Ukusebenzisana kwezethempeli. Inkinga yokuhlanganisa ubuciko

Imithetho yomuntu jikelele yobuciko ehambisana nezinkolelo, amasiko , amasiko angokwenkolo, amathoni wezakhiwo zokudweba, ubuciko obuhle nokuhlobisa, ukudweba, ukudweba, ukuveza ubuciko nomculo ekuhlanganisweni komunye umdwebo wobuciko - lolu uhlu olungaphelele lwalokhu ukuhlanganiswa kobuciko bethempeli kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuphila kwalesi simo kuyahlukahluka kubantu abahlukahlukene ngokufana okungajwayelekile. Ibonisa ukubuka komhlaba ngezikhathi, zonke izethulo zesintu mayelana nezwe.

Ubumbano bomhlaba nabasezulwini

Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwanoma yiliphi inkolo, kungaba ubuKristu, iBuddhism noma amaSulumane, ithempeli elibonisa isithombe se-oda lomhlaba. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zenkolo yizindawo zokuhlala zendawo kaNkulunkulu engabonakali emhlabeni. Lezi yizindawo lapho ukuthola khona uNkulunkulu ngomthandazo, ubunye naye nge sakramente nensindiso yomphefumulo.

Umqondo wobuNkulunkulu uqukethwe esithombeni seThempeli loPhezukonke, elihlala ngaphesheya kwemingcele yolwazi lomuntu futhi lihlanganisa imibono yabantu mayelana nomyalelo wezwe. Kukhona isiphephelo esivela emhlabeni wonke, kukhona ukuqaphela ubunye bezulu nomhlaba. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuciko emfundweni yobuhle kuyasebenza.

Igama lomculo ophezulu, imifanekiso yasendulo enobuso obunzima, ubuciko obuhle bamasonto, amafresksi amakhulu agcwele isithunzi sezithombe zepulasitiki, izingoma ezinhle nezindinganiso zomculo wesonto - konke lokhu kuphakamisa imizwa yokuziphatha emihle lapho imicabango yokuphila nokufa, yesono Ukuphenduka, lapho umphefumulo uzama ukuhleleka nokuyiqiniso. Ukusebenzisana kobuciko bethempeli kubhekisela ekuhawukelweni nasekuzweleni, ukuthula kanye nomzwelo, ukomoya kanye nenjabulo ekhanyisiwe.

Ukuhlelwa kwesonto lobu-Orthodox

Isonto lobu-Orthodox linikezela bonke abakhulekeli isikhala se-podkupolnoe, igumbi le-altare lihloselwe ukukhanya okungaphezulu kukaNkulunkulu. Bakhumbuza ngoNkulunkulu bese bebiza izimpawu kuye. Kuze kube yikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, wonke umculo wesonto wawungumunye-izwi, ekhuluma ngezimpawu zokuphanga, amafresco, ama-mosaics. Ngemuva kokuqamba komculo okuhambisane nezinsizakalo, baba namazwi amaningi futhi ekhonsathi, ngokuvamile abakhiqiza. Lokhu kwakusebenza njengethempeli lobuciko kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesonto nemithetho yezwe.

Umhlobiso wamasonto nawo waba nomzimba ocebile futhi ocacile kule palette. Igolide, i-cinnamar, i-purple, i-smalt - izithombe zabangcwele zaqala ukukhuluma ngokucacile, ezikhudlwana futhi ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlabelela - ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ngisho nokuhlakanipha. Konke lokhu kubeka umhlambi emkhunjini okhulekayo, futhi inkonzo ngokwayo ikhula ngobukhazikhazi.

Ukusebenzisana kwezethempeli zobuKatolika

I-cathedral yamaKatolika inkulu futhi ihloniphekile ngokwemvelo, ingaphakathi likhanya, isikhala sigcwele umoya nendiza. Zonke izingxenye zemihlobiso ziqondiswa phezulu: izinsika namakholomu ayencane futhi anomusa, ahlanganiswe ama-arches, amafasitela angenawo amafasitela, ama-openwork, izithiyo phakathi kwensimu yangaphakathi ye-cathedral kanye nomhlaba wangaphandle kubonakala sengathi i-ephemeral.

Ngokungafani neyahlaya ngaphandle kokusebenza nge-instrumental esontweni lama-Orthodox, umsindo we-choir nesigungu esontweni lamaKatolika. Ukudweba, ukudweba, ukudweba, kanye nesakramente yesevisi, zonke izinhlobo zezobuciko nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu.

Ukuqonda iqiniso e-Islam

I-dome enkulu yethempeli lamaSulumane - umkhokomu - uphawu lukaNkulunkulu oyedwa (Allah), nombhoshongo eceleni kwalo - i-minaret - ibonisa umprofethi kaM Mohammed wakhe. I-mosque iqukethe izikhala ezimbili ezijwayelekile - igceke evulekile kanye nehholo lomthandazo elimnyama. Zonke izingxenye zokwakhiwa kwethempeli lamaSulumane ziveza imibono yamaSulumane mayelana nobuhle: i-dome ibonakala igxuma ngaphezu kwe-mosque, ama-niches ahlangane njengamanyathelo esibhakabhakeni esingapheli, i-minaret iqondiswa phezulu ukuya ebuhleni bukaNkulunkulu.

