Ukukhiqizwa umjikelezo: isikhathi lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa, izingxenye, ukubala

Kuphethe cwaningo zomnotho, inkampani service okuhambisanayo ucabangela inhlangano zokukhiqiza at engele ezahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukudala isithombe esinembile ngokukhulisa izinqubo ezenzeka sikhungo. singaphetha ngokuthi abheke ukuthi kungenzeka imisebenzi yenkampani ngesisekelo ukuhlaziywa idatha. Futhi etholwe ngokuhamba uphenyo, ulwazi ivumela ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa esizayo.

Lapho uqhuba azihlole kubhekwa umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Isikhathi umjikelezo zokukhiqiza ukhonza isigaba ezibalulekile kwezomnotho. It ikuvumela ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nebhizinisi yenkampani kanye ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo yokuthuthukisa inkomba esikhathini ukuhlela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa komnotho eyethulwe isigaba okudingeka siwuphendule enemininingwane.

Umbono ovamile lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa

Omunye izinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu inkampani umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Isikhathi umjikelezo zokukhiqiza ubhekwa ngesisekelo sokubalwa ezihlukahlukene nakweminye imikhakha ukuhlaziya imisebenzi yezomnotho kwenhlangano. Ngakho kungenzeka yokuthuthukisa lonke uhlelo ukusebenza lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho esikhathini esizayo.

Umjikelezo ukukhiqiza phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, kubalwa ezinsukwini zekhalenda, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho eceleni noma uhlobo lomkhiqizo isidlulile zonke izigaba indalo yayo. ngaleyo ndlela Ukukhiqiza izingxenye igcwaliswe sinyathelo okungase bawaphendule wabo kuthunyelwe ukuqaliswa. It sebeqedile imikhiqizo.

Isikhathi inqubo ukukhiqizwa kukalwa kusukela ngowokuqala zokugcina inqubo isinyathelo. Kuye uhlobo lomkhiqizo, lokhu ipharamitha ungaphakathi imizuzu, amahora noma izinsuku.

kudingeke bazihlole

Ukubalwa imijikelezo ukukhiqizwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziywa komnotho. Lendlelanchubo yakhiwe kubhekwe ekuhloleni ibhizinisi yasekuqaleni. On osekelwe kuyo, ucabangela nezinye izinkomba.

Ngalo kunqunywa usuku kwethulwa umkhiqizo omusha ekukhiqizweni. Lokhu ucabangela ubude indalo yakhe. Futhi, umjikelezo zokukhiqiza kusivumela ukulinganisa izigaba amandla. On osekelwe kuyo, thina kubalwa inani oqhubekayo.

Baningi impela bekuhlela ne ubuchwepheshe ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kucatshangelwa isikhathi lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi definition inqubo nencazelo.

Izingxenye lomjikelezo

Inqubo ukukhiqizwa - ukulandelana kwemisebenzi ethile yokukhiqiza, okuholela ezihambayo izinto zomsebenzi. Ngakho kukhona ushintsho isimo sabo, izici, Ubukhulu.

Umjikelezo ukukhiqizwa inezingxenye eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa amahora okusebenza, esikhathini kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo (isib inki omiswe) amakhefu. isici ngasinye kunakwe lapho kubalwa isikhathi lomjikelezo. Umsebenzi siqukethe imisebenzi kwezobuchwepheshe kanye non-zobuchwepheshe. Breaks kungenziwa mezhsmennoe futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi imishini umsebenzi. Lezi zihlanganisa partionnye okulindele. Kukhona futhi kwakuke kumiwe kubangelwa inhlangano engenangqondo inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Le nqubo kungaba zizoyeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa izimo ezingalindelekile. Lapho kubalwa isikhathi lomjikelezo uyakucabangela wonke amakhefu, ngaphandle kwalawo okudalwe inhlangano abampofu zokukhiqiza kanye izenzeko okungahleliwe.

Yini kuthinta umjikelezo?

Ziningi izici nomthelela esikhathini umjikelezo. Kunemtselela kuNingizimu kubo, ungakwazi ukusebenza kwenhlangano. Endaweni yokuqala isikhathi umjikelezo kuthinta eyinkimbinkimbi. Sikhanyisiwe kulingane kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono yeziqondiso. Bona ukuchaza ngesikhathi lapho umkhiqizo osuphelile eyatholakala.

