazo intela Uhulumeni French futhi uMbhishobhi Urgell.

Isikhulu umzimba wezwe - General Council wezigodi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, wahlala amandla okuzisholo yezikhulu, kodwa namuhla bavela imisebenzi ikakhulukazi ummeleli. State ngokuvumelana omakhelwane enkulu ayinakho impi, izwe waziphatha ukuvikelwa eFrance naseSpain, oda sangaphakathi ukusekelwa amaphoyisa.

Icala main ekhatsi Andorra okubizwa ngokuthi iGceke yeMantshi, futhi kufanele izinkantolo ngokoMthethosisekelo, nokuthola ubulungiswa ophakeme kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu. inhlokodolobha wezwe lingumuzi Andorra la Vella, elise phezulu ezintabeni. Leli zwe isiko esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto elixutshwe izimpande iSpanishi ne isiFulentshi, kodwa ngesisekelo isiko kanye nesazisi abantu inquma umqondo yayo ohlukile futhi ukuzimela. Ngoba abakhileyo ezweni elincane enjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze alondoloze ungubani futhi ihluke omakhelwane bayo, ngakho Andorrans singalazisa ngokucophelela nemicikilisho yazo kwamasiko namasiko. Kukhona inala imikhosi kanye imicimbi, iningi okuyinto ezihlobene nenkolo.

geography

Andorra - elinezintaba, akukho iphuzu ngaphansana 900 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Kuyinto iyizwe elincane, lo wesithupha encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, elise esigodini eningizimu izintaba zasePyrenees. endaweni yayo imayelana 450 amakhilomitha square.

Ukubukeka kwale lizwe - entabeni, ngenombolo enkulu imifula, amahlathi namathafa amancane e kanti izigodi eziphakathi iziqongo. Inani labantu base-Andorra ojwayele yokuthi banayo ukuhlala endaweni izimo kunalokho nokhahlo. Kukhona izwe elincane kakhulu ukuthi singahlakulelwa, kodwa ngenxa budebuduze iMedithera ukumboza ezintabeni kusukela enyakatho emoyeni ukusakaza akhiwa nakwezifudumele entabeni sezulu, okuyinto enhle kakhulu empilweni. Lapha eside, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa omnene ebusika kunothile imvula. I-annual lokushisa ezigodini kuyinto 22 degrees. Ezintabeni, yebo, amakhaza, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

ulimi

Inani labantu base-Andorra iningi ukukhuluma isi-Catalan. Yasungulwa njengengxenye Gallo-Romance. Catalan eliseduze isiFulentshi, nabo banayo lwemisuka ngaphandle iSpanishi, nabo usalelwe nethonya mutual. Kulesi ulimi, esikhulunywa abantu abangaba ngu-40% wesibalo sabantu. Kancane angaphezu kuka-30% ukuyibhala iSpanishi, mayelana 15% - ngesiPutukezi. Ngakolunye izilimi akhawunti inombolo encane abahlala. Kulokhu, isiNgisi futhi kabanzi idliwe Andorra, ikakhulukazi izindawo izivakashi.

Hlola umlando

Eyokuqala yokupaka ensimini yezwe, abavubukuli esukela emuva le Ubudala Ice. Labantu lokuqala sedentary ka Andorra - amaRoma, wona ku-220 BC athumba ezweni, ngokuletha lapha ngolimi lwabo nendlela yabo yokuphila. Ngaphansi kwegunya eRoma endaweni kwaze kwaba iminyaka 414. Emva kwalesi sikhathi kubuya ezweni lalibuswa izizwe yamaVisigoth.

Isimo phansi Andorra is uyasho noCharlemagne ngubani e 790, ukuzimela yibhange ala mazwe. Wanqoba amaviyo Saracens ngosizo abakhileyo esigodini Andorra. Ngenxa yalesi, wabiza abantu ozijameleko wamnika isivikelo sakhe. Isimo baba ingxenye ukugcotshwa ka Urgell.

