Izakhiwo Babbitt. Ukwakheka, umkhiqizo, kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa Babbitt

Lesi sihloko Sizokwenza ingxubevange owenziwa ngamagugu - imayelana American Isaka Babbitt. . Kwaba Babbitt owakhuphula umsunguli e 1841, umklomelo ayizinkulungwane 20 zamaRandi kusukela United States Congress, u senguquko umsebenzi wakhe - the ngamagugu waqala ngokukhethekile Alloys. Babbitt yayisivele lobunikazi ngo-1844 e-UK, futhi ngo-1847 - eMbusweni Russian. I eziyigugu ingane Usosayensi othile e-United States ngenxa yesimo samanje, lapho kusetshenziswa, ukuthi kubiza malini futhi yini izici uqiniseka ukufunda ku.

Babbit - kuyini

Ukuze kuhlonishwe I. Babbitt owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi ingxubevange ngezinto ezintathu eziwusizo kakhulu ekwenzeni amabombo - zigcwele Babbitt oncibilikisiwe odongeni kwangaphakathi steel kushaft ilungu lapho kwenzeka ngesikhathi Ukujikeleza nokungqubuzana. Ukusungulwa kwe-nososayensi waseMelika kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa ebizwa bafake.

Ukwakheka Babbitt okwethulwa ezahlukene ngezabelo, ithini antimony, phambili nethusi. Njengoba Babbitt metal inezigaba kokubili soft futhi onzima Ima antifriction izakhiwo, ukugqoka ukumelana. Yenziwe ke amabombo uvumelane snugly ukuba lapho imiphini, esebenza isikhathi eside.

Isikhathi ukusebenza efanele eziveza Babbitt incike ukujiya ukhonkolo phezu steel ingxubevange lokhu ungqimba liner. I ohlabayo kunjalo, ingxenye eside kungenziwa eziqhutshwa.

izakhiwo Babbitt

Sibala izakhiwo eziyinhloko okumangalisayo kwesibonakaliso ingxubevange:

• anti-friction impahla - ekumelaneni ukungqubuzana kwemibono (reciprocating ukunyakaza efana "lapha nalaphaya");
• Ukumelana ukugqwala;
• ubulukhuni ongaphakeme (HB 13-32);
• ukuqina;
• okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity ezishisayo;
• nezavyshennaya ukuncibilika lokushisa - 240-340 degrees Celsius;
• razmyagchaemost Ukwandiswa ingxubevange at 100 degrees Celsius (HB 9-24);
• ubunzima anda.

Emihle nemibi Babbitt

Uma ucabangela izakhiwo Babbitt, chofoza elithola ukhiye kanye nebubi. Ngu ingxubevange izinzuzo zihlanganisa yayo izimfanelo anti-friction futhi omuhle kakhulu imininingwane ukugijima-e. Ingxubevange kakhulu kwandisa ukuphila inkonzo eziveza ukuqina yayo - ngenkathi esebenza Babbitt ungqimba microtubules kwakhiwa, okuyinto uthola ingxenye igrisi.

Omunye, kodwa kusimo okuphawulekayo babbits yabo ongaphakeme iqhathaniswa nezinye Alloys amandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-fibre enjalo kukhawulwe eziqine kakhudlwana cast iron, steel nowethusi izindlu.

Izinhlobo kanye brand of ingxubevange

Lesitshalo-uphawu Babbitt ezintathu zama - kuncike metal isizinda:

1. Calcium. Nakuba isisekelo salo ingxubevange phambili isusela igama layo kusukela kwenye yezingxenye - elikhona Ukwakheka ngokuthi ama-calcium kanye sodium. Lezi zici ukuhlukanisa Babbitt amanani ezingabizi kakhulu, sinike conductivity ephakeme ezishisayo kanye kwabantu. Kodwa ngenkathi ingxubevange esinjalo ngokushesha oxidized, ukuthi engenzi engeza ngokuqina. Ngakho-ke i-calcium Babbitt ezimweni eziningi asetshenziswe ifaka ozimele izimoto, zombili yizimpahla nomgibeli - lapho ngokuvamile ihlolwe futhi esikhundleni ngokushesha uma kunesidingo.
2. Tin. Isisekelo lesi tin babbit, okuyinto has a Coefficient okusezingeni eliphezulu friction, okusezingeni eliphezulu bafake ukumelana naso futhi kwenze ductility anda ukugqwala ukumelana. Lokhu ingxubevange imayelana kabili kuqine ngokuthi 'abafowabo.' Ngakho-ke, lokhu esisemqoka uphawu Babbitt ukuzala, ebangela umthwalo esiphezulu kanye nendima ebalulekile kunikezelwe. ensimini yabo kwesicelo - ahlukahlukene ongaphakeme-speed izinjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho ithini likhona kule ingxubevange futhi nickel noma cadmium, noma antimony nethusi. Ububi we Babbitt tin ngeke nje kube wentengo esiphezulu phakathi lezi Alloys.
3. Hola. izingxenye Soft nazi phambili ne-antimony - 87% no-13% ngokulandelana kule ingxenye. I okuqinile ingxubevange element - lokhu antimony crystal (5% kakade wezindleko). Lokhu Babbitt hhayi labelwe kuyaqina, futhi ngoba olusetshenziselwa ukwakha amabombo ezithwele kakhulu. Nokho, kuyamangalisa ukuthi kuletha okukhulu ephezulu lokushisa Ukushisa isici. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi babbits ezinjalo usengozini ukugqwala. indlela yabo - diesel izinjini of ogandaganda nezimoto.

