Ukuvimbela i-Ebola. Ebola: izimpawu, ukwelashwa

bhubhane Worst kwekhulu lama-21 waqala zineminyaka ezwekazini lase-Afrika, i-Ebola. isifo esibulalayo ngonyaka owodwa vó kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-nesikhombisa namakhulu. Okwamanje, ikhambi efakazelwe ngempela lesi sifo alikho. Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi Ebola imfiva zokuvimbela emhlabeni wonke? Indlela ukuqaphela igciwane eliyingozi futhi uzivikele wena obathandayo kusukela nomthelela sakhe esibi? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo ngokudingayo siyobese sizame ukuthola.

Kuyini igciwane?

Ebola isifo ingenye eziyingozi kakhulu ekuphileni komuntu esikhathini sethu. igciwane Inamandla ezithinta abantu, izinkawu eziningi ezincelisayo ezincane, cishe ungenakonakala ukwelashwa. emiphumeleni yayo ebulalayo abelwa zonke izingxenye zomzimba, kusukela izibilini, isikhumba ziphethe ubuchopho bomuntu. inqubo Deadly iqala neqiniso ukuthi igazi iba viscous ngaphezulu, iqala ukwakheka amahlule ukuthi clog capillary wonke umzimba. Umphumela wazo zonke lokhu necrosis amaseli bese yokubola emizimbeni. On the imifantu zesikhumba, okuthi kuzo esisefweni igazi, izibilini ukubola, ukukhubazeka kwenzeka, futhi okubi kakhulu uma ukufa.

Inguqulo ka-virus futhi incazelo emfushane

Igama olusemthethweni isifo - oluhambisana nemfiva Ebola. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya izifo ezihlobene filoviruses iqembu. The main izici Gle kuyinto okusezingeni eliphezulu lokufa, ukusatshalaliswa isivinini nobukhali isifo. Kukhona impendulo sasivumela elula yalowo mbuzo, kanjani i-Ebola. Ngisho nalapho ukuphila komuntu igciwane kuholela yokuthi izitho zakhe afe futhi baqale ukubola.

Ebola isifo selihlukene laba izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinhlanu, ngayinye yaba onezici ezithile. Ngakho, ke wanquma ukwaba:

• Zaire hlobo. Waqale ezilotshwe 1976 esifundeni homonymous (Zaire emfuleni Ebola), ngaleyo ndlela ukuzuza igama layo kanye igama wanika uqobo enomkhuhlane. Lolu hlobo isifo ubhekwa ngokuyinhloko futhi olunzima. Amazwi afana nalawa ngokugcwele waqinisekisa ubhubhane, okwaqala ngo-2013.
• isitayela Sudanese. Ingabe Nokho, kancane esiyingozi, ukufa namanje ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Okokuqala lwalotshwa Sudan. Igama lesi sifo futhi etholwe geography.
• uhlobo Ivorian noma Tai Ihlathi. Kokugqashuka ezihlukahlukene alibhalisiwe kule imithi ezisemthethweni. Lesi sifo latholakala ngo-2004, izinkontileka umcwaningi omunye inhlangano eqhuba isifundo of yenkawu izidumbu. Lolu hlobo ubhekwa elula.
• Bundibugyo, noma Bundibugyo hlobo. Lesi sifo ilotshwe Uganda ngo-2007. Ukubheduka igciwane ubelokhu kunalokho encane Nokho, namanje hhayi ngaphandle abalimala yayo.

Ngo wodwana bungabonakala subtype restonsky Ebola. Leli fomu iyahluka kwenye zonke lezi zindlela osekukhulunywe ukuthi kuba ngokuphelele ngeke yingozi kubantu, kwenzeka kuphela izimfene. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ucwaningo ukusabalala kwesifo Kwakuseshwa kuphela maqondana enempilo ngokugcwele besilisa. Kule ndaba, isayensi ayinayo idatha olunembile, indlela ukuthuthukisa i ukutheleleka nge amalungelo amasosha omzimba obuthaka.

