Umdwebi uLvov Nikolay Alexandrovich: biography, ubuciko

U-Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov, ongubuciko bakhe nobuciko obhekene nalokhu kubuyekezwa - isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke zesiko laseRussia ekhulwini lama-18 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokwesiko kuthiwa ungumklami, kodwa, ngaphezu kokwakhiwa, wenza iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwamanye amagatsha olwazi. Wayengumlobi, umdakwa, umdwebi, owazi kahle nge geology, chemistry, izincwadi zakudala zesiRussia kanye nomlando. Ngelinye igama, kwakummeleli wesikhathi sakhe, lapho eRussia imibono yokukhanyiswa phakathi kwe-intelligentsia ehloniphekile yayisakazeke.

Ukubuyekeza kwesikhathi

U-Lvov Nikolai wayengumuntu obumhlophe bokubusa kukaCatherine. Ngaleso sikhathi, emcabangweni wezenhlalo nezombangazwe wezwe, umqondo wokuthi imfundo kanye nemfundo ingashintsha kakhulu izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwezwe ukuze zithuthuke kangcono. Sekuyisikhathi sokucinga imibono emisha kanye nezixazululo kuzo zonke izindawo zomasiko. I-Russia, njengoba iyingxenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zaseYurophu, izimpumelelo zomhlaba ezisebenzayo ezinhlelweni zobuciko. Kule minyaka engamashumi eminyaka, kwakungekho ososayensi abaningi kangaka, kodwa abaphenyi bangempela, empeleni, bebonke, njll. Kuyaqondiswa kanyekanye kuzo zonke izinkambu zolwazi. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu ubuntu kanye nomsebenzi weLomonosov. Abantu abanjalo babeka ithoni ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko. Ithonya labo emcabangweni wezenhlalakahle nezombangazwe lalikhulu. Kuleli galaxy kwakunguNikolai Lvov.

Ngokufushane mayelana ne-biography

Umklami ozayo odumile nomuntu wamasiko wazalwa ngo-1751 esifundazweni saseTver. Wayengowomndeni ohluphekayo ohloniphekile. Wathola imfundo eSt. Petersburg, e-Izmailovsky, lapho amaphoyisa aqeqeshwa khona. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi uLvov Nikolai wabonisa isithakazelo ekufundiseni abantu, kanye nasekwakha. Waze wahlela nombuthano wabathandi bezincwadi ku-regiment, okwakuyinto ejwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuthi abantu abahloniphekile abanentshisekelo kulokhu noma leyo nsimu ihlangene emibuthanweni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kubonisa ukuthi uLvov Nikolai akazange athole imfundo ekhethekile, kodwa, lapho umncintiswano wokwakhiwa kwethempeli wawuhlelwe khona, kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe owawunqoba. UCatherine II ngokwakhe wawamukela, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wakhuthaza ukusabalala kwezikhombisi ezintsha ezakhiweni.

Ukufaneleka komklami osemusha kanye nekhono elinamakhono kwakuthandwa kakhulu: waba ilungu le-Academy yaseRussia, futhi kamuva waba ilungu le-Academy of Fine Arts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza e-College of Foreign Affairs, okwamvumela ukuba ahambe futhi ajwayele ukufezeka kwemikhuba yezwe. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, lo mdwebi usolwa ngokukhwabanisa imali yomphakathi, uphenyo lwaqala ngaye. Lokhu kwanciphisa impilo yakhe, futhi ngo-1803 wadlula.

Izici zobuciko

Izakhiwo zaseRashiya ezingxenyeni zesibili zekhulu le-18 zaqala kancane kancane zisuka eBaroque, zithinta isitayela se-classic. Kwakule ndlela uLvov esebenza ngayo. Wayengumlingani womsebenzi wezakhiwo zase-Italiya uPalladio, owayeyisithunywa esiqhakazile somkhuba omusha kwezobuciko. Wabuye wahumusha izincwadi zakhe ngesiRashiya, okwakubonisa ukushintshela kwisitayela sezakhiwo zokwakha. Imiklamo yeLviv inikezele imigqa elula, evinjiwe yezakhiwo. Wenqaba ubuhle besitayela sangaphambilini futhi waphendukela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinzima.