Izitembu kuholele Babbitt - B16 (phambili - isici esiyisisekelo), BS6, BN (phambili, ithini nickel, ithusi, i-arsenic, cadmium, antimony). Njengalezi ithini ezenziwe ngokuhambisana GOST 1320-74. Calcium Alloys zivumelana GOST 1209-90; izinhlobonhlobo - kuyinto BK2, BKA, BK2TS, BK2SH. Izitembu tin Babbitt - B83, B83S (kwalokho encane phambili), B88. Movement B83, isibonelo - kuba-80% ingxenye kathayela, 12% SB, futhi-6% yethusi, ngokwesilinganiso, 0.1% bismuth umthofu, insimbi, i-arsenic, i-aluminiyamu. A B6 - a 88% phambili, 0.3% yethusi, 0.1% yensimbi, ingxenye encane zinc kanye arsenic.

ingxubevange ukukhiqizwa

izakhiwo Babbitt encike ngqo kwi amalungu. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa yayo kudinga kuphela ukukhiqizwa izakhi zalo (noma ukucutshungulwa izinto kabusha), ngoba - ngokuphelele ingxubevange ezenziwe umuntu. Ekwakhiweni Babbitt - lokhu ingots, izingulube enesisindo esingaphansi 22 kg. Kubo okokusebenza yabalingisi ibhalwe ngokucophelela - sihlanza degreased. Lapho mass encibilika esuswa sprudinu indawo - Foam refractory.

Ukukhiqizwa uphela Babbitt asakazwe ingots. Ngamunye wabo sihleli-trade mark, brand name kanye nenombolo ye-serial iziqu. Abasebenzi zalesi sihlahla, okuyinto ngokukhethekile asakazwe amabombo, ukulungele ingots encibilikisiwe, izitini, wathela Babbitt zabaseGibithe ziphela amandla igobolondo esindayo.

ukuncibilika Babbitt

Ngenxa yalezi Alloys asetshenziswa njengoba insimbi eyinhloko - nsimbi lokuqala elibalulekile secondary - encibilika metal. Ngaphandle yezingxenye esemqoka ezisohlwini zindima ezingenhla, yengezwe ngo babbits cadmium, i-arsenic, i-sodium, tellurium.

Babbit B16, BN, B88 nezinye uphonswa ingots (ingot), ebonakala mass kahle ichazwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kobuso ingot is hhayi waphawula ukungcola kancane - ngisho lokhu isici kungaba zibulale izinga esindayo.

Brand Babbitt sithinta ukuncibilika lokushisa ingxubevange sika. Ngakho, ethandwa kakhulu B83 Babbitt liyancibilika at 240 degrees Celsius, futhi ithini B83 - ngamanani + 340-440 degrees kulesi silinganiso esifanayo.

Ngokucacile isicelo Babbitt

Ukuze uthole imininingwane zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi idinga yayo sha Babbitt ingxubevange:

• Ixhuma induku amabombo (piston ngokuhlanganyela kanye crankshaft) - uphawu BM. ugandaganda ezisetshenzisiwe. Badinga kufakwe amasha ngokusebenzisa zonke amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane.
• Main eziveza - ukusetshenziswa Babbitt B88 eziklanyelwe ngesivinini, imithwalo ashukumisayo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu phawu asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo kokuphakathi ngesivinini diesel.
• Bearings ngoba zasolwandle amapayipi amanzi, compressor - uhlobo BN, ekahle imithwalo medium and ngesivinini.
• Heavy imishini - izakhiwo Babbitt B16 amamaki lehlukene tibalulekile kakhulu.

izindleko Babbitt

Cabanga izindleko ingxubevange endaweni WaseRussia. Inani kuncike izakhiwo Babbitt brand ayo. Ngakho, isilinganiso senani phambili Babbitt B16 -. 350 ruble ayizigidi / ithani. izindleko B83 ingxubevange grade - ruble mayelana 1.3 million / ithani.

Uma sicabanga emakethe kabusha, 1 kg babbit metal zingafundwa ngoba ngenani elikhulu ruble 500-600. / Kg. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi Alloys bathenga mayelana nokulahla yabo okwalandela, kusukela amabombo ezingadingekile ngaphezulu kungabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki imvelo kanye cadmium, okuhola antimony - ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi ushevu ubunjalo ezizungezile.

Babbitt Alloys - hhayi yafika yesimanje. Nokho, kunjalo nanamuhla tisabalulekile e Mechanics - okungukuthi, ekwenzeni amabombo. Kukhona ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi babbits okuhlala, ukugqoka nemithi, kuyashesha futhi Friend lapped imininingwane, kuqinisekisa ethule nge ukungezwani ngenxa conductivity yayo ongaphakeme ezishisayo, ukuqeda injini okweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi ukunikela inqwaba lemikhiqizo letehlukene Babbitt, ngamunye okuhambelana kohlobo oluthile njengoba ukuzala, futhi wonke imishini yenjini.