Futhi esikhathini umjikelezo kuthinta Usayizi party. isikhathi Ebalulekile esichithwa non-zobuchwepheshe ukusebenza amakhefu. Enye yezinto ezinkulu ezithinta ukubaluleka isikhathi umjikelezo, uhlobo ukunyakaza ubhekwa ukucutshungulwa ngale ndaba kuyi-inqubo indalo yayo.

Abaphathi, osomnotho, abaphathi ibhizinisi e inqubo ukuhlaziya eseqedile imikhiqizo ukukhiqizwa isikhathi kumelwe asinake izingqinamba. ukususwa yabo kwandisa nekusebenta inkampani.

imininingwane ukukhuthazwa

Kuye isimiso ukunyakazisa izingxenye, izakhi ngesikhathi womshini umkhiqizo wokugcina kukhona izinhlobo eziningana imijikelezo. Lokhu kubonelelwe ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela ikusasa inkampani.

Izinhlobo imijikelezo ukukhiqizwa, kuye ngokuthi izimo omgwaqo evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye okufanayo, serial okuxubile. Lena isici esibalulekile enhlanganweni kwayo yonke le nqubo.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ezilandelanayo salo lonke izinto Labour Party iya esigabeni esilandelayo kuphela emva kokwelashwa odlule. Esigabeni ngasinye womshini imikhiqizo kuyinto self-equkethwe, ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe.

Ngo parallel, ukucutshungulwa ngamunye nto ngqo adluliselwa esigabeni esilandelayo ukucubungula. Kulokhu, isikhathi zokukhiqiza is kakhulu ziyancipha. Lapho okuxubile umsebenzi ezinyakazayo izinto izingxenye kancane kuzocutshungulwa inqubo eyodwa isinyathelo futhi wamukela olandelayo batch isinyathelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ukuphumula futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka.

Ukubalwa imijikelezo ngokulandelana

Inqubo ukukhiqizwa - kuyinto esigabeni kwesejwayelekile. Zivela lokhu, kungenzeka ukubala ukubaluleka umjikelezo ngamunye. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uqhathanise ubude izinqubo eziningana. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ezilandelanayo yomsebenzi izinto wazo wokugcina umjikelezo ingabalwa impela nje.

Ake sithi inkampani ekhiqiza imikhiqizo, iqembu esakhiwa imikhiqizo 3. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe inqubo izikhathi ezine zilandelana. Isigaba sokuqala kuthatha imizuzu engu-10, owesibili -. 30 imiz, eyesithathu -. 20 imiz, kanti owesine -. 10 imizuzu. Kulokhu, eqinile ngesikhathi esithile (kubalwa ochwepheshe). Isikhathi kuhlelwe lomjikelezo kuyoba:

T = 3 (10 + 30 + 20 + 10) = 210 imiz.

Khona-ke, nale inkomba kuqhathaniswa langempela isikhathi ukukhiqizwa. Uma kudingeka, ukukhomba nekugwema izingqinamba.

Ibala isikhathi umjikelezo parallel

Ukukhiqiza izingxenye, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo parallel, kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi. Uma ubuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba sisebenzise ukunyakaza lezinto zomsebenzi, kuba inzuzo kakhulu. Ifomula ukubala isikhathi umjikelezo kulokhu kanje:

T = t / C + (np) tmax / Cmax, lapho p - usayizi batch, t - ubude wokusebenza ngamunye, C - isibalo semisebenzi, tmax - operation omude kunayo yonke, Cmax - inombolo enkulu lemisebenzi shift.

Uma sithatha idatha odlule ukubala Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha ubukhulu eningi 1, umjikelezo kuyoba:

T = (10 + 20 + 30 + 10) + (3 - 1) = 130 30 imiz.

Kuyinto 80 imiz. ngokushesha kunokuba umjikelezo ezilandelanayo.

Umthelela on inzuzo

Umkhiqizo ngokushesha ekhiqizwa batch, ngcono. Kulokhu, ikhwalithi akusho ukuwohloka. Ukuncishiswa umjikelezo zokukhiqiza kuholela ekwandeni inzuzo kusukela ukudayiswa. Lesi sibalo kuyingxenye umjikelezo ukunyakazisa kokusebenza. Kule isici incike indlela izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka inkampani uzokwazi ekubonile nqwaba umkhiqizo isiqedile.

Uma inzuzo ukwanda kuzokwenzeka okufanayo ne yokuthengisa insimu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukunciphisa isikhathi lapho imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa. Uma yashesha ukusebenza dolobha umjikelezo, yakhulula izinsiza esikhuthaza ukwanda sesimanje.

ivolumu zokukhiqiza kuyinto sidle futhi kuncipha. Inkampani kudedela uketshezi nezinto zethu ezibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngokugcwele umthwalo amakhono.