Ngo 817, izwe ngokusemthethweni baba ingxenye yoMbuso Frankish, Louis the abangcwele anikezwe wethiwa Duchy Omkhulu weNkululeko, iFreedom Charter. emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka izwe lalinenkinga kuphangwa bahlaseli, kodwa ngempumelelo wacasulwa kubo. Ngo 1278 isivumelwano esasayinwa ubukhosi ombaxambili Andorra. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke yena uncome (ngesimo ukudla) waseFrance uMbhishobhi Urgell (Spain). Lesi simo lanqoba kwaze kwaba ngo-1993, lapho uMthethosisekelo omusha ka Andorra kwavunyelwana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isimo sokuba ilungu UN, ngo-1994, ingxenye yoMkhandlu WaseYurophu.

Dynamics labantu kanye kwabantu bayo

Andorra labantu (labantu ngo-2015 we 71.000 abantu) okuyinto has ukuthambekela omnene ekukhuleni, wenzalo kudaleke zimpi ahlukahlukene nge yangenyama. Le mizamo iveza imiphumela, inkomba yokuqala manje cishe kabili eliphezulu njengoba yesibili. Kulo nyaka kulindeleke sokuzalwa kwezingane 700 kanye nokufa abantu mayelana 450. inombolo zezakhamuzi ukukhula rate kufanele sifinyelele ngo-2016 umuntu oyedwa ngosuku.

Insimu Andorra - 468 amakhilomitha square. Bahlala, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, abantu 71 000. Ngakho, izibalo ezilula sikwazi ukuqondisisa ukuthi inhlanganiso labantu yezwe abantu abangu-153 square kilometre. Kuthatha indawo 48 emhlabeni kule inkomba. Ukuze uqhathanise, ngo bamazwe yemifino - Monaco - kwabantu zabantu 16.000 square kilometre.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Ekhatsi Andorra, zikhona izimo sasivumela elawula for ababaleki, ngakho nawa abantu abambalwa, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene ukuhamba amagagasi zomlando. Kodwa izwe ayizange lidlule ukuthambekela isici ukuba Izindawo lezizwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngakho-ke, inani labantu Andorra, ubuzwe elinikeza ngekwehlukana kwabo, ayikwazi kubhekwe eyohlobo. Ukwakheka kwalo yobuhlanga ikhombisa izigaba futhi izici yezwe zokuhlala. 45,9% labantu andorrantsy. I koloni elikhulu labantu abavela kwamanye amazwe - a-Spanish (26.37% abantu sebebonke). I-Portuguese ezakha 14.2%, isiFulentshi - engaphansana nje kwengu-5%, i-British - 1.27%, bezinye izizwe - 7,32%.

Ubudala kwamangqamuzana

Ukusatshalaliswa labantu ngobudala lembula okulandelayo. Umnyaka imidiyeni Andorra - iminyaka 42,4. Ubude bempilo uneminyaka engu 82,6, ngokuvumelana le nkomba, izwe lifaka lwesikhombisa emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo 15.6% we lonke inani Andorrans - izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15.

Inani labantu base-Andorra, lapho izingane are okuncane, sibonakala sethusa, njengoba kukhona ingozi ukuya iqembu ezifana izwe ukuguga. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke abangontanga abahlali - iyona labantu zokusebenza yobudala abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-64, kuba 71,4%. Iqembu labantu abadala has 13%. inombolo enjalo labantu asebekhulile kanye nokwenyuka sokuphila kungenziwa ngokuthi izwe Andorra ukuguga kwabantu. Kuyoba kancane kancane ukwandisa isibalo sabantu ubudala zihlaba, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína kwezomnotho, uhulumeni ilimala wahlanganyela ikhambi yenkinga yezibalo.

ukuncika isilinganiso

2016 labantu Andorra abantu 71.000, kuyilapho ingxenye ngobukhulu - sabantu abasebenzayo yobudala. Le nkomba ivumela ukubala inani ukuncika isilinganiso - kuba 40%. Lesi sibalo global sincane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi abantu abasebenza kalula ukusekela izingane zabo. Ukufaneleka ubuhlobo phakathi ukusebenza labantu abahlala abadala futhi ivumela ukubala Coefficient impesheni umthwalo Andorra kuba 18.2%. Isiphetho siwukuthi, ne okwandayo bempilo kanye aphansi okuzala ngesilinganiso kuyinto inkomba okwethusayo, othi ezweni kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuwagcina umhlalaphansi yayo.

