Ukuqothuka (ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu) we inhlangano engokomthetho: umqondo nezinhlamvu, izici, izici jikelele, ukulawulwa zomthetho. umthetho ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho

Umqondo ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) we inhlangano engokomthetho akuyona amahlebezi ijwayelekile bakahulumeni, osomabhizinisi, ochwepheshe, futhi abafundi ukuzibonakalisa kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho. Umuntu osuka zingashayisani ne amathikithi eside shtudiruet ngaphambi ukuhlolwa, umuntu ubhala Yebo noma ucwaningo ephepheni. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kamuva futhi kunzima zokuphila lomkhuba atholakala ezinkantolo, kahulumeni, engena ezindlini ngezindlu amaKomidi ehlukene noma - neze - njengoba umnikazi wenkampani ezikweletini. imininingwane Okuningi kuzoveza izici ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho.

Ukuqothuka: umqondo jikelele

Uma sicabangela inkulumo ethi ifomu evamile, inani layo - ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu. kuphakame izimo ezinjalo lapho inkampani noma umuntu ngeke asule nezibopho zabo amabhange, iziphathimandla zentela, abahlinzeki kanye nezinye izigaba abakweletwayo ngalesi simo.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi colloquially ngokuthi indoda yimali abangasebenzi ngubani yaphela kwacekela phansi namabhizinisi abo.

izici Jikelele ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) kwezomthetho inhlangano kanye eyeqisayo ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, kuningi ezifana ngakho. Ngalé ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho, lapho umuntu akanayo imali noma cha ngokwanele of ukuba uphume ezikweletini, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ibizwa ngokuthi ezikweletini. izenzo zomthetho Wokulawula ukunikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa. On ke - phambili.

Ukuqothuka (ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu) we inhlangano engokomthetho ngokulandela umthetho

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi simo ayikwazi esachazwa isenzo zomthetho olulodwa. Esikhathini Russian Federation, umlamuli lemcoka umtsetfo zoMthetho Federal "Ngo abaLawula (Ukuqothuka)" izinhlangano ezingokomthetho N 127-FZ-2002. Ngaphezu isenzo ngenhla, inqubo kanye nomqondo ucabanga kulawulwa the Civil Code. Ngemva 127-FZ-CC ithatha isikhundla ebalulekile kanye zisendaweni ephakathi. Lesi sakamuva futhi ulawula ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu kungafaka neminye imithetho kahulumeni:

• UMthetho Federal of February 25, 1999 N 40-FZ "Ngo abaLawula (Ukuqothuka)" (njengoba uchitshiyelwe).
• UMthetho Federal of June 24, 1999 N 122-FZ "Ngo izici of ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) ezikhonzini zemvelo monopolies fuel namandla eziyinkimbinkimbi."
• RF Uhulumeni Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Februwari 3rd, 2005 N 52 "On the ogunaziwe unomthwalo wokuqapha imisebenzi izinhlangano self-elawula lwabaphathi ukulamula umbango".

Lihlanganisa abantu abaningi kwezinye Federal uMthetho abaLawula (Ukuqothuka) sabantu ezomthetho asetshenziswa Ngokuhambisana esimweni esithile lapho.

Izenzo ngenhla zihlanganisa ezifana imiqondo eyisisekelo njengalena:

• okweletayo;
• ayemkweleta;
• ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho;
• izinkokhelo saziso.

Njengoba nakwabangenangqondo kungaba umuntu wemvelo, usomabhizinisi ngamunye noma inhlangano esemthethweni ongeyena ukwazi ukukhokha off okushiwo abakweletwayo yayo phezu izibopho yemali kanye nezinkokhelo saziso phakathi kwesikhathi eyasungulwa umthetho ku ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) ngabanye.

Umbolekisi - ngokuvamile ibe inhlangano engokomthetho maqondana nalapho kweleti is isibopho sokubuyisela lezikweletu.

