"Ukuvukela ubumfihlo" umthetho eRussia

Okubalulekile kuwo wonke Inthanethi "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia uvele 2013. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye ngokusebenzisa izibuyekezo eziningana. ukwamukelwa kwalo kuye kwaholela abukhali mpikiswano zomphakathi ngekusasa World Wide Web kanye nokufinyelela mahhala ulwazi.

INGEMUVA ukubukeka

Uyini "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho? Kungani uhulumeni ukusamukela? Ukubhebhetheka Inthanethi uphendulé lonke Ngenxa ukutholakala kolwazi. Lapho inethiwekhi ubonakele nje eRussia, awusebenzi ezilungisiwe yayitholakala a stratum elincane labasebenzisi. I abahlinzeki siqala eMoscow ngo-90s. zabo ijubane isixhumanisi kwaba eliphansi kakhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhakha isungule kakhulu. opharetha mobile Major baqala ukunikela amasevisi internet abahlinzeki. Eminyakeni zero Network baba etholakalayo. Lokhu lula izici ezimbili. Okokuqala, yileyo naleyo ndlu kwadingeka computer yayo siqu. Okwesibili, ukwehla kwamanani for amasevisi e-inthanethi.

Kanye lavinopodobnym ekukhuliseni ababukeli kuwebhu yaqala ukubonakala kokuqukethwe okwengeziwe futhi ezahlukene ezingaphezu: umculo, izincwadi, amabhayisikobho ... Eqinisweni, abantu baye got ukufinyelela ukhululekile empahla. Izinguquko emakethe ulimaze embonini ukurekhoda, nokunye. D. Abaphathi bamalungelo, studios kanye ababhali bazo zonke ziba baphendukele uMbuso ukuba bathathe isimo "umgunyathi." Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi isitsotsi ngokwethukela ngokuthi ukulandwa emthethweni amafayela. Kamuva elithi sabanjwa parlance olusemthethweni ezivamile. Ngakho igama layo "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho.

ukukhiya indlela

Ngo-2013, amasekela State Duma waqala umsebenzi iqembu leKomiti Yokubonisana kanye nokuxhumana. yi wayo kwaba "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho. Wayefanele uvumele ivimbela sites, uma okuqukethwe emthethweni ezikuyo. Kulokhu isinyathelo kungokwalabo welungelo. Uma umnikazi ifilimu kuvela ukuthi isayithi oluthile impahla yakhe, waya khona ngokungemthetho, yena angasebenza ezifanele zikahulumeni.

Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukuthi umthetho kuzosetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ukwaziswa okukuyi-Internet. Ngemva izichibiyelo ezithile, kwanqunywa ukuba kukhawulwe isicelo lokhu kubusa okuqukethwe kwevidiyo kuphela. Ngemva konyaka, uhlu ezazisanda kunwetshwa. Kulokhu, umnikazi welungelo kumelwe sizibonakalise ukuthi - umnikazi womkhiqizo. Izingxabano nge abanikazi amasayithi isilusingathile enkantolo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umnikazi kumele afake isimangalo. Uma umnikazi ilahlekelwa kunjalo, enesibopho ukukhokha isinxephezelo kumnikazi isayithi futhi bonke abantu abaye balahlekelwa ngoba kwesivivinyo futhi ukuvaleka kwesikhathi.

Roskomnadzor

Ukuze "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho wathola ngempela, ejensi wombuso kwakudingeka, angathathwa wahlanganyela ekuvimbeni amasayithi. Ngenxa yale njongo, liye akhethiwe Roskomnadzor, oyingxenye ye-Ministry of Communications and Mass Communications of Russia.

Yalotshwa nini "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho, isevisi Federal lithole wonke amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze afeze ivimbela amasayithi izinsuku ezinhlanu. Zisuka nje akucaci ukuthi yimalini edingekayo uzobe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke umnyango izinsiza ezidingekayo. Ngosuku umthetho wesibili Roskomnadzor bacela ruble ayizigidi ezingu-100 ngonyaka ekulweni ukudunwa. Ukuze sisebenze amasayithi avinjiwe ukudala uphiko oluyisipesheli, lapho abasebenzi 25 babesebenza.

kushaywe umthetho

"Ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho Russian lahlelwa khona futhi wazitholela ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Juni 6, 2013 eziningana amasekela we State Duma amaqembu amathathu ePhalamende wenzé project yabo ukuze sicatshangelwe. Le ngxoxo yaba ngeyesikhashana. Juni 21 "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho owaphasiswa ukufunda lwesithathu. Umuntu kuphela abavowudele ngokumelene naye, kwaba iphini "Fair Russia" Dmitry Gudkov.

Juni 26 umthethosivivinywa ivunyelwe ku Federation Council, kanti futhi isivele Julayi 2 esasayinwa uMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin. Ukudla kwalo sacala kusebenta ku-1 Ingci 2013.

Ukugxekwa embonini Inthanethi

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho Russian Federation sacala kusebenta, ke wagxeka ezinkulu izinkampani Inthanethi basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ( "Yandex", Mail.ru, i-Google). Abaphikisi iphrojekthi kusho izikhulu Roskomnadzor entsha hhayi kuphela ukulimaza nemicengezi amalungelo ngokwabo, kodwa futhi kuholele ukubukeka ukucwaninga kuwebhu.

