Ukuphila kwabantu: inchazelo, inhloso, izimo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umbuzo ukuthi kukhona ukuphila kwabantu ngokuthi emphakathini wesintu. Abantu - nezidalwa inkululeko ukwazi, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukusiza kodwa acabange ngalo kucondza, inhloso nezimo zikhona.

Futhi sizama ukwenaba ngalolu daba.

Ekwakhiweni yenkinga ngayo ukuphila ifilosofi lasendulo

Njengoba ososayensi bakholelwa, imisebenzi yakuqala elikushoyo ngezindaba zesayensi ukuthi uzamile ukukuqonda ukuphila komuntu ngamunye njengokuyigugu inkinga zefilosofi, kwaqala ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki Parmenides wayekholelwa ukuthi ulwazi injongo yokuphila ixhomeke kuvisisa umbuzo ekubeni abantu. Ngu singakuphathi ukuba kwakhe isazi uqonde izwe sezinzwa, esingalapheki kufanele owesekelwe phezu ezifana iqiniso, ubuhle nobuhle.

Ngakho, ngokokuqala ngqa isayensi izinga lokuphila futhi incazelo yalo abangu eqhathaniswa namanani neyobuntu ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Saqhubeka isiko Parmenides nezinye zefilosofi: uSocrates, umfundi wakhe uPlato, u-Aristotle, umfundi kaPlato. Ingqikithi wokuphila womuntu iye saveza ayikajuli emibhalweni yawo. ukuqonda wakhe nawo esekelwe imibono zobuntu nokuhlonipha ubuntu ngamunye njengoba kuyingxenye edingekayo ngokuhlelwa komphakathi wonke.

Ukuxazulula le nkinga ifilosofi medieval European

nezindaba zokuphila ayebhekiswe ifilosofi European Ephakathi. Noma kunjalo, ethulwa ngendlela ocwaninga ngenhlalo yabantu Ngakho, umKristu kwi-ajenda bafakwa kungekho imibuzo zokuphila, kodwa kunalokho umbuzo yokufa nokuphila, nenhlalakahle ongafi, nokholo kuNkulunkulu, abahlanganyeli kwelizayo, eyayihlanganisa siyishaye ezulwini noma esihlanzweni noma esihogweni futhi t. d.

Baye benza okuningi kule vein, zefilosofi abadumile YaseYurophu isikhathi - Augustine waseHippo futhi foma Akvinsky.

Empeleni, abantu abahlala ezweni kubhekwe njengendlela isigaba okwesikhashana khona, hhayi kakhulu. ukuphila kwasemhlabeni - uhlobo lokuvivinywa, egcwele ubunzima, ukuhlupheka nokungabi nabulungisa, lapho ngamunye wethu kumelwe zidlule ukuthola injabulo yasezulwini. Uma umuntu uyoba kulo mkhakha, ukukhuthala efanele, futhi ukubekezela, Isiphelo sakhe kwelizayo uyojabula ngempela.

Inkinga we okushiwo ukuphila e isiko New Age

Inkathi ezikhathini zanamuhla ifilosofi European wenze izinguquko ezimqoka ukuqonda izimpikiswano ezimbili: eyokuqala wafunda izinga lempilo kanye nezinye ibhekene nenkinga of social nabulungisa okwakuyinsakavukela umphakathi.

Abantu Akasekho wanelisekile benethemba naphakade sindiso esenana kudingeka isineke nomsebenzi ngesikhathi sangempela. Babelangazelela ekwakheni ipharadesi emhlabeni, ngoba akubheka njengesono esingathí umbuso weqiniso, ubulungisa welibhola letinyawo. Kuyo le iziqubulo futhi ifeza French Revolution, Nokho, okuyinto, akazange asilethe ukuthi ephupha Abadali zayo.

BaseYurophu baye bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpilo zabantu kakade emhlabathini lalichuma futhi ibe nesizotha. Lezi imibono emenza labo kugucuka kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, okuyinto ayecebile emashumini eminyaka alandela.

nefilosofi Old Russian of injongo yokuphila

ERussia yasendulo inkinga iyini injongo yokuphila komuntu ulibuka ngombono yonke theocentric. Man, ukuthi nizalwa emhlabeni, wabizwa nguNkulunkulu ukuba insindiso, ngakho kwadingeka kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ukufeza icebo likaNkulunkulu.

Ezweni lethu, akazange athathe scholasticism Western Europe, kanye ukubala yayo eqondile, owawuthi salokhu noma oyedwa isono kwadingeka benze inombolo ethile nezenzo zokulunga noma ukufaka isipho eziningi kangaka izikhulu abampofu, noma isonto. ERussia, sekuyisikhathi eside wamukela umusa imfihlo, okwenza i-secret kaNkulunkulu esuka kubantu ngoba Kristu uMariya, bebona ukuziphatha ngakhethi soni, yisize uthole ngokusebenzisa kwakho konke ukulingwa futhi sithole embusweni wezulu.