Ukuqothuka (ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu) kwenhlangano engokomthetho obonwa ikundla arbitral. Ukuqonda njengoba ukuntuleka ikhono okweletayo ukwanelisa isimangalo ayemkweleta maqondana ezibophweni ezingokwezimali.

izinkokhelo Kuyisibopho - intela, imisebenzi kanye nezimali ehlukahlukene amacala, isibonelo, yesikhwama sempesheni noma umshuwalense wezempilo umsebenzi.

Ngokuvamile, ukulawulwa wezomthetho ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) we inhlangano engokomthetho uhlelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu interweaving we imidanti komthetho abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene, kanye amalungiselelo futhi izihloko Code Civil, belinganisa lo mkhuba ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Kafushane cishe akunakwenzeka ukuchaza.

Ngokuya olugcinwa

Concept futhi izimpawu ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) we inhlangano engokomthetho kuhlanganisa sebuningini izakhi. Uma sicabangela indlela ukuhlonza ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ngesisekelo enkantolo yomthetho, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, yokuthi ucabanga ukusungula ukulamula umbango. Iphuzu kule Iwukuxazulula senze isimo sishube phakathi kwamabhizinisi nabantu abakweletwayo ngokomthetho. Inhloso esemqoka - ukusabalalisa ngempumelelo impahla yeNkampani kanye ithuba lokwanelisa izithakazelo zombili izinhlangothi ukuba impi - okuyi ibhizinisi nabantu abakweletwayo.

umthetho ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ofunda inhlangano kubhekwa ezikweletini uma leso sibopho sokuba ukhokhe izikweletu ungazange zigcwalisekile ezinyangeni ezintathu kusukela ngosuku ubuhlongandlebe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho unikeza ithuba izinhlangano ukuthuthukisa isimo amacala abo, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa Tribunal arbitral, amabhange ngokwabo, kanye ikhomishini ekhethekile nokuphathwa okuzokwenziwa ezalotshwa kukho.

Ukuqothuka kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono

Ngokuvamile, le ncazelo ithi ayifane zomthetho. Concept futhi izimpawu ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ucabanga of inhlangano engokomthetho: kulesi simo, ukuhluleka kwakusho kokuya ngokusebenzisa inqubo yimali noma yokutakula yayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlangano-umboleki ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana izimangalo abakweletwayo.

Lesi simo kwenzeka uma kukhona izimpawu ezithile ezikweletini, isb. E. Izizathu ngenxa iNkampani ngeke ukwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu zalo. Lokhu kungafaka, isibonelo, ukuphathwa okungalungile wenkampani, lapho, ngenxa yezenzo zokuphatha noma abantu abenza imisebenzi ethile, inkampani waqala ukuba bazilethele ukulahlekelwa futhi kancane kancane zonakale. Esinye isizathu kungaba imvelo bangaphandle: ukuguquguquka elibukhali isidingo imikhiqizo noma amasevisi, izinkinga zomnotho wembulunga yonke, ezifana kuzuba e exchange rate, kanye ukungena esincintisana eqinile, noma usole. Ngezinye izikhathi isimo sezombangazwe kungathinta, ezifana unswinyo. Futhi lapha akunakubangelwa izici lobuchwepheshe - izinkinga izinkokhelo yasebhange noma ukuhluleka kwehadi esimweni izinkampani ehlukahlukene yezezimali ingavuthi ezibucayi.

Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokwehluleka kungaba izenzo ngamabomu lobugebengu abasebenzi kwenhlangano, ezifana abantu ababalekela ukukhokha intela noma ukubuyiswa kwemali ezikweletini, kanye Ukugodla noma ukuhoxiswa amafa yenkampani njengoba. Nokho, izenzo ezinjalo ziyathandeka ngokuqinile elinesijeziso ngaphansi Criminal Code.

