Ukuqinisa isitebhisi: ukubala futhi isikimu

Njengoba omunye izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakhiwa izitebhisi imele ukuqinisa. Le nqubo anganika amandla design esiphezulu ngenxa kuqiniswa ukhonkolo.

Imigomo ukuqinisa ezitebhisini ukhonkolo

Enezitezi ukwakhiwa Monolithic operation asitholayo amathonya ezahlukene nokucindezeleka. ukwakhiwa okunjalo njalo ngaphezulu, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya isisindo ayo isisindo abantu abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa. Lokhu kubangela esisuka indaba ka izingqimba aphansi kanye khama engenhla.

ukusonteka okunjalo nge isikhathi kuholela ekubhujisweni. Ukuze ugweme imiphumela enjalo, usebenzisa ukugcizelela izakhiwo. Lo msebenzi kumele kwenziwe ngezigaba ezintathu, okuyilezi:

• ukufakwa ifomu;
• ukufakwa ukuqinisa yezinyoni;
• ethela nosimende ukhonkolo.

Ukulungiselela ngezinto zokwakha kanye namathuluzi

Okunzima kakhulu kuyinto esigabeni sokuqala. Dala formwork kudinga ngokunakekela ingxenye okuyinhloko. Ukuqinisa izitebhisi Monolithic - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ngeke akwazi ukufeza rigidity lobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kwalo. Ukuze Ukuqinisa isethi ejwayelekile zokwakha kanye namathuluzi. Ukuze afeze manipulation kudingekile ukulungisa:

• omfisha plastic;
• kwesigaba valve ofanele;
• yokugcizelela ezinjengenyanga;
• wire bezihlahla;
• ngibopha wire;
• 4-mm anezikhala.

Lesi sakamuva uzodinga ekuhlobiseni izigaba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukuba silungise ihlelo ukuqinisa Uzodinga ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela kagesi, umshini Welding. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ibanga emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka ukuqinisa, ngoba nemigoqo yensimbi kumele ibekwe okuklama.

ukufakwa formwork

isitebhisi ukuqinisa kuhilela ukufakwa formwork, ukusetshenziselwa lokhu ibhodi noma ipulangwe amashidi. Ungasebenzisa ishidi 5 mm. Ukuze izisekelo zokhuni obukhulu ukulingana. Formwork kumele bavikelwe umswakama polyethylene noma ukufulela wazizwa.

izakhi ngamunye kumele ziboshelwe ngezikulufo noma ngezikulufo jikelele. Kulokhu, emva ukwakhiwa Kungaphinde kube lula ngempela ukuba ingenzele. Inkantini akuhlanganisileyo ngomunye ngezindlela ezimbili, kungashiwo ngibopha wire noma indawo Welding. Yezandla uvame esetshenziswa imanuwali indlela esibophezelayo. Nokho, buyafaneleka kuphela ezimweni lapho yobuningi bomsebenzi incane. Kwezinye izimo, imishini Welding, ngoba kunciphisa zabasebenzi kanye impahla izindleko.

Ukuze matings kufanele ukulungiselela annealed imikhiqizo steel wire kokuba ububanzi 1 mm. Yako yangaphambi uthathe yizicucu anobude elilingana 0.3 m, ngemuva eqoqwe kusukela imishayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokukhumula iziphethu noma izintambo plastic.

Ukulungiselela yezinyoni yokugcizelela

Tie izingxenye wire kungaba omunye amasu amaningana, kuhlanganise:

• ezimbili irowu;
• ekhoneni;
• Phillips;
• imitha indawo.

Ukuze lula esibophezelayo, ngoba ngempela okhandlayo, kufanele efakwe hook ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela ukuthi angathengwa at esitolo hardware. Uma uchitha extra awufuni, kungenzeka ukuba bafeze lo msebenzi ngosizo impintshisi. Ukuqinisa isitebhisi kumelwe luhlanganise izinduku ezimbili esibophezelayo, bona sihlanganise alokhu kweqa, ubude baso kumele libalwe umkhiqizo kwesigaba valve 50. Khona-ke amalunga oxhumene ezindaweni ezintathu lo steel wire.

Ukukhetha iphrofayela futhi ukufakwa Uhlaka

Ukuqinisa isitebhisi skeleton kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izinduku A-400 noma A-500, isigaba engu- kungenzeka elilingana phakathi kuka 1 no-4 cm. Muva nje, evroarmatura evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. It libhekene khona izimbambo transverse nhlangothi zombili, imithwalo okuphindaphindiwe kungaba ngcono ukukhuthazela ukuqinisa.

Ngephrofayela ezahlukene imiphetho ubuningi ezincane coupling ikhambi, ngakho uthanda evroprutki quadrilateral abathembela 500 MPA. Lapho deformations izinduku abe adhesion okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ingxube kakhonkolo.

Isikimu ukuqinisa

isitebhisi ukuqinisa olwenziwe ubuchwepheshe avame lapho anezikhala yokugcizelela efakwe ngezansi nangaphezulu. Uhlaka okulungiselelwe kusuka izakhi ngamunye kunenze nisondelane noma Welding. Uma ukusebenzisa omfisha, it ikuvumela ukusetha izinto kugridi ukuze ibanga elithile.