Emadongeni omsikithi ungabona kuphela amazwi ahlotshisiwe amahle avela encwadini engcwele yamaSulumane - iKoran, ngoba lapha ubuciko bethempelini buyingxenye yobuciko kuphela kanye nezwi lezinkondlo ekuhambeni kwezingcingo. Ukuchaza onkulunkulu noma noma yikuphi okuphilayo okuvinjelwe ngokuqinile futhi kubhekwa njengingcweti. Lapha kukhona umhlobiso kuphela njengesenzo se-worldview yama-Muslim - uphawu lokungapheli kokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesisusa esiyinhloko. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuphindaphinda kuyindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuveza ukuzinikela ku-Allah nokuqonda iqiniso lakhe.

Inkinga yobuciko bokuqala ebuBuddhism

AmaBuddha ahlela imikhosi evulekile. Izindwendwe zabo zinezici ezimibalabala kakhulu, zihambisana nomculo nokudansa. Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuhlabelela kobuhlungu beBuddhist. Lezi zomsindo ezingabonakali zibonakala zixhuma imithandazo ngesikhathi esidlule esingalindelekile, ngesikhathi esifanayo sishaya umuzwa emkhathini, kumculo wezinhlaka.

Ithempeli lasendulo lamaBuddhist lakhiwa ngamabhantshi amakhulu namatshe njengesisekelo somhlobiso onzima futhi ocebile ohlotshiswe ngomhlobiso owawuhlanganisa yonke indawo yawo. Ama-arches namagquma ethempelini laseBuddhist lapho. Ephahleni ngokuvamile kuvame amabhentshi amaningi, egijima emoyeni omncane kakhulu, ehlabelela futhi egijima emimoya emibi. Amabellane ayinto engokwesiko esetshenziselwa izinsizakalo zokukhulekela. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwethempelini yobuciko eBuddhism nase-Islam akuyona ephelele njengamaKristu.

U-Florensky mayelana noZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra

I-lavra ayikwazi ukugcina nje imyuziyamu nje ngoba into yobuciko ayiyona into - ayikwazi ukuba yimizi ehleliwe, emile, efile, yomsebenzi wobuciko. Kudingekile ukwenza lokhu kungalokothi kukhonze, ukushaya kuze kube phakade ukuhamba kwemvelo. Into yobuciko ngumsebenzi ophilayo, owenzela uMdali uqobo, makususwe kude naye ngesikhatsi nendawo, kodwa angenakulinganiswa futhi ahlobise ngayo yonke imibala yokuphila, ehlale ekhathazeka emoyeni.

Ubuciko kufanele bubalulekile, futhi kuxhomeke ekungeniweni kokubumbana kokubheka kanye nendlela aboniswa ngayo. Ubunye bokuqukethwe busikhangisa ubuciko beqiniso. Ukususa noma yikuphi ubuso obuvela emsebenzini ogcwele, sithola inkolelo yokuqukethwe kwangempela.

I-monasteri kufanele ibhekwe njengengxenye yokwaziswa kwethempeli, njengamanye emigameni namasiko, njengesikhungo nesikhumbuzo semasiko aphezulu. Kudingeka siqonde yonke into encane: indlela yayo yokuphila, impilo yayo ehlukile ebuyele endaweni yangaphambili.

Ubuciko bokusebenzisana

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko zihlangene ngokuqinile emidlalo yaseshashalazini, i-cinema kanye nethelevishini. Ngokuvamile kunomculo, ubuciko, ubuciko bokubuka kanye nezincwadi.

Okokuqala, umlaleli noma umbukeli ubona isisekelo semibhalo yomdlalo noma ifilimu. Umbono obonakalayo wesithombe usizwa izembatho nezendawo ukudala umqondo weqiniso, okuyinto isakhiwo sinikeza. Umculo udala futhi uthuthukise okuhlangenwe nakho ngokomzwelo.

Uhlobo oluyingqayizivele esiteji ngumculo, lapho kudingeke khona ubuciko obukhethekile obubuciko. Izibonelo zokudalulwa kwezinto ezibucayi izindlela ezifinyeleleka kakhulu kumbono wombukeli zilandelayo: umculo we "Notre Dame de Paris" kaHugo, lapho umculo oqoshiwe, omangalisayo, oqoshiwe, we-plastic, nobuciko bezobuciko behlangene ndawonye. Umculo unezici ze-vaudeville, i-operetta, i-show ehlukahlukene, i-show ehlukahlukene, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya kwento.