Izimpawu ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu (ucabanga) we inhlangano engokomthetho

Ezimweni ezingavamile, cishe kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi lingonakala ngomzuzwana. Ngaphambi inhlangano iye ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu isigaba, kuyoba ukuthola inombolo ngemibandela okuyinto zibizwa ngokuthi esengozini ezikweletini.

Isibonakaliso esisemthethweni - ukungakwazi isikhathi eside ukukhokhela izibopho zabo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, isimo sazo futhi lokusungula zomthetho.

Esimeni audit ngempumelelo athe xaxa ukuthi ahlanganiswe Ukucabangela Izimpawu angakahleleki ezikweletini. ukuqapha evamile ukuthambekela okunjalo, inkampani ikuvumela ukuba ugcine hhayi kuphela ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, kodwa futhi kusukela izinqubo ezingadingekile ezihlobene ngcono zezimali isimo. izimpawu lokungakahleleki zingahlukaniswa zibe zenyathi ezimbili okunemibandela:

• documentary - e ngandlela-thile exhunyiwe nalezizitatimende ezezimali, ukubala kanye ukuphathwa kwezimali;
• ngokungaqondile - exhunywe ngqo ngabaphathi inkampani, imodeli ukuphathwa futhi ukuziphatha salabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza.

Ngakho, documentary izici - labo ngandlela-thile kubonakala e izitatimende namandla ezezimali, futhi namanye amadokhumenti lenkampani. Babonakala futhi esikweletini eside ekweletwa abakweletwayo yenhlangano, kanye nezinguquko okungazelelwe the balance sheet. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenxa ukubukeka inqwaba imithombo mahhala ibhizinisi, waba ukwanda okukhulu noma ukwehla esitokisini, ukubambezeleka inkokhelo, Iyatholakala ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, kuba yinoma yisiphi izinguquko akunasidingo abalulekile ezithinta uphiko sezimali zenhlangano.

izimpawu ongaqondile sokuba ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ucabanga lomuntu zomthetho, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ngaphambi. Ukuhluleka izinhlangano iqala nokuthambekela okunjalo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuyinhloko ushintsho ekuphathweni ukuziphatha inkampani noma ezinye abantu abaphethe. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba banake lo izingxabano phakathi abaphathi, kanye ezintsha ezihlukahlukene okungenasisekelo (umzamo ukuqagula, intengo singenele nokunye. D.). Uma omunye wabanikazi lenkampani ngokucijile ethengisa ukwabelana yayo, izobuye ibe isibonakaliso ongaqondile isimo esibi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ushintsho elibukhali izinhlelo eside, isu yenkampani, okungase kubangele ikhasimende churn futhi, ngenxa izinkinga zezimali, okuyinto ezokwenzela lonke uchungechunge, kuhlanganise idilize.

kabusha

Lena inqubo ebalulekile kakhulu ngoba kwakungenzeka ukuba okweletayo - eqinisweni, umoya wesibili, okungase ugcine inhlangano. Siqukethe izinyathelo ezimbili: isilawuli zangaphandle kanye nezindlu zangasese.

isilawuli sangaphandle ukuze uthumele yezimpahla okweletayo esimisiwe ngokukhethekile ucabanga ukhomishane. Inqubo kwenziwa yinkantolo. Uma izinkinga inkampani kwakuhlangene izenzo futhi bengafundile (futhi ngezinye izikhathi lobugebengu) ka abaphathi abaphezulu, ukulawula zangaphandle kungaletha inhlangano aphume esibucayi, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinkulu ukuthi babe inqwaba izimpahla noma umthamo production.

