Ukwelashwa Anti-ukugqwala metal izinto nobuchwepheshe

Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina imikhiqizo metal, wasebenzisa ukwelashwa anti-ukugqwala metal izakhiwo. Le nqubo ihlose ukuvikela isakhiwo kusuka ukugqwala futhi kwezulu. Ngu lokunameka kobuso metal azigcina impahla yayo yasekuqaleni, kuhlanganise yobuhle.

Ingqikithi inqubo

Corrosion - inqubo yokusebenza electrochemical noma amakhemikhali lensimbi imvelo, ngenxa okuyinto sensimbi oxidized futhi ubhujiswe. Ochwepheshe bathi umonakalo kusuka ukugqwala ku zezimboni wemboni-4% of the omkhiqizo yiliphi izwe. Corrosion kwenzeka ngenxa ukuchayeka-mpilo insimbi, amanzi ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukugqwala metal. Ubuchwepheshe kuhilela ukucutshungulwa ngomuthi ungqimba ezondile metal, metal Alloys noma metallic compounds.

ukucutshungulwa Izici

Ngenxa yokuthi i-metal siqala ukubhodloza phansi ngaphansi kwethonya endaweni enobudlova, ukushintsha amandla kanye izakhiwo physicochemical imikhiqizo metal. Futhi lokhu kuthinta ukwehla ukusebenza kwabo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukhuthaza ukugqwala ukwehluleka imishini kanye izimoto. Yingakho indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ukwelashwa anti-ukugqwala izakhiwo steel, ubuchwepheshe bokuqopha nge-okuyinto njalo iyathuthukiswa futhi ngcono.

Icubungula ngaphandle

wadalula Iningi izici ezonakalisayo evele zangaphandle imikhiqizo metal. izindlela kwesakhiwo Ukuvikelwa zisetshenziswa ukubavikela. Zisetshenziswa ukuklanywa womshini imikhiqizo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba aqale ukusebenza asebenzayo metal izinto. izindlela ezakhayo ezihilela Ukukhetha elinama ezingamelana nezinselele imithelela imvelo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo ezifaneleke kahle babe ifilimu okuqinile, ephezulu polymer izinto, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba, kanye namabhodlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa ukugqwala metal ephelezelwa izindlela zokuxhashazwa okunengqondo imikhiqizo:

• ekuqedeni emifantwini uqhekeke, izikhala ukuthi angahlala kumasistimu umkhiqizo futhi lapho umswakama bangangena ngaphakathi;
• nokuqedwa esishintshashintshayo lapho umswakama ungakheka stagnate;
• lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela kwamanzi;
• ukwethulwa inhibitor endaweni enobudlova.

Ukuvikelwa yokwenziwa

Ngo isicelo izindlela yokwenziwa Ukuvikelwa ebusweni metal iphathwa yinoma yimuphi enamathela, ogama msebenzi - ukuze ugweme ukuxhumana metal noma insimbi kanye nomoya-mpilo nomswakama. Kuze kube yimanje, ukwelashwa ukugqwala metal. Izinto asetshenziselwe le nhloso namuhla, ezinezici ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. ezinengilazi ezinjalo zinemisebenzi eziningana:

• isithiyo;
• unyathele;
• nokuguqula;
• passivatornuyu.

Ukuvikelwa Barrier kuhilela ukwahlukanisa mechanical ebusweni metal. The njalo kunazo esetshenziswa mathuluzi ukubhekisiswa izinsimbi ayoni. Kodwa uma siphukile ubuqotho ifilimu, lesi simo singenzeka ngaphansi podplenochnaya ukugqwala.

Imaphi amathuluzi?

Sinini ukwelashwa anti-ukugqwala izakhiwo steel, indlela zikhethwa ngokucophelela. Ukuze passivation ezishelelayo esetshenziswa upende aqukethe acid phosphate noma zombala chromate, okuyinto ukubambezela izinqubo ezonakalisayo. Lapho usebenzisa kwenziwa passivating esetshenziswa nebulizer. Kuye izingxenye eziningi kanjani kulezi izingoma, angasetshenziswa ukuze kusebenziswe futhi izinsimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni.

ukwelashwa Passive ingase futhi abe umvikeli kodwa kulokhu inki esetshenziswa lapho abangaphezu kuka-86% we-uthuli metal kusukela isici okusezingeni eliphezulu inciphisa amandla angokwemvelo ziqhathaniswa ebusweni ngayo. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho ukwelashwa anti-ukugqwala metal sisetshenziswa, ngopende akhethiwe ngokugcwalisa zinc esihle powder. Kulobu buchwepheshe sibizwa ngokuthi galvanizing ezibandayo, okwandisa ukuphila inkonzo surface metal futhi ukumelana layo nokuhuzuka.

