Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni kanye collectivization

Umnotho ezweni lethu adinga sinjalo ezithile, intuthuko eqhubekayo nokukhula ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa kwaba ibutho kuphela inqubomgomo nep. Isigaba qualitative yentuthuko ubengase siqale yokutakula entsha zezimboni, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni lempi. Nep uye walungiselela zonke izindlela ukwenza, kodwa babengesibo esishayisana imibono emphakathini lamakhomanisi, okuyinto kwagcina kuholele ekubeni ukuvela imiqondo ezifana kwezimboni kanye collectivization.

Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni eU.SSR has kwaqala ngo-December 1925 ngemva XIV iCongress of the Party. Ake sihlole lokhu umqondo kabanzi. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni - Ukwakheka kwezitho ukukhiqizwa umshini emikhulu, okuyinto siqondiswe yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi wezomnotho. Eqinisweni, njengoba umthombo enkulu investimenti kushintsha lesi senzo mass kungaba kuphela emzaneni. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni kanye collectivization ndawonye ukumela inqubomgomo afanele isimo, lapho kuqala kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa umbhalo wesibili ngqo libhekisela esenzweni-non-kwezomnotho ukusebenza we abalimi. Futhi ngisho noma kwakungeke ukuncishiswa jikelele kwemikhiqizo yezolimo okufana izimali isimo babe kakhulu.

Okuningi eliqhutshwa amandla kwaba Yokuwohloka Okukhulu 1929-33., Oluvelayo eNtshonalanga. Inkinga buye baphoqa baseYurophu ukufuna imboni entsha umkhiqizo, neSoviet Union kwaba indawo efanelekayo kakhulu amathuba angenamkhawulo zezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi sesigaba main kwezimboni (1928 kuya ku-1938). Ukuze izingxenye ezintathu kwezine yonke imishini okungenisiwe. Ngakho, kwezimboni kanye collectivization buyafaneleka ngokugcwele emehlweni osopolitiki wezwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kwaba ukugcwaliseka entsha kwezimboni. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo oneminyaka emihlanu zazisekelwe ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wase-USSR kazwelonke. Kuthiwa ngaphambi iqala impi ezinhlanu yokutholwa izinhlelo ezinjalo. Esikhathini sphere yentuthuko umnotho wazo zonke izindlela ukudala uhlobo inzuzo kazwelonke, Nokho, eqinisweni ukuthi uhlaka lwezokuthuthukiswa kuhlelwe awenziwa. Ngenxa emnothweni kuhlelwe wakwazi ukugxila ngokushesha kwi ukukhuthazwa imikhakha amasu, ezifana esindayo umkhakha, ezokuthutha, ezokuvikela, amandla kanye nabanye. Kakade phakathi neminyaka le Five- lokuqala kwezimboni kanye collectivization Imiphumela ngibekezele: eyakhelwe izimboni ezahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-1500. Phakathi nekhulu lesibili iminyaka emihlanu lemali ifinyelela 4.5 ayizinkulungwane. Ngakho, ukuze namathathu banesifo esibi kweSoviet Union yaba namandla elinamandla kwezezimboni ukuthi isebenzisa owayo mncintiswano uthi elichumayo eNtshonalanga.

Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni uye waletha Kuningi okuhle, singabali inqubekelaphambili umkhakha: u iqedwe abangasebenzi kuleli zwe, babeyizisebenzi onekhono kakhulu, ngenkuthalo uzilungiselele izisebenzi ubunjiniyela waqala phambili imfundo. khathizwe Social abangu kakhulu anda, futhi abantu baqala ukulwela ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa konke lokhu hit ezinye sphere - emzaneni, okuyinto owakhokhela konke.

Collectivization yayihloselwe ukuqedwa umnotho ngazinye, ukuvela emnothweni yomphakathi. It iqeda ukusetshenziswa khulula imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa, bonke waya isimo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho nezinkinga boarding nendawo yokufihla ikhanda. collectivization IMisa iqala ngo-1929. Kule nkathi, izinyanga ezimbalwa ku amapulazi collective, zikhona kakade imizi 2.4 million ukuthi kukhona okuzayo siphezulu kunamanye sibalo esidlule 12 iminyaka engu-th. Ngokwemvelo, emzaneni uthola ukwamukelwa ngomguruguru oda ezinjalo, kodwa isimo unesibopho ngokuqinile futhi irrevocably ngokuthumela ihlukane ka "abangu-Five-Thousander". emizimbeni Okujezisayo ziqokonyiswe.

Yakheke futhi esimisweni collectivization, lobeka ijubane ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Kuyaphawuleka ukubukeka umoya othile wokuncintisana, lapho abaholi waba nesifiso ukudlula isimiso sakhe. izinyathelo Okujezisayo some ukuze abantu bangazazi izinto ukumelana okukhulu. Kulapha kukhona isidingo uhlelo iphasipoti, eyethula kanye nesimo, kodwa akuhlanganisi abalimi. Ngenxa yalokho, benza futhi ulahlekelwe inkululeko ethile, ngoba ngaphandle ipasipoti Awukwazi ukuhambisa kuphi (basuke enamathiselwe isayithi ethile). Akunzima baqagele ukuthi ubani lowo kwaphinde ululazekile futhi wathukwa. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-1932, indlala mass iqala.