Ukususwa kwaleso sikhunta kwabiza - isilinganiso okungukuthi imali lengetiwe okweletayo. Imithombo kwezimali usizo kungaba State, uqobo umnikazi we-ibhizinisi, futhi kwezinye izimo ababolekisi. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziswa maqondana ebaluleke osendaweni amabhizinisi wezwe, ezifana namabhange noma izitshalo ezihlukahlukene.

ukuqedwa

Lezi zinqubo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba sengeta out imisebenzi inkampani ungeke uzithole usuwile. Evamile, kungenziwa lezi zinyathelo ihlukaniswe zenyathi ezimbili:

• ukuvalwa ngokuzithandela (ngaphansi kokulawula abakweletwayo);
• ophoqelelwe (yinkantolo).

Esimweni sokuqala, inhlangano uphendulela imisebenzi yayo esebenzisa esivumelwaneni ngokuthula. Ngokuvamile, umbolekisi uthola impahla umboleki noma ezinye izindlela ukuxazulula lolo dweshu. isivumelwano esinjalo angase sisayinwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi kunoma yisiphi isigaba lokuthethwa kwecala ezikweletini.

ukuvalwa okuyimpoqo kuhilela kwecala eladonsa isikhathi eside, okuyinto umthetho ozonquma impikiswano umbolekisi kanye umboleki. Kulokhu izosetshenziswa ahlukahlukene iziyisikhombisa zokuphatha ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla phakathi amabhange, ngaphezu kwalokho, unswinyo kungenzeka ngokumelene nalabo obhekene.

ucabanga Amafomu

Njengomthetho, imiqondo ehlukahlukene emnothweni kwesokudla ukuze kube lula ukuze uhlukanise. AbaLawula (Ukuqothuka) sabantu ezomthetho sehlukaniswe subtypes ezahlukene. Okulandelayo ahlelwe evame kakhulu nazo:

• ucabanga Real. It libhekene ukungakwazi ukuba abuyisele inhlangano izibopho esenziwa ukulahlekelwa futhi yiziphethu ukulingana izikweletu. Ngakho, ekuqhubeni umsebenzi ngesikhathi ibhizinisi ezifana kusuka kube nzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkantolo arbitral ngokomthetho uthi a ezikweletini ngokuqinile.
• Ucabanga zesikhashana. Ngokuvamile nama-akhawunti enkulu Iyatholakala, lapho ingxenye enkulu umkhiqizo ingakakhokhwa, kodwa kwakusasele ketshezi. imikhondo okunjalo nezikweletu ukuze abakweletwayo, kanye kuveza izinkinga ezitatimendeni zezimali. Lezi zimo - into engavamile ezimweni ezinjalo, inkantolo arbitral noma abakweletwayo kungavumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza izibopho. Ingase futhi zabelwe on the control noma kokuqondisa inkampani. Iphesenti elikhulu lezi zinkampani alulame umsebenzi wabo.
• ucabanga ngamabomu. It ithwala nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ukuphathwa kwenkampani. Kuvamise esetshenziswa ngenjongo amafa nokufihla, abantu ababalekela ukukhokha intela, ukudayiswa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, ukweba kanye neminye imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. izinqubo ezinjalo ngokuvamile jikisa amacala obugebengu abaphathi inkampani, kanye nezigidi eyinhlawulo mthetho ukubamba izikhundla ezithile isikhathi eside.
• ucabanga ngamanga (ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu) we inhlangano engokomthetho. Isikimu iyafana zilwane wangaphambilini, kodwa injongo yayo - kuyinto ukuthola ezimvunayo kakhulu kusukela ababolekisi, ezifana ephansi zenzalo emalini ebolekwe noma inkokhelo elihlehlisiwe. Njengoba ne Egcina ukuvela sokuba ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, ezimweni eziningi idala nemiphumela engathi sína abaphathi enkampani, kuze kokuthethwa kwecala kanti langempela bebhadla ejele.