Upende enamels

Ukuvikelwa metal ezakhiwe Kwenziwa okusekelwe ezintathu izinhlobo izimali:

• ezinengilazi Paint ukuthi kulula futhi elula ukusebenzisa futhi ethulwa ezihlukahlukene imibala. Ngosizo upende zingahlungwa metal takhiwo usayizi esikhulu futhi yikuphi ukucushwa.
• Plastic anti-ukugqwala ezinengilazi, okuncike ftorplast, inayiloni, PVC. Lezi zinto zehlela zinezikhathi amanzi ephakeme, acid kanye ukumelana alikhali.
• asetshenziswa Coatings ne irabha ngasesinqeni lapho ukwelashwa anti-ukugqwala wenziwa ngaphakathi amathangi nensimbi.

izindlela ezisebenzayo Ukuvikelwa

Metal zidinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile, asetshenziswa izindlela asebenzayo lapho. Ukumelana imikhiqizo metal izici zangaphandle kwentiwa nguloku:

• Hot galvanizing izingxenye: ingxenye kulobu buchwepheshe sibizwa wokuqala ngaphansi degreasing ke - sandblasting noma etching acid, kanjalo camera nge ungqimba ezondile zinc. Ukusabela chemical kuholela yokuthi kwakheka ifilimu zokuzivikela is phezu kwensimbi. It ivikela metal kuyakuvikela kusuka umswakama. Ngokuvamile, ama-hot idiphu galvanizing isetshenziselwa ngokucubungula izinto ezinkulu - amathangi nemithombo.
• galvanizing electrochemical: le ndlela kuhilela isizinda zinc ion okusheshayo kusuka isixazululo wavuma esidi ngesikhathi electrolysis. ukuphathwa kukagesi metal esetshenziselwa ekucubunguleni imikhiqizo metal, izingxenye lesemkhatsini.
• Thermodiffusion isicelo enamathela zinc: athomu zinc kwalo buchwepheshe kuphundlukele sensimbi ngaphansi ukushisa. Esinemthombo etholwe okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside, lapho into yokuqala iyaphindwa ngokugcwele, ngisho noma ebusweni nge kude noma impumuzo.

Corrosion izakhiwo steel ukwelashwa kungakusiza kwenziwe ngaphezu ukuvikelwa electrochemical.

izindlela zesimanje

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuvikela ubuso metal ngokumelene ukugqwala is ezinengilazi isicelo, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ethengekayo futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa lesi sendlalelo idinga ukuvuselelwa njalo eminyakeni 5-7, okuyinto isikhathi esiningi futhi ezibizayo. Futhi ukusebenzisa Electroplating nezindlela electrochemical ebiza kakhulu, nakuba of nokugqwala, ungakwazi ukukhohlwa iminyaka engaba ngu-50.

Yingakho ukwelashwa ezingasho anti-ukugqwala izakhiwo steel Kwenziwa ngosizo "ketshezi iraba". Lena impahla ezimbili ingxenye, okuyinto uyakwazi enokwethenjelwa futhi isikhathi eside ukuvikela ebusweni emathonyeni angaphandle. Isicelo se-elastomer uyakwazi ukusebenzisa a nekhono ulwelwesi ungqimba, okuyinto lisetshenzisiwe isibhamu spray. Rubber ngokushesha osemanzi phezu, ingeyona iyiphi drips noma bokungafani. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungenzeka ngisho ukusebenza nge manzi ebusweni metal. Abakhi lezo zimali bathi enamathela ezinjalo ngeke izothatha iminyaka engu-20, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo yayo yasekuqaleni.

ukulungiselela ebusweni

Kukhulumisana kahle nesive Ukuvikelwa nokugqwala metal bungatholakala kuphela uma ebusweni abakulungiselweyo ezingeni elifanele. Imishini ngokwayo ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa anticorrosive metal izakhiwo awayona inkimbinkimbi, ngakho ukusebenzisa kwayo akubangi izinkinga. Surface ukulungiselela kwenziwa athutha noma afakwe imithi. Ezidumile izindlela amakhemikhali, kusukela mechanical ayikwazi ukunikeza ezingeni elifanele of izinto zokuzivikela. Kodwa udinga ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe ngokuvumelana upende akhethiwe kanye nemibandela ukuxhashazwa kwazo olunye.

