Ukukhiqizwa, izinhlobo kanye nokuphila kwelanga lesamente

I-samente ingenye yezinto zokwakha eziyinhloko. Ngaphandle kwalo, ayikho isakhiwo esisodwa sokwakhiwa. Kubalulekile kokubili ukuqinisa isisekelo kanye nokuqeda imisebenzi. Lezi zinto zibalulekile namuhla, futhi azikho izifaniso. Ukukhethwa okukhulu kwabakhiqizi kanye nemikhiqizo yesimiso kwenza kube nzima ukukhetha. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqonda zonke iziqili namasu, ukuze ungalahleki futhi uthole umphumela omuhle ekugcineni. Uma ufisa, ungathenga usimende emasakeni noma ngobuningi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Cement

Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwale ndaba abukashintshi kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe kuphela bube ngcono futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza zancishisiwe. Imishini yesimanje ikuvumela ukuba uthole umkhiqizo wekhwalithi enezinkomba eziphezulu zekhwalithi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwesimiso kuvame ukusebenza ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

• Ama-limestones, okuyinto engxenyeni eyinhloko yale nhlanganisela, echotshozwa yaba yizicucu ezincane emva kokukhipha, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-10 cm. Ubukhulu obunjalo bubizwa ngokuthi i-slime. Khona-ke iyophindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube ukuvumelana okufisayo.
• Emva kwalokhu, inqubo yokomisa noma yokukhipha iyaqhubeka. Konke kuxhomeke kunjani indlela esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqwaba ekhishwayo igxothwa kuhhavini emazingeni okushisa kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho zonke izingxenye ziqala ukuncibilika. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, i-clinker yesimali isakhiwe ngesimo sezinyosi ezincane.
• Khona-ke kutholakala ngokucophelela esimweni se powdery.
• Isigaba esilandelayo sibonakala ngokungezwa kwe-gypsum. Kudinga kuphela 5% kuphela. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuqina kwesimali. Futhi, ukuthuthukisa izici zezinto ezibonakalayo, amaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye zifakwa ekubunjweni.

Izici eziyinhloko nezakhiwo

Wonke umuntu uyazi izimfanelo ezingapheli zokugqoka, kodwa akekho ocabanga ngezinzuzo zayo. I-quality yamakhemikhali, izici zazo eziphakeme kakhulu, ziyiqiniso, zizohluka ngezindleko nokulayishwa. Kodwa, ukunaka ezinye izinkomba zayo, ungakhetha umkhiqizo ophezulu ozobhekana ngokugcwele nemisebenzi yawo futhi uhlangabezane nezilindelo zakho.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa. Abaningi babhekene nenkinga yobuqotho besembatho samakhemikhali ngokuphathelene nomthelela wendawo enonya noma ukuxhumana ngokweqile ngamanzi ajwayelekile. Ukwandisa impilo ye-samente nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo, udinga ukunaka ukwakheka. Ezimweni eziningi, amandla enhlanganisela akhuliswa izithasiselo ezikhethekile ze-polymer.

Lapho wenza isisombululo, qaphela ngokukhethekile inani lemanti elongezwe kumxube omile. I-microparticles yamakhemikhali kanokuphindwe kathathu ngobuningi futhi iyakwazi ukuthatha inani elihlukile liketshezi. Uma ungacabangi ngezibalo, ezinye zalezi zinhlayiyana zizohlala, kanti enye ingxenye, ngokuphambene nalokho, izovuka phezulu emva kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukungabi namandla namandla okubhujiswa.

Ukugaya kwe-samente okunamandla kuyathinta kokubili ikhwalithi yayo futhi, ngokufanele, izindleko zomkhiqizo. Ezincane izinhlayiya, ngokushesha ziyokwenza lukhuni, futhi isikhathi eside sokuphila kwazo. Kodwa hhayi njalo inani elincane lama-microparticles linikeza imiphumela emihle. Zama ukukhetha isilinganiso esihle sokugaya okuncane nokukhudlwana. Yile nhlanganisela ezoqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezinto ezizayo esikhathini esizayo.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela amandla nokuzinza okuphephile. Unganaki noma yiziphi izici ezingenhla. Konke kubalulekile futhi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, abakhiqizi bazama ukuhlanganisa konke okungcono komkhiqizo owodwa. Kodwa kukhona labo, ngenxa yokunciphisa ezinye izici, bakhulise kakhulu abanye. Lapha, wonke umuntu ukhetha inguqulo yakhe, ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi kanye nokulindelwe okubekiwe.

Izimo zesitoreji se-Cement

Ukuze imininingwane ingalahlekelwa yizimfanelo zayo, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo zokugcina nokusebenza ezidingekayo ngumenzi. Lokhu kuphela okuyoqinisekisa ukuthi ukufaneleka kwezimpahla isikhathi eside (noma ngisho nangaphezulu), njengoba kuthembisiwe umenzi.

Indawo yokugcina i-samente kufanele ibe yomile. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyimfuneko ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukugcina imininingwane. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yempahla yesamente ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha umswakama (ngisho nasemoyeni). Ngezinhloso ezifanayo, igumbi elinomoya omuhle lokuphuza umoya liyadingeka. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhwama, okuthunyelwe ukugcina isitoreji, kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi ubuqotho bephakheji.

Isilwane impilo yesimenti

Uma sinikeza isilinganiso esijwayelekile, khona-ke lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukushintsha phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ukuphila kwemali yesamente kuncike ezintweni eziningi futhi kungahluka. Ngokwezinhlobo ezisheshayo lesi sibonakaliso singaphansi - cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unake usuku lokukhiqizwa kanye nempilo ekhonjiwe yeshalofu.

Ithonya lezici ezingaphandle

Ikhwalithi yesimali ingathonywa indlela egcinwe ngayo, izindlela zokuthutha kanye nomkhiqizo womkhiqizo uqobo. Uma kwenzeka ukuphathwa okungalungile kwesitsha, ukucindezeleka kungase kwenzeke futhi ingxube eyomile iyokwamukela umswakama ophakathi kwe-vellum medium. Lokhu ngeke nje kuncishiswe impilo yeshalafu samamente, kodwa futhi kuzokukhipha izakhiwo zayo eziyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, izimo zokugcina kufanele zihlangane, futhi ingxube ifakwe emasakeni akhethekile. Uma lezi zimo zifinyelelwa, impilo yeshalofu ingaba yiminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwemibili.

Izinhlobo zomxube

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesimente, ngasinye esiluhluke ekubunjweni nasezintweni zokusetshenziswa. Okuvamile kakhulu okulandelayo:

• I-Calcareous.
• UMugelisty.
• Clayey.

Lezi zinhlobo zinamandla kakhulu ekumelaneni nezinguquko zamanzi nezokushisa:

• Portland.
• Slagoportland.

Lolu hlobo lwesimeme luhlukaniswa nobunzima balo nokumelana nokubola.

• Hydraulic . Iphuza ngokushesha amanzi futhi ibuye iqede ngokushesha.
• Ukunciphisa . Eyaziwa ngamandla aphezulu futhi evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamadamu, amadamu kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezingenawo amanzi.
• Ukuhlobisa . Inombala omhlophe ongathathi hlangothi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqedela imisebenzi.
• Sulfate-resistant . Ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.