Ukuqothuka abantu

Kulokhu, ihlinzeka ngendlela ehlukile Ukucabangela ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu. Ubudlelwano neziphathimandla, izinkantolo kanye nezokuhlunyeleliswa abakweletwayo ihanjiswa ngendlela ehlukile. Manje isicelo zoMthetho Federal №476-FZ (ucabanga sabantu zemvelo), owaqala ukusebenzisa 2015, ku-1 Okthoba. Kususelwa kulesi senzo zomthetho, noma yisiphi isakhamuzi we Russian Federation angase amemezele ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo: izikweletu sekwephuzile nge izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, kukhona imiqulu ukuqinisekisa yokuntula ithuba uphume ezikweletini (ikhophi umsebenzi, ubufakazi abangasebenzi nokunye. .), kanye nenani izikweletu ukuthi idlula ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu.

Wona ucabanga inqubo uhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala - isikhalo yesiphathimandla zokwahlulela, kanye nokuthumela isicelo ingafinyelela hhayi kuphela umuntu, kodwa futhi ayemkweleta. Okulandelayo ngesicelo umfakisicelo, futhi uma wanelisa, izoqala esigabeni sesithathu - ngqo necala.

Ngakho, umuntu limenyezelwe ungeke uzithole usuwile. Kulokhu, bhala off bonke kweletu kulawulwa umthetho, noma ingxenye yabo ethile. Nokho, kuzobangela ezinye imiphumela emibi, isibonelo, okweletayo ngeke bakwazi ukubamba izikhundla iminyaka emihlanu, futhi kuyoba khona izinkinga loans ukuthola.

Izincomo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho

Endabeni osomabhizinisi ithuba elihle kunawo kungaba yini ukuthi bangene ku Esimweni esinjalo, uma ingozi esimweni sezimali zenhlangano mkhulu. Lapha kungasiza ukuqedela izinyathelo nokuvinjelwa ezikweletini. Eyokuqala ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho, ingqondo, ukulawula abasebenzi babo kanye nezitatimende, futhi-ke, kwamabhuku.

Ziningi kakhulu inani elikhulu Consulting nokuhlola amafemu, Ochwepheshe yangasese, outsourcers Accountants, ukusebenza ukude, noma ubuye ngesikhathi esifanele. Lezi ochwepheshe abakwazi kuphela ukusiza ukuvimbela ucabanga (ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu) kwenhlangano engokomthetho, kodwa futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza oyifunayo kanye nekhwalithi umsebenzi lilonke.

Uma isimo okungekuhle livelile, futhi inkampani isebujameni ucabanga, akukuhle uyephuza inqubo baseshe ezinye izindlela, futhi ukwenza lokhu ngokuzithandela. Akubalulekile ukuchitha isikhathi futhi akhohlise abantu abakweletwayo ngalesi simo. Lokhu kuzokwenza senze isimo sishube futhi ungakwazi ukwengeza izinkinga ezengeziwe, ezifana izinhlawulo kanye unswinyo ezinkulu kakhulu, kuhlanganise izinhlawulo lobugebengu.

Futhi, uma inkampani akuyona nommeli abasebenzi, kubalulekile ukuheha uchwepheshe abanekhono, kungase ukwazi ukunciphisa izindleko ezinkantolo, isikhathi inqubo, futhi namanje ugcine ingxenye yenkampani kusuka ukuthengiswa kwempahla.

Ukuze abantu

Lapha isimo sishintshile: isakhamuzi ukuqaphela yimali, kuyodingeka ngokuqinile ukuvikela lesi sikhundla enkantolo. Life izimo zihlukile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba silondoloze ukuzibamba nangokuhlonipheka, kuba isithombe esinjalo uyosibonisa inqubo.

Umthetho ucabanga sabantu esingokwenyama empeleni esasisesisha, ngakho kungenzeka umbango futhi izinkinga ezengeziwe Kufanele uxhumane onguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kulo mkhakha.

Okubaluleke kakhulu - ungazami kabi lokhu umthetho, ngoba uma azame ukuvula inkohliso, kuba ithuba elikhulu ukulahlekelwa impahla, idumela, ngisho nenkululeko yabo siqu.