Phosphating futhi chromate

Ukulungiselela we ebusweni metal wenziwa kuye ngohlobo metal. Surface ukulungiselela yensimbi phosphating wenziwa usebenzisa, njengoba base izinsimbi kusetshenzwe yibo bobabili izindlela. Ngokuvamile, ukulungiswa amakhemikhali ebusweni metal siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana:

• degreasing ebusweni;
• ukugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile;
• isicelo ungqimba ukuguqulwa;
• ukugeza futhi nge amanzi ahlanzekile;
• uhlambulule ngamanzi demineralized;
• passivation.

ukwelashwa Chemical wenziwa sishaye metal (ukuqhumisa ngesikhathi ingcindezi ongaphakeme), ukucwiliswa and umusi jetting ezivamile zokukhipha usawoti emanzini jet. Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala ezidinga ukusetshenziswa amayunithi ekhethekile, ezilungiselela ebusweni. Indlela ekhethiwe ngokuhambisana nohlelo ukukhiqizwa, ukucushwa nobukhulu balezi umkhiqizo, nezinye izinto eziningi.

iphayiphi Icubungula

ukwelashwa Anti-ukugqwala izakhiwo steel kanye namapayipi wenziwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo namazinga isimo. Icubungula kungaba kwenziwe kokubili ukusebenza iphayiphi, futhi ngesikhathi umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo zalo noma zokulungisa. Can ukuvikela amapayipi izindlela yekwentiwa - ke kuyakhethwa ngokuhambisana indlela gasket. Ukuze amapayipi, wabeka phezu phansi, kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha ezitholakala amelana imiphumela kwemvelo. Lapho ubuso asebenzayo indlela zokuzivikela, wadala ngokusebenzisa amamathiriyelii okunganikeza electrochemical Ukuvikelwa enamathela. Ukuvikelwa amapayipi wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Okokuqala, igemfe kuqeda ezinengilazi nangokuvikela, nokugqwala, isikali futhi konke ukungcola.
2. Uma uyikha phezulu le bahlanza isicelo anticorrosion izinto, umsebenzi kungaba kwenziwe ezingeni lokushisa 5 degrees futhi ngesikhathi nomswakama ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-80%.

Ngemva ukwelashwa okudingayo ukuze ahlole ngokucophelela iphayiphi ukuthola ukukhubazeka, uma phezu. amadivaysi Special kunqunywa ebusweni izinga uxhumano kanye izinga enamathela futhi ukushuba we enamathela ifilimu eyomile.

Ukuvikelwa yekwentiwa

ukuphathwa Anticorrosion metal, isimiso zazo kuncike zokwakha, kungase kwenziwe nge Ukuvikelwa yekwentiwa ezishelelayo. Bobabili izindlela enzelwe ukuvikela ipayipi lensimbi kusuka izici eziyingozi kwemvelo. Futhi uma ugesi sise ukujula okukhulu, kukhona isidingo sokuvikela metal kusukela nabo emhlabathini. Ngenxa izingqimba zokuzivikela kapende, lacquer, koqweqwe lwawo sidala umgoqo okuqhubekayo futhi iqine kakhulu evikela ebusweni kusukela umthelela ongemuhle imvelo bangaphandle.

Pipeline ukucutshungulwa ngokuvamile eyenziwa nge powder izinto ngesisekelo materials plastic. Basuke ozofakwa ipayipi ukuthi ngaphambili sishisiswe lokushisa ethile.

Ngakho, enifeza ukwelashwa anti-ezonakalisayo - kungenzeka ukuvimbela nokugqwala kunoma iyiphi evele metal. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso ongakhetha nezindlela zokwelashwa - isiqinisekiso sokuthi ongavikela lutho - kusukela amapayipi kanye imoto obuncane metal.