Futhi kule "Yandex" sibonile ukuthi zamaphini yanquma ukumenza nemithetho emisha yonke umkhakha, ngaphandle kokukhuluma ochwepheshe. UMbuso Duma akazange basabela uchwepheshe nendlela umphakathi obabheka ngayo. izinkampani Inthanethi Ucele ukukhansela uma ungangiboni, okungenani-ke ukuthi iguqule "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia.

Ku-Google wayemthanda isaziso kanye nokususwa kokuqukethwe owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala. Inkinga yayiwukuthi Roskomnadzor angamuvimba isayithi, ngisho ngaphandle akwazisa abanikazi futhi anginaso isikhathi ukuze ukulungisa iphutha (ukususwa imikhiqizo ezingekho emthethweni). Ochwepheshe of "Yandex", phakathi kwezinye izinto, wanezela ukuthi ukumboza yonke indawo akwenzi mqondo. Kusukela indawo iba Ukuvinjwa ezingafinyeleleki nokuqukethwe ethobela ngokugcwele nomthetho. Ngakho-ke, izazi waveza ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu ukuvimba imikhiqizo zivinjelwe isixhumanisi esiqondile ke. Kulokhu, lonke okuqukethwe ngeke kuze kuthinteke.

ukulwa sivala

Lapho "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia uzobe kuphela bamukeleke Duma eziningi umkhakha Inthanethi izazi zithi ingidi IP-ikheli alusho lutho. Mshini lokhu inqubo wukuthi Roskomnadzor Awukwazi ukususa indawo futhi abhubhise okuqukethwe esenqatshelwe, ngakho-ejensi uvala abasebenzisi "iminyango" okuholela isayithi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo Izinkampani ze-Internet. Opharetha abasebenza Russia, isaziso esivela isimo isayithi ethile manje sivalwe. I-ISP uvimbela abasebenzisi traffic abafuna usivakashele.

Kodwa site ngokwayo, lezi zinyathelo engabuzwa ubuhlungu. Uyaqhubeka ukusebenza kwi-server lalo. It ikumodi efanayo angavulwa kwelinye izwe, lapho kungekho igunya Roskomnadzor. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemva ukwamukelwa yomthetho ingxenye Russian we-Inthanethi babé ezihlukahlukene kuthandwa izindlela lobuchwepheshe ngokudlula interlocks. Ngokwesibonelo, anonymizer umsebenzisi ngqo i-traffic IP-ikheli kwelinye izwe. Ngakho, umuntu ofuna ukulanda okuthile ku-inthanethi, zingabahileli lock kalula.

Imiphumela engemihle yomthetho

Ngo "Yandex" futhi Mail.ru naye wacela amasekela acabangele isipiliyoni amazwe ekulweni ukudunwa. Izinkampani isinqumo sokuthi Roskomnadzor izindlela ukudala phansi ngokuhlukumeza nokungalaleli. Ngokwesibonelo, ejensi angamuvimba isisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo. Ngisho noma kwenzeka ngephutha, hhayi isifiso sokulimaza kokulahlekelwa umnikazi wesayithi kuyoba okufanayo.

Russian Association of-Electronic Communications wasungula umphakathi umbiko wayo kulokho kusondele "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia. Ingqikithi nezihibe wukuthi abanikazi amasayithi Russian uzoqala "ukuhambisa" kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu ukumane. Yonke Inthanethi uhlukaniswe izizinda okuqondene emazweni ahlukahlukene. ERussia kuba «.ru». Uma umnikazi "uyothwala" ongayo ".com" yayo okunemibandela, kuyoba okubuhlungu ezengeziwe lonke ingxenye ezifuywayo World Wide Web.

Ochwepheshe bacelwa ukuba wenze izinguquko kwi ukuthi ngabe eshelelayo engele bukhali. Ngokombono wabo, yomthetho akufanele eziphula izisekelo internet mahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abahlanganyeli emakethe baqala ukwesaba ukuthi imithetho emisha kuzoba yithuluzi ukuze uxazulule izinkinga ebhizinisini bamalungelo ethize ngezithukuthuku abanikazi amasayithi.

ukuphendula umphakathi

Izingosi eziningi nezinhlangano inthanethi njengophawu ukungavumelani imithetho emisha kumisiwe okwesikhashana umsebenzi walo ngosuku, lapho wangena force "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia. Usuku ukusayinwa idokhumenti kwaba umfutho sokuhlanganiswa abahlanganyeli ahlukahlukene kuleli zenethiwekhi. Agasti 1, 2013 ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane amasayithi inqanyuliwe iseva yabo. Imibhikisho yayiqhutshelwa ezitaladini. Ngakho, "Pirate Party of Russia" yabamba imibuthano ezimbalwa, amakhonsathi emadolobheni amakhulu.

