Ukuklama Izakhiwo zokuhlala: izici, izinyathelo kanye nezincomo

которых будут описаны далее, бывают разной объемно-пространственной, планировочной структуры и этажности. Izindlu, amazinga design okuzokwenziwa elichazwa kamuva, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ifomu ngakuthathu, isakhiwo bekuhlela ne ukuphakama. Phakathi kwabo kanye uxhumano ngaphandle zingase zimiswe ezihlukahlukene. Nencazelo efanele yegama inani storeys izakhiwo, isakhiwo isikhala-ukuhlela Kubalulekile kokubili architecturally nangokwezimali.

design Esifanele futhi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ukunikeza ikhambi izinkinga abalulekile emphakathini. Ngenxa yalokho, it wadala izimo esifanele ukuphila kwabantu.

Kukhethwa inani storeys

производится с учетом, в первую очередь, экономических факторов. Ukwakhela multi-umndeni izindlu senziwa ikhumbula, okokuqala kunakho konke, izinkinga zomnotho. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, kuyinto isidingo ukuthi siphakamise Chutes kudivayisi nezinye izakhi. Bona ukwandisa izindleko ukuklama indlu yokuhlala futhi ukusebenza ezakhiweni zalo. Buildings kuze 5 phansi, futhi ezindaweni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi - ezine, kungukuthi ifakwe zommbila. Ezakhiweni ezinjalo kahle esetshenziswa izindonga, isisekelo izakhiwo, ezinengilazi. izakhiwo 4-5 storey eyakhelwe ngokuyinhloko naphakathi, elincane, amadolobha ingxenye enkulu, labantu okungabanga bikho kuso abangaphezu kuka-250 eziyinkulungwane, kanye nemizana ezingaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu kunikeza ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo insimu, ngezidingo, ezokuthutha.

Design izigaba lwendlu efulethini

Ukudala uhlelo zokwakha uhlanganisa:

• Oku-esiteji. Yena, unezigaba ezimbili: iqoqo idatha kanye processing methodological idatha.
• Isinyathelo Sketchily. Lapho kuseshwa wakhe ukuze bathole izixazululo. Okusalungiswa esiteji ubhekwa emaphakathi design isici. Kulesi sigaba, umcondvo lobalulekile is zavela.

• ukuthuthukiswa Creative. Lesi sigaba, eqinisweni, umklamo. Kungathatha Adalberto isikhathi eside. Ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi oyinhloko ingafika ukungaguquguquki ngaphakathi kubo, interconnectedness kuzo zonke izici izixazululo yezakhiwo. . Facilities edingekayo imingcele kuhlanganisa umsebenzi ukuklama indlu.

inqubekela

начинается с пространственной интерпретации функционального чертежа. Ukuklama kwezindlu iqala incazelo kwezendawo umdwebo sokusebenza. Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, zonke izindawo kumele zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu athile. Ufaka nabo nendawo futhi zibheka kuchazwe ubudlelwano obusebenzayo ukuba phakathi kwabo. amaqembu Ukushayela ukuhlela izindawo, izakhiwo ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo iyawakha ngokuhambisana uhlobo isakhiwo. Injongo ebaluleke kakhulu kanye izakhiwo ezinkulu lekufanele core kwengoma. Planirovochnoj umdwebo idwetshwa emgceni. Khona-ke ngibuye ngilakhe nokuzihlukanisa kwesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela core ISIZINDA. Ngemva kokwenza izidingo ukusebenza isakhiwo ezakhiwe isakhiwo ngobuningi.

izidingo epulanini Basics

средней этажности выполняется в соответствии с особенностями размещения участка в функциональной структуре сельских, городских и иных поселений. Design ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo zokuhlala wenziwa ngokuhambisana ingxenye izici yokuhlala e isakhiwo obusebenzayo abahlala emaphandleni, ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kanye nezinye. izinhlobo yokugcina ichazwe GrK (ISiphakamiso 5). Ngesikhathi isinqumo we plan master kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa insimu - akwamukeleki evumayo yokwakha endaweni lapho udinga nemicimbi ekhethekile, ngokwezinto imiyalelo ye SNIP.