Uma kuziwa isitebhisi izakhiwo Monolithic, bavame kakhulu abe ukushuba hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-20 cm. Ngenxa yalezi izikhonkwane kufanele kukhethwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuphakama yabo ingeqi 10 cm. Lelithebuli phezulu kanye phansi kumele oxhumene izingwegwe. Ukufakwa senziwe izinduku longitudinal, kanye nesidingo ukuhlela kwabo lapho esibona siwubonisa checkerboard. Isikimu sihlinzekela Ukuqinisa ezitebhisini Monolithic futhi ukusetshenziswa lugs plastic. Basuke ezibekwe phakathi formwork nokuqiniswa.

Ukusetshenziswa izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi ihlinzeka iyunifomu nohlaka iyunithi isitebhisi dwala. Kusukela ephansi kuya onqenqemeni engenhla isakhiwo Uhlaka Kumiswa at ibanga 3 cm. Ukuqinisa kufanele uqale kusuka phansi, lokhu ngenxa yokuthi imithwalo kwesakhiwo iqondiswe kwaphezulu.

Kukhethwa ukuqinisa uhlelo

Ukuqinisa izitebhisi ukhonkolo luzakwenziwa izinduku gcizelela, uma kuziwa ukuklama ifomu elula. Ezinye amakhosi yasekhaya ekulungiseleleni yezinyoni ukuqinisa ngiyibeka ku isikhunta ngesimo iziteshi steel, wahlela ezinhlangothini. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa okuningi futhi izingodo kanye emakhoneni. Lalibhekisela akusiyo, kodwa izindleko ezinjalo impahla kanye namandla kungenziwa abhekwa.

Ukuqinisa engxenyeni engezansi ngokwanele ngoba abathola eqine amabutho. Uma une ukusebenza Monolithic odnomarshevoy ezitebhisini ongenawo winders platform Monolithic, uhlaka kuyodingeka isebangeni kuphela ezansi plate, lapho amabutho focus eqine. Ngezinye izikhathi phezulu isitebhisi luqiniswe usayizi steel anezikhala 100 x 100 x 5 mm. indlela enjalo ayikhuphuki ukuqina, kodwa ivikela uhlevane esiteji kuphela.

Enjalo elula uhlamvu nemiphumela odnomarshevuyu isitebhisi ivumela ukuhlinzeka isakhiwo nohlaka lwaqiniswa inqubo lula. Ibanga phakathi ukuqinisa transverse ngokuvamile 40 cm. Njengoba kufanele lisetshenziswe 10-mm nemigoqo. Ukuqinisa wokugibela isinyathelo kuhilela ukuthola ukuphakama ipuleti ukusebenza, ububanzi we ukuqinisa longitudinal kanye Isikhala phakathi kwezinti. Khetha lokhu okukhethwa kukho kumele inikezwe ndima mahhala indiza kwezitebhisi ezifihlekile.

Ngakho, uma ubude nobubanzi besandla kuyinto 2 m, ukuphakama okungenani uyalingana ipuleti isitebhisi 10 cm, futhi ibanga esiphezulu phakathi kwezinti uyalingana 19 cm, futhi ububanzi ukuqinisa kufanele kube 10 mm. Umngcele we-zokugcina luyanda 12 mm uma usebenza isitebhisi ipuleti ukuphakama okungenani uyalingana 20 cm, futhi ibanga esiphezulu phakathi kwezinti okulingana 15 cm. Kulesi isitebhisi span obuphelele 4 m.

Main izingxenye ukuqinisa

Wena ngokwakho Kungafezani ukuqinisa isitebhisi. ISIZINDA okuzokwenziwa kuchaziwe ngezansi, kubalulekile ukuhlomisa nemithetho ezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, pad Monolithic kumele kwagcizelela hhayi kuphela ngezansi kodwa ngenhla, kuyilapho elingenhla kufaneleka ingxenye uyaqhubeka izinyathelo. Upper ukuqinisa yezinyoni kumele zikhethwe efanayo kuze ukuqinisa aphansi.

Imigomo amabili izitezi uzohanjiswa eziningi umzamo, ngakho kufanele ilungiswe odongeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa esisodwa ISIZINDA - kwagcizelela umqhele ukhonkolo, okuyinto delves zibe udonga, usayizi waso kumele kube cm 20x20 zokuthola ezisekelweni Monolithic kudingeka izindonga zikasimende, ukhonkolo noma isitini .. Kulo mBhalo, mathiriyeli kunjalo mahhala ushona, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa izindonga ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu ku formwork wabeka lokhuni trapezoid noma Foam imikhiqizo, okuyinto futhi izingxenye abalwazi kahle ulimi. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina isakhi isitebhisi pad Monolithic Kufanele kurekhodwe uzimele yokugcizelela aphansi, kanye armature engenhla.

ukubala ukuqinisa

Izitebhisi, ukuqinisa, ukubala zazo ungenza siqu sakho, ungakwazi esizokwakhiwa ngaphandle kosizo. Ukucacisa inombolo imigoqo ukuqinisa longitudinal kungaba indlela yokunquma obuphelele esitebhisini, ahlukaniswe abe isinyathelo ikesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silinganiso iyanda yi ubude izinduku longitudinal. Ubuchwepheshe efanayo iza esimweni cross-exhumene ke lezi zimiso kunezelwa futhi iphindwe 2, kusukela yokugcizelela Uhlaka izinduku kuhilela ukufakwa imigqa emibili.