Izici Inkomba emikhakheni eyehlukene

Isikhathi umjikelezo zokukhiqiza kanye izingxenye kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa uhlobo imikhakha yezomnotho, ezingeni imishini, inhlangano ukukhiqizwa senqubo yokukhiqiza, nokunye. D.

Ukuze amagatsha ngezinga eliphezulu imishini (ubunjiniyela, imayini, amakhemikhali umkhakha nokunye. D.) Ingabe kubaluleke kakhulu ukusheshisa umjikelezo. Lapho ukunciphisa isibalo inqubo izinyathelo ubelokhu ngendlela engaguquguquki nomphumela omuhle. Nokho, zonke izinyathelo ezihlose nekwandzisa umtsamo imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza, ehambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe lenhlangano yenqubo. Ukuncipha kwemisebenzi, ukusheshisa ukukhuthazwa umsebenzi izinto ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle nokugcinwa ezingeni lelisetulu izinga. ngamabomu, izenzo kuphela ibalwa kokucindezelwa lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa ezingase zithathwe practice.

Izenzo ukusheshisa umjikelezo

Inhlangano lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa wenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho kanye nezidingo ubuchwepheshe sivunyiwe. Nokho, kunezinhlobo ezintathu izinkomba kungenzeka ngenxa yokwanda izinga inzuzo. Basuke kwenziwe kanyekanye.

Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi, abasebenzi kanye izinqubo zemvelo, futhi iqedwe ngokuphelele noma sehliselwe isikhathi okungenani yonke amakhefu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sesimanje ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa futhi imishini.

Umklamo mkhiqizo kungenzeka ishintshe. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa isibalo nobude imisebenzi zobuchwepheshe. Ezinye ukwelashwa icubungula sibonga ucwaningo lwesayensi yanamuhla ekwazile kakhulu ijubane. Lokhu kudinga utshalomali. Ngaphandle-ke, ukudala umkhiqizo yokuncintisana kunzima kakhulu namuhla. Kahle ezicatshangwe design umkhiqizo osuphelile ikuvumela ukuba lelisu parallel esikhundleni ukukhuthazwa serial.

Ukusheshisa imisebenzi eyengeziwe

Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwezomnotho ibhizinisi esikhathini ukuhlela ekuqaleni ukuze kunqunywe umjikelezo ukukhiqiza phakathi nonyaka. Ngemva ukuhlaziywa yakhe yezenzakalo yakhelwe ukusheshisa inzuzo.

Ngaphezu kokwenza ngcono imisebenzi eyisisekelo, kufanele sinake izinqubo ezengeziwe. Lezi zihlanganisa i-control kanye nokuphathwa. Ukuze kusheshiswe supply kwemikhiqizo ukubhekisiswa tincenye izihloko ukusebenzisa imishini emisha kwezobuchwepheshe. Kungaba zokuthutha zanamuhla, zommbila, forklifts nokunye. D. It ikuvumela ukusebenzisa isimiso oqondile-ukugeleza, ngokuqhubeka ezokuthutha.

isilawuli esiteji ingaphinda yashesha ngokusebenzisa ezishintshayo, imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka uma ngokuhlanganisa lo msebenzi kanye lobuchwepheshe ukucutshungulwa isinyathelo.

ukwanda ukukhiqizwa

Ukuphumelela imisebenzi yenkampani kuthinte umjikelezo ehleleke kahle ukukhiqiza. Isikhathi umjikelezo zokukhiqiza yanda nge ukwanda ukukhiqizwa yokukhiqiza. It ikuvumela ukuba ulayishe amandla esiphezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa intrashop Ingxenye nezindleko interplant. Futhi kunciphisa izindleko umkhiqizo osuphelile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kwenhlangano kufanele uthole zigcine ukunciphisa isikhathi umjikelezo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ngcono imishini kanye nobuchwepheshe, sijulise ukubambisana kanye lunye, isingeniso ngentuthuko yakamuva zesayensi. Kuphela inhlangano elilingene ngokwezimboni yonke inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kunikeza yi emihle, futhi kuholela inzuzo anda.

Ngemva kokufunda indlela wokubalisisa begodu izici incazelo, isevisi yokuphatha kungaba ayichaze zokulawula kanye langempela umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Isikhathi umjikelezo zokukhiqiza kuyehla ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kahle eklanyelwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ke, inkampani ungenza inzuzo enkulu esikhathini samanje kunonyaka odlule.