Ukumemezela ngezimpahla ze-elekthronikhi. Isikhungo sokumemezela nge-elekthronikhi

Ukumemezela kwe-elekthronikhi yezimpahla kuyisimemezelo esithunyelwe ngummemezeli usebenzisa ifomu elikhethekile, ngencazelo yolwazi oluqondile lwezimpahla ezihamba emngceleni wamasiko weRussia Federation lapho kusetshenzwa khona imisebenzi yamasiko efanele. Ukufakwa kwesimemezelo kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okhethekile we-software, kanye ne-Intanethi.

Umqondo

Ukwakhiwa kwamasiko e- elekthronikhi yezimpahla kugxilwe ngumthetho. Kakade kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2014, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakwa kwe-elektroniki. Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zingabonakala ku-Code Customs Union Code. Futhi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe isu lezokuthuthukiswa kwamagatsha amasiko kuze kube ngu-2020. Enye yezinhlinzeko zalolu hlelo lunikezelwa ekushintsheni okuphelele endleleni okufanele kube khona isimiso sokumemezela ngezimpahla zezimpahla, kanye nezimoto. Ngo-2020, iphesenti yokufaka izimemezelo ezinjalo kufanele ibe ngu-100%.

Okukhulu kodwa "..."

Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuyoba nzima ukufika ekufakweni kwama-100% kwamafomu ngefomu lobuchwepheshe futhi, mhlawumbe, ngisho nakungenakwenzeka. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi kukhona amacala lapho i-declarant iyadingeka ukuba ithumele ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nempahla.

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyiqaphele umsebenzi ohlangene nemfihlo kahulumeni. Izimpahla ezinjalo, ezisekelwe ekukhethweni komemezeli, zingabhalwa ngokubhala.

Isigaba esilandelayo sezimpahla yizona eziwela ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezikhethekile. Ngendlela efana nalokhu: ukubhujiswa, ukwenqabela umbuso, inqubo ekhethekileko yamasiko.

Lezi zinhlobo zezimpahla ezilandelayo zihanjiswa ngeposi, izigaba ezikhethekile zokuthumela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, kusukela kubameleli bezombusazwe bamazwe angaphandle.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimpahla zempi zihlukaniswa njengezigaba ezihlukene zezimpahla, nazo zinezizathu zokumemezela okubhalwe phansi. Izizathu zalesi sinqumo sikaHulumeni waseRussia Federation azicacile. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kwenziwa ngezizathu zokuphepha.

Ukulula

Isimemezelo sentela ye-elekthronikhi, ngenxa yesimemezelo sempahla, sinenzuzo ekhethekile ngaphezu kwenguqulo yephepha. Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokweqhinga elifanayo lokuthuthukiswa, isikhathi esiphezulu sokucubungula isimemezelo samasiko kufanele sinciphise amahora angu-20. Kodwa ukutholakala kwamathuba anjalo ngezinga elibhaliwe lwazi alikwazi. Uhlelo lokumemezela ngezimpahla ze-elekthronikhi luxazulula le nkinga: isikhathi sokwamukelwa sehlile izikhathi eziningi. Isikhathi esiphakathi amahora amabili kuphela.

Okulandelayo ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezicacisiwe ekumemezelweni kwimodi yokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emva kokwamukelwa akudingekile ukuya komunye umnyango bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho idokhumenti yakho inikezwa isimo "Sivunyelwe" futhi uzovunyelwa ukwenza inqubo eceliwe.

Uma kukhulunywa ngaso isikhathi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lamahora okwakhiwa kwe-elekthronikhi, okungukuthi ukuklama nokuhlolwa ngumhloli, akuyona into ebalulekile. Ngaphambi kwalesi sibalo kwakuyizinsuku ezimbili zokusebenza. Njengoba ifomu le-elektroniki lokumemezela izimpahla seliqalile, isikhathi sesinciphile sibe amahora amathathu. Ukungahambi kahle nokusheshisa kokucubungula idatha kukuvumela ukuba uhlole ifomu lokumemezela ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukulawulwa kwamasiko kuzenzakalelayo. Okusho ukuthi, imisebenzi yamasiko ayidingi ukufeza enye yezinhlobo zokulawula, ngoba amathuluzi esofthiwe ayenzela yona. Isibonelo, uhlelo luhlola ukuxhumana kwekholomu egcwele ngemibhalo eyengeziwe. Noma uhlola ukunemba kokubala kwamanani amasiko. Uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izinhlobo zokulawula kuleli cala livaliwe.