I-intanethi waqala ukuqoqa amasignisha virtual sicelosikhalo emagunyeni. Ngokusho imithetho, ukuthi isinyathelo wadlulela Duma State, kumelwe sisekele okungenani eziyikhulu abantu. Inombolo edingekayo nesignesha sebuqoqiwe ngempela emavikini ekucala emva Ukwamukelwa bill. Nokho, kunoma nemiphumela lubonakale lokhu isinyathelo civil kuhlulekile. Lesi sicelo sinqatshiwe ngo-Okthoba 2013.

Ukwamukelwa komthetho kwakuyisikhathi sokuba uNkulunkulu ulethe ndawonye abasekeli yokulwa okuqukethwe emthethweni. Ngakho, ngobukhulu online amabhayisikobho wezwe engimbumbile inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi "Isiqophi Inthanethi". I abahlanganyeli abavumile ngokuhlanganyela ukukhuthaza emakethe imikhiqizo esisemthethweni ku-inthanethi - amabhayisikobho, uchungechunge TV, njll ...

"Yokuvala Waphakade"

Esinye sezenzakalo resonant ehlobene kakhulu ukwamukelwa yomthetho 'wayengowesifazane Ilokhi okuphakade "ethandwa sesifufula portal Rutracker.org. Kuleli sayithi, zibekwe okuqukethwe okuhlukile kakhulu. Abanikazi umthombo phambi komthetho ivaliwe amafayela ukusatshalaliswa, abanikazi bamalungelo abathengisa akhononda ukubekwa yabo inethiwekhi.

Ngo-2015, i-ukushicilela indlu enkulu "Eksmo" bafaka suit e icala eNkantolo Yedolobha YaseMoscow. Ngu isinqumo sayo, le site ivinjiwe. Umshicileli ebezidinga ukuvala 320.000 izandla, wadala phezu kweminyaka eyishumi khona ingosi. abanikazi Imigomo sebenamashumi ku ivoti isisetshenziswa phakathi kwabasebenzisi. I abantu okwaxoxwa nabo babuzwa ukuthi zihlobana kanjani ukuba kuvalwe izandla. Isizathu sokuba ukungqubuzana phakathi Tracker futhi indlu ukushicilela waba "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia. Article, noma kunalokho, inombolo uMthetho Federal 187, kusho ukuthi indawo uma kwenzeka ukunqotshwa ezimbili ezinkantolo awe ngaphansi "yokuvala unomphela".

Case "rutrekere"

"Yokuvala Okuphakade" - kuvinjelwe ukufinyelela lonke isayithi, hhayi nje kulabo izinto okuyinto eziye zatholakala ezingekho emthethweni. Kodwa njengoba lowo mthetho ovimbelayo lihlukile evamile? Ezimweni langaphambilini, Roskomnadzor ekubuyiseleni ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi uma zabanikazi zisusiwe okuqukethwe pirated.

Rutracker.org ezisengozini ukuvinjelwa kungekho sikhatsi lesitsite. Abasebenzisi kwisayithi esivuna esaziwa impahla phikisa. Januwari 19, 2016 umthombo ihlaselwe "yokuvala unomphela". Kuze kube yilolo suku, isayithi wavakashelwa ambalwa nsuku zonke, izigidi zabasebenzisi. Kwaba isayithi omkhulu kunayo yonke eyake waseRussia.

Abasebenzisi be-intanethi ngokumelene Roskomnadzor

Indaba le "rutrekere" abonisa kuyo ngokucacile ukuthi "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho eRussia. Yokutholwa noma cha le dokhumenti? Yebo, isivele sisebenza yonke ingxenye Russian kwe-inthanethi. "Rutrekere" waba omunye abalimala yakhe izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu.

Uma ikhiyiwe, inombolo yabasebenzisi abavakashele isayithi, Ngawa izikhathi eziningana. Nokho, izilaleli ngokushesha kahle amathuluzi yokuyizungeleza enqabelo Roskomnadzor. Phakathi namasonto ambalwa traffic kusayithi emuva amagugu yokuqala (ukukhiya). Ngaphezu kwalokho, "rutrekere" be-copyright esenqatshelwe PlayEND_LINK_TAG isandla. Ngemva kwalokho, isayithi bethatheka okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni, naye walwa "ukuvukela imfihlo" umthetho.

amarekhodi piratical

Abasebenzisi nezinye izinsiza futhi beveza izindlela zabo wokumelana ngesinqumo Roskomnadzor. Ngaphezu ngevidiyo, afanayo enkulu ulwazi pirated amafayela alalelwayo. I Igumbi elikhulu lomculo ingxenye Russian Internet yokuxhumana "VKontakte". ubuholi lakhe njalo athobele imiyalelo Roskomnadzor futhi aphendule izikhalo of bamalungelo, ogama amarekhodi babekwa izilaleli emakhasini azo.

Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi zokuxhumana, kanye esimweni "rutrekere" wathola indlela yokubasiza yokuwuthola ukuvaleka, okwaholela emzabalazweni isimo ngokumelene ukudunwa. Abantu ababeka ukulanda umculo, waqala ukwetha kabusha ingoma ukuze isistimu ingakwazi ukunquma ukuthi fayela lwemibhalo okuqukethwe okungalungile. Ngenxa yalokho, le yokuxhumana futhi Ugcwalise impahla pirated.