izenzo ezidingekayo

домов выполняется при соблюдении предписаний по: Ukuklama Izakhiwo zokuhlala Kwenziwa kuhambisana nezidingo:

• Conservancy.
• Ukuvikelwa indawo umsindo qeda amagesi nomthamo, emisebeni yemvelo ehlukene.

umsebenzi Inxanxathela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nempilo imvelo imiphumela ebuhlungu elihlobene ne ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nezinye kudingekile ukunikeza ngokuhambisana abayizikwele asho okususiwe emthethweni zokulawula elawula ukuphepha kwemvelo.

amapharamitha

Kuphethe design Izakhiwo zokuhlala, abadlali kuzomele sifake hydrants ukulwa nemililo. Phakathi izingxenye eside izakhiwo ezine ibanga akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-20 m phakathi kwawo kube semikhawulweni izakhiwo kanye amafasitela -. Okungenani 10 m indiza ngezikhawu bavunyelwe ukunciphisa kuncike amazinga iLuminance futhi insolation uma enikeziwe Ngcono neprosmatrivaemost kusuka window eyodwa kuya kwenye. Buildings nge ezindlini Esitezi kuyadingeka ukuba ube yilungu sihlehliswe kusukela umugqa obomvu. Kanye ke kuvumelekile ukubeka ibhilidi noma esakhelwe noma ezindaweni ezakhelene ayezosetshenziswa umphakathi. I Kunconywa uphahla ukuphakama - 2.8 m.

yokungena endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi

предусматривает включение в план: Ukuklama Izakhiwo zokuhlala senzelwe ukubandakanya kule plan:

• Vestibules. Zingaba olulodwa noma kabili, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu.
• endaweni egumeni.
• Facilities esemsebenzini emnyango.

Lapho ihlela ukuba kube neqembu okokufaka Kumele unikeze ukufinyelela izindlu abantu ukuhamba elinganiselwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo engamiswanga snip 35-01.

yokwamukela izivakashi

Lezi izakhiwo emafulethini, ngaphezu evinjelwe, ihlukaniswe esakhelwe / Attached ibekwe eceleni noma ingxenye ongakasetshenzwa phasi. Ngokuya indawo yokwamukela izivakashi zingase zihluke. Ngo umkhuba, sebenzisa ongakhetha yokuhlala maqondana engeyokuqala thwi kuyoshaya ukuxhumana kuseli ukwakhiwa-ukuhlela eseduze izitebhisi futhi uhlelo ikheshi noma oluphikisana ke.

Ikamelo isikhonzi

Kufanele kahle ukuze kuwo ungakwazi ukuqapha umnyango emnyango egumeni endaweni yezivakashi. Uma kuwukuzikhohlisa singanikezwanga esakhiweni, kufanele ukunikezela umbono zokuya izitebhisi. Ukuze ukubhekwa uhlelo isiqophi ingafakwa. Ikamelo kumele unikezwe air traffic isilawuli nezokuxhumana, futhi khona i entry ezifanele lo msebenzi - ne zokuhlala.

zokubhalisa amakhabethe

In efulethini izindlu, ngaphandle ivinjiwe, ebhokisini leposi kufanele afakwe Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi (akukho lift) indiza liletha main Esitezi ku, umhubhe ukuze izitebhisi. Uma ufaka amakhabethe udinga ukuthatha akhawunti yobukhulu bawo. Basuke elenga ezindongeni noma ibekwe ku niches ekhethekile ezingeni ukuphakama hhayi ngaphansi kuka 60 cm kusukela phansi. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ukhuphule amakhabethe ukuba surface eseduze amafulethi.