Futhi-ke, kufanele udalule ibanga. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuvela emaphoyiseni okuthunyelwe ukuze afake isimemezelo ngenxa yokude noma ezinye izizathu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ifomu le-elekthroniki lamukelwe kunoma yikuphi okuthunyelwe kwamasiko. Vumelana, kulula kakhulu, hhayi ukubuka phezulu endaweni yokusebenzela, ukuhambisa ifomu kunokuthi ugijimele kumaphoyinti amasiko, bese usalinde emgqeni.

Indlela ende

Noma yisiphi isimemezelo se-elektroniki sezimpahla sidlula izigaba eziningana ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwezimpahla ngesisekelo sesimemezelo esibhalisiwe nesamukelekile.

Okokuqala, kufanele ugcwalise isimemezelo usebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile. Njengoba igrafu ngayinye iqukethe isigaba sayo esiyingqayizivele, imfundo izoyidinga ukuyigcwalisa. Itholakala kumawebhusayithi omthetho. Okuqukethwe okugcwele nezinguquko zakamuva ekugcwalisweni kusisinqumo seKhomishini ye-Customs Union No. 257, eyamukelwa ngo-Meyi 20, 2010.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukufakwa kwamaphepha adingekayo. Lesi sigaba sihilela ukuqoqwa kwephakheji yezibambiso, okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe isimemezelo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlu lwazo luzohlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inqubo ekhethiwe yamasiko. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ukungenisa noma ukuthekelisa kwezwe elithunyelwe, ulwazi oluqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezomnotho kwangaphandle kuhlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kokuyisisekelo, ungadinga imibhalo eqinisekisa inani lempahla. Kulabo, isibonelo, kungathiwa ulwazi olunikezwayo oluqinisekisa umsuka wezimpahla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindleko ngokuqondile zixhomeke ezweni lokukhiqizwa kwempahla.

Khona-ke amaphakethe ekwaziswa aqoqwe kufanele asetshenzwe futhi abhaliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa i-portal ekhethekile.

Khululwa

Inqubo elandelayo isebenza kwimodi yezincwadi. Inhloso yokuthola amaphutha okungawutholi uhlelo. Kulesi sigaba, umhloli wamasiko uhlola okuqukethwe kwamaphepha atholakele. Njengoba zithunyelwa emaphoyiseni, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kwenziwa endaweni yokwamukelwa.

Emva kwalokho, uma zonke izimo zokumemezela zigcwaliseka, okuwukuthi ukuhambisana nokuvinjelwa nemingcele, ukukhokhwa kwemisebenzi yamasiko, intela kanye nezinye izindlela, izimpahla zikhishwa.

Usuku lwanamuhla

Kuze kube manje, isabelo sezimpahla ezikhishwe ngokusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwezimpahla zamakhompiyutha ngamaphesenti angama-99.81% wezimvo eziphelele zezimemezelo ezifakiwe. Ama-0.19% asele ayimpahla ekhethekile, emthethweni ngokomthetho, echazwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko.

Uma singena ezibalweni eziqondile, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2015 kuya ku-Ephreli 30 wonyaka ofanayo, izimemezelo ezingu-1,133,390 zakhishwa. Kulezi zingu-2 218 zabhalwa ngokusebenzisa izimemezelo ezibhaliwe.

Ngemuva kokumemezela nge-elekthronikhi sekube yinto eyimpoqo yokuhamba kwezimpahla kulo lonke umngcele wombuso weRussian Federation, umbiko wezinombolo zezimemezelo ezamukelwe zakhiwa. Imininingwane ngokuqhubekayo ishicilelwe kumawebhusayithi amasiko nama FCS aseRussia.

Umlando

Ifomu lokuqala le-electronic lokumemezela izimpahla eRussian Federation linikezwe emuva ngo-2002. Khona-ke ubuchwepheshe "ED-1" busetshenzisiwe. Okushiwo lobuchwepheshe kwakuwukuthi isiteshi esikhethekile sokuxhumana sasetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ngokuvamile, indlela enjalo yayihilela izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali. Ayifinyelelwanga kakhulu ngezindleko zesiteshi sokuxhumana ngokwazo, kodwa ngemibandela yememezelo ye-elektroniki: ayibalulekile.