Indawo okuvela kuyo igciwane lohlobo

I cishe ukusabalala Ebola e-Afrika. Kuzo zonke izimo, nokuqubuka lokuqala babonakala ku yaleli zwekazi. Ngokuvamile, igciwane kwande amazwe etholakala eduze ngokushesha yenkabazwe. Ezimweni elingalodwa imfiva Kuye kwaphawulwa eziningana ezifundazweni kude Afrika (USA, Germany). Nokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi isifo wangeniswa laba bantu kusukela ngaphandle. Ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sifo iqala emazweni anjenge Congo, Sudan, Guess, Guinea, eLiberia, eSierra Leone.

Izindlela ze-esiphelweni imfiva

Kangakanani ukusabalala Ebola? Ukutheleleka ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngenxa ukuxhumana uketshezi (umchamo, indle, isidoda, umjuluko) noma igazi labantu noma nesineke isilwane (hhayi kuphela kaphili, kodwa ufile). Lesifo futhi yadluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa ubuhlobo bobulili ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Ukwesaba yasendlini ezidingekayo futhi ezivamile izinto (isib amashidi), ukumpontshelwa igazi, akasebenzisi imijovo zalutho. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu ukungcoliswa kungenzeka by amaconsi (ephefumula izingxenye itheleleke isikhwehlela). Ebola e-Afrika kaningi isabalala ngesikhathi rites isiko emngcwabeni, ngesikhathi lapho izihlobo wathinta isidumbu. Yenza izenzo ezinjalo is hhayi Kunconywa.

Lezi izindlela ikakhulukazi izifo ukusabalala kukhona yesibili. Imbangela yokuqala lesi sifo kuze kube manje akunakwenzeka. Ngokusho kwelinye izinguqulo ethandwa kakhulu, okokuqala igciwane kubonakele ku flying izimpungushe ( "flying izinja"). Futhi kunenkolelo ukuthi iziphathi ezinkulu kungenzeka sidla amagundane amancane ezihlala iseduze uhlalwe ngabantu. Can batheleleke kanye nabo isikhumba sesilwane. Mhlawumbe ukushisa komzimba kakhulu waqala ngale ndlela (abazingeli zimba izidumbu zezilwane).

A kokugqashuka esisha lesi sifo

Outbreak Ebola ngo-2014, baba onamandla kunayo kuwukubonakaliswa eyaziwa lesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, sabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-7,000. Ngo-1976, izwe beqala ukuzwa lo mkhuba njengoba Ebola. izinyathelo Ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela nokuvikelwa ngaleso sikhathi ayaziwa, ngakho cishe engu-40 edlule, 280 abantu igciwane ubulele (38 amacala obophulile).

Abagulayo ubhubhane entsha okokuqala ngo-December 2013 eGuinea. Ngemva kwalokho, igciwane ishanelwe Nigeria, Liberia nakwamanye amazwe. abasebenzi Medical kusukela izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi ukunikeza usizo iziguli bendawo base engozini enkulu. Abaningi babo wagula bawiswa ekhaya ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Lesimo kwasusa uvalo yangempela emhlabeni wonke.

Pho-ke, namuhla kukhona umzabalazo wokulwa nalesi sifo esiyingozi? Kanjani ukuyeka ukusakazeka kwalo? Ebola, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye acute igciwane lohlobo okuyinto kungaba yingozi, kudinga ecacile izinyathelo, yenhlangano phezu ingxenye iziphathimandla zikahulumeni futhi abezokwelapha. Ngakho, okokuqala, it is kwenziwe:

• Esibhedlela e amabhokisi ekhethekile (zokuvikela ingafaniswa labo ezisebenza isifo);
• Ukumaka izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke lomuntu onegciwane kanye nokwelashwa magciwane yabo unomphela futhi isitoreji ahlukene nokubhujiswa kamuva;
• Ukulahlwa kwezinto izihloko nabo isiguli, by ukwelashwa nge isixazululo of phenol, bese evutha;
• Ukuba Wedwa lwabantu abathwali ezingaba ukutheleleka, ngezizathu ezifanayo njengoba iziguli.