Cellars

Enhlabathini, kuqala noma engaphansi unganikezwa vnekvartirnye Umbuso amakamelo. Isibalo sawo kunqunywa isabelo design. Ngaphambi izindawo isitoreji enikeziwe imihubhe kokuba ububanzi hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.1 m. Ababhemayo ngokwabo kumelwe Uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo.

efulethini

Kuthathwa isici esiyisihluthulelo indlu. Le ndlu unganikezwa izakhiwo ngalokulingene, ngekwetinhloso letehlukene. Kungenzeka ophilayo, evulekile, esitolo. efulethini ngamunye inikeza yobunjiniyela. Esebenzisa amandla design isakhiwo yokuhlala, kubalulekile ukucacisa iphuzu wiring entry egumbini ngalinye. Njengengxenye efulethini sotsnaznacheniya avunyelwe, futhi ezinye izinhlobo izinto, sincoma kuhlomisa ezivulekile. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, amathala, verandas, balcony, loggias, njll

Le ndlu kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo zomuntu ngomuntu futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo umndeni wonkana. Leli qiniso inquma webumbacambili yezimfuneko amakamelo ezinjalo. Flats ukuba behlukene, kodwa eceleni kukhona ukwakha isikhala esisodwa.

amakamelo

Ahloselwe abantu bahlale kuwo ngqo. Amakamelo abhekwa ingxenye eyinhloko efulethini. Basuke ihlukaniswe izinhlobo, ngokuya ngendawo okuyiwa kuyo. Ngakho, igumbi elisetshenziselwa imisebenzi obschesemeynoy. Lokhu izikhala siqu (esinamakamelo, amahhovisi). Kwangathi ngaphezu kwalokho kube amakamelo enikeziwe yokudlela, amakamelo ophilayo, igumbi umdlalo nokunye.

Ukuklama emizi kanye Cottages

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudweba indaba emfushane ka ukwakhiwa esizayo kuyadingeka ukuchaza injongo yawo. Indlu kungabangwa yokuhlala unomphela noma kusetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela zonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka inombolo bantu yibona abayoba kuwo. Le phrojekthi kufanele zathi isibalo sezincwadi amakamelo amalungu omndeni kanye nezivakashi. Ngesikhathi sigaba wokulungiselela futhi Kudingeka sinqume ukuthi noma hhayi khona nezinye izakhiwo esakhiweni.

Isixazululo yezakhiwo

Yahlelwa, umculi udonsa indawo nazo zonke izakhiwo ezibonisa ubukhulu babo, ubhekisisa namakamelo engeziwe amanothi ezindaweni lapho kuyoba iminyango namafasitela. Ukwenza isixazululo yezakhiwo, kubalulekile ukucacisa indaba ka okuzokwenziwa izingxenye ekhiqizwa. Imidwebo kungaba ephepheni noma kwikhompyutha usebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile.

izinyathelo kwesakhiwo

Ngo kwenta tinhlaka isidingo ukubala zonke izingxenye isakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokunembile uhlobo isisekelo kanye nezinga Ukungena. Kuyadingeka ukuba abale ukushuba we izindonga, onezitezi phansi ukukhetha, kahle beka semishayweni ukunikeza ngefasitele. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka iqoqo imidwebo ne timphawu tesakhiwo izinhlelo. ihlanganiswe amanothi Ngakho ngezifunda ngamunye. Bengachaza izinto ezidingekayo futhi abale ukusetshenziswa yabo.

Engineering wezokuxhumana

Nabo umklamo kufanele unake okukhethekile. Hlela ukuxhumana lobuchwepheshe ingenye izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu imibhalo. Ngeke ukwazi ukwakha ngaphandle isakhiwo izinga. Amagama ubunjiniyela kanye lobuchwepheshe kubalwa amanzi, umoya, ukukhucululwa kwendle, Ukushisa, ugesi. Kufanele imumathe zonke izigaba ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi ekufezeni nezokuxhumana. Le phrojekthi kubonisa amandla sonke isakhiwo, uchaza umdwebo wiring kohlelo isisekelo. SiGaba ahlukene udonsela alamu umgqekezi.

isiphetho

Iphrojekthi ye zokuhlala kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Album ngemigwalo kanye Ukucaciswa.
• Esishoyo Amanothi.
• Izilinganiso.

Esigabeni sokuqhafaza iqukethe izinhlelo jikelele kanye nesimo, imidwebo izibuya ne nokubekwa ifenisha, awalethe, izigaba lesi sakhiwo. Le phrojekthi - ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezibizayo ezaziphase isakhiwo, izindleko okungaba kusuka 1 kuya ku-10% yezindleko imisebenzi esakhiweni.