Ukusebenzisana kobuciko kumabonakude akubandakanyi nje kuphela amafilimu e-artistic ithelevishini nemikhakha, kepha futhi nemikhombandlela eminingi egcinwe ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile. Lapha, umklamo nomhlobiso we-studios zixhunyiwe umbala nokukhanya okukhanyayo, okusiza ukudala isimo script, isikhala kanye nemvelo ethile. Ukusebenzisana kwezobuciko kuthelevishini kufaka izingxenye eziningi ikakhulukazi.

Ifilosofi njengengxenye

Isayensi yembula ukuthi isintu esivamile, futhi ubuciko - buyimfihlo. Ifilosofi ibhuloho elixhuma omunye komunye. Isayensi yisona esinqunyiwe sokucabanga. Ubuciko yindawo yezinzwa. Ifilosofi, njengabahlaziyi bomlobi, ayisekho ubuciko, kodwa hhayi isayensi. Kuyinto yokwaziswa kwesayensi nobuciko, njengoba ihlanganisa izindlela ezimbili - wonke umuntu kanye nomuntu ngamunye, ukuhlanganisa ingqondo nemizwa, ukucabanga okubalulekile kanye nokuqothulwa kwesayensi kanye nokuzithoba kwekhono lobuciko.

Ifilosofi iyakwazi ukuqaphela ukucabangela ngokwezesayensi, idinga ukushisa kwesayensi yokucabanga, kanye nomzwelo wobuciko, nokudalulwa kwenkolo. Uyakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo hhayi nje kuphela nge-universal yonke, kodwa futhi nangendawo yomuntu kulo. Ukucabangela isizathu, ukuzwa nokukholwa, okokuqala ifilosofi iveza ingqondo emva kwakho konke.

Ukusebenzisana kobuciko esikoleni sangaphambili

Izikhungo zokufundisa ezikoleni zangaphambi kwesikole (DOW), izinhlelo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa umbono wezingane, ngokusekelwe kokuhlanganiswa kobuciko. Izinhlobo ezintathu zomsebenzi zihlanganyela lapha: umculo, ubuciko obubukwayo kanye nezinganekwane.

Ukwenziwa ngcono ekuhlanganiseni kwezakhi zobuciko kukhulisa ukuqonda futhi kunomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu bomntwana. Izincwadi, imidwebo nomculo zigcwalisa ngokugcwele izinto ezingokomoya, zinike ulwazi olusha, zicebise umhlaba wangaphakathi, zinike amathuba amasha.

Izincwadi, umculo nemidwebo zamukela ukuphila okungokomoya kwengane ngokugcwele futhi ngokugcwele, futhi ukuxhumana kwabo kuthuthukisa ngamunye wabo ngezici ezintsha namathuba. Emakilasini we-DUU, uhlelo luhlinzekela ukufakwa kwezingane emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuciko emisebenzini yobuciko: ukufunda izinkondlo kanye neprose, ukulalela umculo, ukubukela ividiyo, ukudweba nokudansa.

Umsebenzi ohlangene

Isiqondiso sohlelo lwezemfundo lwe-DOW sasiyinkimbinkimbi yemicabango yabantwana. Ukwaziswa okubuciko kwezobuciko kunikeza ingane ngokunemba kwezahlulelo, ingqondo, kwenza umsebenzi wakhe uveze.

Izingane zathola ithuba lokufunda ukuthi into eyodwa ibonakala ezinhlobonhlobo zobuciko. Isiyingi sombukiso womculo sanda, isilulumagama sithuthukiswa, umqondo wezingubo nokuhlobisa, wezinwele zokugqoka kanye nokwenza izidakamizwa, zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-antiquities zivela.

Ukunqoba komculo womphefumulo

Imisebenzi yokwakha, ukudweba, imidwebo, ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo futhi kuyasiza ekuqondeni isithombe somculo. Kuhle kumsebenzi onjalo ukufaka amasampula esitokisini sokusetshenziswa kobuciko, ubuciko bendabuko, okuphakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo: umdwebo we-gorodetskaya, ama- embroideries, izihloko ezihlukahlukene ezenziwe ngesandla, i-Dymkovo ithoyizi. Izincwadi, funda ngesikhathi esifanayo nokucwaninga ngobuciko bezobuciko, kufanele kube okufanele - umlando wezinwele noma u-stylization. Futhi okokuqala kufanele kusebenze ukuqonda komsebenzi womculo, ohleliwe uhlelo lokulalela okwamanje. Umculo kuloluhlelo lwezobuciko ngokuvamile luvame.

Izingane kufanele zazijwayele nge-opera, futhi nge-ballet. Okokuqala, kunengqondo ukukhombisa imidwebo yezembatho nezendawo noma ukudweba uhlelo ngalesi sihloko, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwenza olwaziyo nesakhiwo. Khona-ke, ekulaleleni kokuqala noma ekubukeni, okusanhlamvu komculo kuzokwehla emhlabathini owakhiwe kakade. Izingane ngeke ziphazamiseke umculo, futhi izohlala zihamba phambili.