Inkinga zokuphila ifilosofi Russian

Famous zefilosofi isiRashiya, eziqala V S. Soloveva bahlola ngokucophelela inkinga iyini injongo yokuphila komuntu emhlabeni. Futhi incazelo ngayo okushiwo elihlobene ne-samuntu wonke umuntu eliyingqayizivele yakhe futhi inimitable kokuba amagugu angokomoya futhi zokuziphatha ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu ifilosofi, kunokusebenza okufana yayo entshonalanga, egqoka uhlamvu zenkolo. abalobi Russian babengenasithakazelo kangaka izinga lempilo kanye nezindaba zomphakathi amadivayisi umphakathi njengoba inkinga ngeluhlelo lolwehlukile: izici zokuziphatha kwabantu, izinkinga ezingokomoya, inkolelo futhi bengakholwa, ukwamukela icebo kwaphezulu koMdali kanye ukwamukelwa umbono wabantu original zomhlaba iyunithi obunobunye.

Kulesi vein, okwembula inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini Ivan futhi Aleshey Karamazovymi (F. M. Dostoevskogo inoveli "Abafowethu Karamazov"), okuyinto nje kukhombisa kokunquma injongo yokuphila kwesintu emhlabeni.

Lapho Alyosha, ethola umklamo kwaphezulu koMdali, akholwe ubuhle lakhe eliphelele, izwe uyisidalwa enhle, kodwa umuntu unomphefumulo ongafi, uthela umfanekiso ubuhle saphezulu, kwalandela u-Ivan, ogama umphefumulo ugcwele disbelief ebabayo, umfowabo ukholo luba engaqondakali. Ehlupheka kakhulu kusukela ukungapheleli kwakhe siqu kanye nokungapheleli nezwe elalimzungezile, bazi ukuthi lokhu ingenamandla alo ukushintsha izinto.

Lezi zibona ebabayo ku injongo yokuphila kuholela ubhuti ukuba Madness.

Uguquko kwekhulu lama-20 ekukhanyeni izinkinga zokuphila

Ekhulwini lama-20 baletha emhlabeni hhayi kuphela eziningi ulwazi olusha emkhakheni isayensi nobuchwepheshe, futhi zaba zimbi izinkinga zezenhlalakahle, futhi ikakhulukazi umbuzo ukuphila isintu emhlabeni. Kuyini lokhu?

izimo zokuphila kwabantu ziye zashintsha kakhulu. Nakuba ngaphambili iningi labantu liphila ezindaweni ezisemakhaya, ehola umnotho ukudla, kanye cishe akukho ukufinyelela imithombo engaphezulu kolwazi, namuhla abantu emhlabeni ahlala ikakhulukazi emizini, usebenzisa i-Internet nobunye emithonjeni eminingi yokuxhumana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba ngekhulu lama-20 yasungulwa izikhali zembubhiso. Ukusebenzisa ke eJapane nakwamanye amazwe ikufakazele ukuthi e esikhathini esifishane ongabhubhisa lenqwaba abantu, futhi indawo ethintekayo kungathatha yonke le mbulunga.

Ngakho-ke, izindaba zokuphila babé efanele ikakhulukazi.

Ekhulwini lama-20, isintu esiye sabhekana nalo zombili izimpi ezinkulu zezwe, okuyinto baye babonisa ukuthi ukufa ubuchwepheshe yathuthuka kakhulu.

izinkinga Bioethical zokuphila

Kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe futhi sezimiso yashubisa inkinga.

Namuhla ungathola ophilayo ngu cloning lamaseli yayo, kungenzeka ukuba akhulelwe ingane "ngaphandle kwesibeletho", ngiphakamisa isimiso sezakhi zofuzo ke, lapho abazali dream. Kunenkinga ka surrogacy (onikelayo) nokubeletha, lapho isidumbu sowesifazane ngenkokhelo podsazhivayut alien fetus wakhe, futhi uzala ke, bese abelethe. Wanika ...

Kukhona ngisho inkinga of ukubulawa kwesiguli - Ukuhamba yokuzithandela nengebuhlungu nokuphila kwabantu ugulela ukufa.

Kukhona inala izinkinga mayelana nesimo esifanayo: kwansuku zonke umuntu inikeza kwabo ngokuchichimayo. Futhi zonke lezi zinkinga kumelwe zixazululwe, ngoba empeleni kuyinto inkinga yempilo, okuyizinto ecacile kumuntu ngamunye futhi zidinga kuye ukukhetha abazi lokhu noma lokhuya party.

Izinkinga zokuphila ifilosofi yesimanje

Ifilosofi besikhathi sethu ngendlela entsha uyazicabangela inkinga khona.

Kuba sobala ukuthi ukuphila komuntu yesimanje usinika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, eziningi izici ezintsha, ezifana ilungelo ukwazi kwenzekani emhlabeni, ukuhambisa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ngakolunye - inani elikhulayo izinsongo njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuyinhloko, kungenxa usongo lobuphekula.

Kusobala ukuthi ukuphila wabokuqala phansi yayihluke kakhulu. Kodwa abantu kuyadingeka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, ngakho imibuzo zokuphila, incazelo yalo njengoba nezokusigcoba kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu - isidalwa kuphela emhlabeni ukuthi uyaqonda ukuphila e nokugcwala kwalo cefe. Ngakho-ke, abantu, ukuba, eqinisweni, owokuqala phakathi nezidalwa, banesibopho lokho kuyoba iplanethi yethu zamakhulu futhi izinkulungwane zeminyaka.