izimpawu Isici imfiva esabekayo

Ziyini izimpawu Ebola? Izimpawu zesifo kukhona kahle elula, nakuba ekuqaleni umkhuhlane kungenziwa kudidaniswe zakudala nezifo zokuphefumula (SARS) noma angina. Ekuqaleni, iziguli uqaphele izinguquko ezilandelayo e isimo sempilo:

• ubuhlungu bekhanda;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele imisipha;
• ubuhlungu emphinjeni;
• izinga lokushisa emzimbeni ephakeme (degrees 38 noma ngaphezulu);
• ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, igciwane iqhubeka, futhi umuntu uqala ukuba unqobe ukuthambekela isifuba esomile ukuqubuka (izindawo avele wonke umzimba umbala obomvu noma purplish), imakwe ukungakhululeki esifubeni.

Eyesibili, futhi ngokuvamile kuba khona ngesonto eledlule lesi sifo libhekene isimo esibi kakhulu. ukulimala kobuchopho kwenzeka, izibilini zalo epidermis, izinsini uqale opha, isibindi, ubende, nokusasamba esikhumbeni. izitho zangaphakathi siqale ukubola phakathi nokuphila komuntu. Ezimweni eziningi sifo ziyabulala ezinsukwini 10-14 emva yokuvula isikweleti.

Izimpawu ze-Ebola, okuyinto odokotela ukuthola isifo

Ngoba umuntu okumaphakathi kuzoba ngokwanele ukuba bazi futhi izimpawu zangaphandle Ebola. Izimpawu, angathathwa adingekayo ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe onekhono Kutholwe kuphela ngokwenza cwaningo akhethekile ukuhlolwa. izimfanelo ezithile Jikelele ubhekwa:

• iDemo isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lesi sifo;
• ukopha disorder;
• ukudakwa Global olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni;
• anda amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ubale;
• nokwehlisa platelet count-hemoglobin.

Kukhona inala ukuhlolwa laboratory ekhethekile ukuhlonza Ebola. Izimpawu uhlamvu zangaphandle kungaba ezikhohlisayo, kube umphumela izifo ezifanayo febrile, isib, Marburg isifo. Ngokuvamile i-ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe test ukukhomba antigen.

amaqiniso Little Laziwa

Modern mass abezindaba imininingwane ikhanyisa izifo njenge-Ebola. Izimpawu, zokuvimbela futhi izinyathelo zokuqapha aziwa cishe bonke abantu abahlala kwengozi engase ivele. Ngeshwa, abaningi amaqiniso ngalesi sifo yilabo ayikaziwa umphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Igciwane kuthinta zonke izidalwa ezingabantu abantu ngothi lwabo, Nokho, izingane zabo ahlupheke kakhulu. Ukuze achaze lo mkhuba, ososayensi abakwazi namanje;
• Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ngokuvamile ilingane isikhawu 4 - ezinsukwini ezingu-7, kodwa kwezinye izimo singase sibe 3 amaviki;
• Abantu ababeka alulame Ebola kukhishelwa ngosuku 21;
• Kukhona amacala lapho kungenzeka umuntu ofanayo kwadingeka igciwane lohlobo izikhathi ezimbalwa;
• Kunabantu abangazange babe anti-imfiva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangakwazi zinalesi sifo ifomu omnene futhi abathwali ukutheleleka.
• imfiva igciwane siyagcinwa isidoda walulama zamadoda amasonto 7;
• Ebola is ufundwa ososayensi kuphela isigamu yezinhlayiya amaprotheni namanje usalokhu uyimfihlakalo isintu;
• Ebola kunalokho AIDS, ubhubhisa amasosha omzimba womuntu akuyona iminyaka 10, futhi amasonto amabili;
• Igciwane ngempela ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, ubulawa egazini ngenkathi sigcina sibalo degrees 60 imizuzu okungenani 30;
• Igciwane kalula ukubekezelela ngisho emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha futhi;
• Nokuntuleka folic acid nokungondleki kwandisa ingozi kungenzeka ukusilaphazeka.