Izakhiwo ezifundazweni

Idolobha laseTorzhok liyaziwa ngokuthi kulo mdwebi wakhe wenza esinye sezakhiwo zakhe ezidume kakhulu - isonto lesango le- monastery yaseBoris neGleb. Ukuklama kwayo kulula futhi kuvinjelwe. Umbala omhlophe unikeza ubuhle obukhethekile. Umakhi wakha futhi amathempeli kwamanye amadolobha. Ngakho, ngokwendlela yakhe yakhelwe, isonto laseSt. Catherine i-Great Martyr edolobheni laseValdai lakhiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zeLviv zakhiwe nezakhiwo zomhlaba. Uyaziwa ngokuthi udale izindawo eziningi ezihloniphekile, umklamo owabonisa ithalenta lakhe njengomklami. Kukhona lapha ukuthi wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa hhayi nje ngokuba ngumakhi, kodwa wakwazi ukukhombisa amakhono akhe ekuhleleni insimu kanye nepaki. Ngakho, wakha kabusha umndeni wakhe i-Nikolskoe-Cherenchitsy.

Izakhiwo enhloko-dolobha

Izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zeSt. Petersburg zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana yeLviv. Leli yiSango likaNeva likaPeter noPaul Fortress, kanye nokwakhiwa kwehhovisi leposi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umakhi usebenza ngokuzakhela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zangasese. Izibalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi zenza umyalo kuye, okwakubonisa ukuqashelwa okufika kuye esemncane kakhulu. Wadala isonto loZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele. Isinyathelo sasiyi-Prince Vyazemsky, futhi ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngo-1790. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov wakha inqaba eGatchina.

Innovations

Umakhi wanikeza isandla esikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukwakhiwa komhlaba. Wabuye waqala isikole lapho baqeqeshe khona lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLvov wayenesithakazelo ezinkingeni zokuphuza umoya nokushisa. Ngesikhathi sakhe, impumelelo yakhe yayiqhubekela phambili kakhulu. Futhi, lo mdwebi wayebandakanyekile kwi geology futhi wathola inani elithile lokufaka imali e- Valdai Upland. Izintshisekelo eziningi nezithakazelo kuzo zonke izinto ezintsha futhi zenze indlela entsha yomlobi yokwakha. Izakhi zalo zahlukahluka ezakhiweni ze-baroque futhi ziheha imigqa yabo elula, enhle futhi evinjelwe.

Ezinye izindawo zomsebenzi

ULviv wadume hhayi nje kuphela njengomakhi wekhono, kodwa futhi njengososayensi, umbhali nomlobi. Wayethanda inlandoloko yasendulo yaseRussia, wathola futhi washicilela incwadi yasendulo, esayisetshenziswa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi igama lakhe. U-Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov waqoqa izingoma zabantu futhi washicilela ngohlelo oluhlukile, ehambisana nomklamo wabo womculo. Yena ngokwakhe wayengumlobi wemisebenzi eminingi yokubhala: ipeni lakhe liyizinkondlo (emoyeni we-epic), kanye ne-freetto, ama-opas, awakuthandwa kakhulu.

Umklami wayengumculi onethalente, umdwebi nomdwebo. Yena ngokwakhe wabhala izithombe zakhe nemidwebo yakhe. Sesivele sitshele isithakazelo sakhe ku-mineralogy.

Izakhiwo zaseRashiya zacebiswa yimpumelelo yayo yokwakha. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi weLviv uyisigaba sonke sokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lesizwe, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni izici zenkathi yonke.

Ukubaluleka kokudala

Umsebenzi weLviv kufanele ubhekwe kumongo wesikhathi saso. Iqiniso liwukuthi engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18, iningi labahlonishwayo abafundele ngesikhathi esifanayo bazinikezele ezikhundleni eziningana nezisebenzi. Empeleni, lokhu kwakuyisimo esiyingqayizivele sezikhathi. Futhi ngaphandle kukaLomonosov, owayengumuntu onokwehlukahluka kakhulu, uLviv naye uhlala endaweni evelele kulolu hlu.

Umsebenzi wakhe uyisibonelo esicacile sobuntu obuhlukahlukene kanye nombono obanzi owawubhekene naso ohlakaniphile besikhathi sikaCatherine. Isibonakaliso sokuqaphela ukufaneleka komklami wukuthi idolobha laseTorzhok laba yisakhiwo sesikhumbuzo sakhe.