Ngemuva kokuthi "i-ED-1" ibonise ukusebenza kwayo, kodwa ngezinye iziphambeko, ubuchwepheshe "ED-2" budalwa. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe uxhumano lwe-intanethi esikhundleni sesiteshi esikhethekile sokuxhumana. Lokhu kwakuyisisusa sokusungula indlela yokusabalalisa.

Isikhungo sokumemezela nge-elekthronikhi

2012 ngoba i-Federal Customs Service yaseRussia ibalulekile ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ifake isimemezelo ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya nge-intanethi isebenzisa i-portal ekhethekile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le phrojekthi yadalwa ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe besimanje futhi inikeza ithuba lokulahla isofthiwe ekhethekile yabahlanganyeli emisebenzini yezomnotho yangaphandle. Ngakho manje ukuhanjiswa kwezimemezelo kwavela kubantu bonke abanentshisekelo. Lokhu kwaba yinto ebalulekile yokushintshela ekumemezelweni kwamasiko kwezimpahla zamakhompiyutha.

Kulokhu, kunesidingo sokwakha isikhungo sokumemezela nge-electronic. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zisho ukuthunyelwa kwamasiko, lapho izinqubo zamasiko zenziwa kuphela ngefomu lobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhululwa kwezimpahla kwenzeka kwimodi eyikude.

Kuze kube manje, kunezikhungo ezingu-26 zokumemezela ngezimpahla zezimpahla. Zitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zombuso. Ngokwezibalo, kucacile ukuthi ngaphezu kwezingu-90% zazo zonke izimemezelo ezibhalisiwe ziwela ngokuqondile kulezi zi-CED.

Izinzuzo kanye ne-Cons

Ngokungangabazeki, inzuzo ebalulekile yalezi zikhungo ukuthi ukufakwa kwesimemezelo kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Uma kunemibuzo, kuhlale kuhlobana phakathi komhloli ohlola amaphepha, kanye nomemezeli noma ummeleli wakhe. Futhi, akukho nzuzo engabalulekile engacatshangelwa ukuthi lezi zikhungo zinikeza ithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuthola amasheya.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambilini, inzuzo ka-ED yukuthi isikhathi sokukhululwa kwezimpahla sincishisiwe. Ngesimemezelo se-electronic, ukukhululwa kuthatha amahora amathathu. Ukukhishwa kwamasiko kubuye kube lula ngenxa yokuthi yonke idatha yokugcina imininingwane, kuhlanganise nokudiliva, igcinwa kuseva yamasiko.

Yiqiniso, kunezinkinga uma usebenza ne-CSD. Isibonelo, lapho abahlanganyeli bemisebenzi yezohwebo zangaphandle bavame ukugoqa - ukungahambelani kwezindleko. Futhi ukwakheka kwamadokhumenti. Njengoba ukuhanjiswa kwalesi simemezelo kwenziwa nge-elekthronikhi, ukufakwa kwefomu kungaguquki. Futhi, mhlawumbe, ukukhathazeka okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amasiko awahlali abambisana nezikhungo njalo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izinkokhelo ezivela kumemezelo aziveli emisebenzini yamasiko. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi inkomba jikelele yamasiko izoba ngaphansi. Lesi sici sikhombisa ukuthi isikhathi esiphelele sokubhalisa sandisiwe.

Amathemba

Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwenguqulo yephepha kuya kwenguqulo yekhompuyutha iphelile ngoJanuwari 1, 2015, umuntu kufanele acabange ukuthi angabhekana kanjani nomthwalo oya kumasiko. Yiqiniso, ngeke kube khona izinkinga kulezi zifunda lapho umsebenzi wezomnotho wangaphandle ungahambi ngokushesha, njengokuthi, eMoscow. Noma kunjalo, imikhakha elayishiwe kuzodingeka ibuye isakaze wonke ukusakaza kwedatha. Esikhathini eside, ukusatshalaliswa kuzokwenziwa yizifunda zeCED. Lesi sinyathelo sizobaluleka ukuze sithole ubudlelwane namazwe alungu le World Trade Organization. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izikhungo zokumemezela nge-elekthronikhi zakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ukuze kube lula nokwenza kube lula ubudlelwane phakathi kwama agent wezomnotho wangaphandle.