izinyathelo Basic zokuvimbela ukuvikela

Uma uhlala engozini noma ube ukuxhumana ngqo izakhamizi, ukuvakashela ezindaweni lapho kudlangile igciwane, kufanele ulandele imithetho elandelayo. Ngakho, nokuvimbela Ebola imfiva kuyehla kube ezifana imisebenzi elula njengoba:

• inzalo njalo ezakhiweni, izinto zasekhaya kanye nempahla;
• egqoke zokuzivikela izingubo amasethi, ukugwema ukuthintana nabantu onegciwane;
• ukuqedwa ephelele singalokothi sithintane no-igciwane egazini.

Ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka lesi sifo seyisebenza ngokugcwele Uzokwazi kuphela ukuhlonza nesizungu ephelele abanalesi sifo. Uma ungenalo uhlala endaweni ingozi, zama ukungaxhamazeli, ukuze agweme ukubaphathisa uhambo oluya ezweni, lapho ubhubhane oluthukuthele, kanye nomswani kusuka oxhumana nabo izakhamuzi kula mazwe.

Abantu abasebenza emazweni Afrika kudingeka sazi ukuthi singaphila kanjani sibonakalise Ebola, uma ukuxhumana nabantu elinegciwane, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwabo ngokugqoka zokubhukuda ekhethekile kanye buso. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ukusabalala Ebola kwenzeka angesabi, futhi kwezinye izimo, umuntu nje akanawo kungenzeka ukuba afeze ukuqeqeshwa zangaphambi ukuthunyelwa. Okuphawulekayo unciphise ingozi yesifo futhi kwangathi izinyathelo ezifana nalezi:

• nokukhawulela ukuxhumana izilwane, ngubani kungenzeka zibe naso egazini bezikhali igciwane;
• ukubola ukuqeda ukuphazamisa izidumbu zezilwane;
• wageza kahle ngensipho izindawo wadalula yomzimba, izandla kanye nobuso emva uhamba ngomgwaqo noma ukuya ezikhungweni zomphakathi (ikakhulukazi izibhedlela);
• ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane, adalule imithi yabo kokuqala ukushisa.

Izindlela kokuphatha imfiva

Kuze kube manje, nokuvimbela Ebola fever kuphela ngesilinganiso kweqiniso yokuvikela lesi sifo esiyingozi. ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengoba enjalo engekho. It kusakhiwa futhi akazange kudlule bonke ezidingekayo ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa. Nokho, zasebenzisa izindlela ahlolwayo namuhla emazweni ase-European ne-United States, unikeze yokutakula amaphesenti-100 amacala iyehluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namanje awukho umuthi wokugoma iye yasungula futhi iba nomkhuhlane.

Yini namuhla iphathwa Ebola? Izimpawu zesifo ngempela kudingeka zixazululwe. Njengoba ingekho indlela eqondile, kubalulekile ukugxila isimo. Human nesineke esibalulekile labagula kakhulu, nokuvulwa ukulahlekelwa igazi namanzi (electrolyte amalungiselelo). isifo esibulalayo buvezwa isakhiwo umzimba ngamanye. Kukholakala ukuthi indoda owakhuthazelela Ebola ukuthola amasosha omzimba enamandla ukuphila, amacala Nokho, zaziwa kabusha ukutheleleka.

Fever Prophylaxis Ebola - indlela kuphela ukuyeka lesi sifo sibulale kuze kube manje. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele ucabange izinyathelo siqu Ukuvikelwa bona nabathandekayo babo. Khumbula ukuthi isifo esiyingozi iningi amacala ziyabulala, ukuthuthukisa fast kakhulu futhi esibonakala ngokuqina ezinzima. Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi ezinjalo izifo eziyingozi like Ebola. Izimpawu, izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelapha, konke lokhu, kusobala, kubaluleke kakhulu, Nokho, isilinganiso esikhulu eyisivikelo yesizwe ingaphansi kweminyaka ngokuhlukaniswa.