Ubulili nobudala mbhoshongo ekhatsi Andorra simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- engakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu-amadoda engu-15 ubudala ezweni namuhla 5760, abesifazane - 5456;

- abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-amadoda angu-16 kuya 65 26726, abesifazane - 24602;

- abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo - 4661.

Le modeli uthi Andorra - iyizwe nokuncipha, regressing noma uhlobo ukuguga. Ngakho, izinga umthwalo nempesheni amathemba okwethusayo yezwe ukuqinisekisa abadala. A mkhuba efanayo manje ebonwe cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu, futhi izwe ngalinye uzama ukuxazulula le nkinga kwayona. Emazweni amaningi, lisuswe ngenxa ukuthutheleka kwababaleki, kodwa Andorra ngale ndlela cishe kungenakwenzeka.

kwamangqamuzana ngokocansi

Izibalo ukusatshalaliswa ngokobulili kwabakhileyo kuleli zwe kubonisa ukuthi isibalo sabesifazane wokuthi imfushane kunalokho eyabantu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-15, umehluko kubantu abangaba ngu-300. Lapho isikhulile, lo mehluko - izinkulungwane zabantu 2, futhi kuphela lapho umuntu eguga inani emabhilidini is equalized. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi labantu Andorra, lapho abantu baphila ngaphansi jikelele kunabesifazane ngaphandle ithobela ziyamaniswa nokungangeni zangaphandle, futhi kukhona ngaphakathi kwemingcele bokubeletha zemvelo, umfana njalo ozalwa ngaphezulu, futhi ube neminyaka ethile ubudala ziyosinda kangcono.

umnotho

Uma ucabangela labantu Andorra, ukusatshalaliswa yayo ezweni lonke, ungabona ngezici ezithile. Esikhathini yamuva, abantu balapha ikakhulukazi wahlala ezindaweni ezincane zasemaphandleni, imikhaya 5-6, kodwa kwabantu intuthuko enjalo ngokuvamile okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Namuhla, izakhamuzi ikakhulukazi iyiswe imizi nemizana e Andorra kancane. Lokhu kungenxa umnotho wezwe. Andorra - ezweni okukhona ikakhulukazi ngenxa ezokuvakasha (80% wesabelo). Kuyinto ipharadesi langempela ezemidlalo ebusika, kanye nezivakashi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-9 uze lapha njalo ngonyaka.

Ngamagama we-GDP yezwe ivuliwe endaweni 19 emhlabeni. On endaweni yayo ngokuyinhloko ugwayi, ifenisha, uboya bezimvu bungabathinti, nasemisebenzini yezandla. Zonke main imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa ingeniswe ku Andorra. Omkhulu usizo umnotho siyisivumelwano ku ukuhweba khulula, okwenza eziningi imikhiqizo ezishibhile emazweni angomakhelwane. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi abaseSpain kanye French ngokuvamile ukuza Andorra i usuku phandle yezitolo, ukuthenga ikakhulukazi nogwayi notshwala.

umsebenzi

I ngokucacile komnotho kuholela yokuthi emkhakheni iyasebenza 94,4% labantu, ngaphansi kuka-1% bekwi ezolimo, e umkhakha - 4.7%. On isizini okusezingeni eliphezulu ekhatsi Andorra kuza eziningi ayizisebenzi, okuvumela ukuba amboze izidingo olungeziwe izinsiza zokusebenza. Nokho, lolu hlobo kudala inkinga nge omsebenzi bendawo. Izinga lokungasebenzi kuleli zwe - 2.9%. Izici etimakethe kuholela yokuthi labantu Andorra, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, abakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi njalo. Ngezinga enkulu kumayelana wobulili efanele yobudala engu-25-45 kanye imfundo ephakeme.