Igama elithi "mthetho" ngokuthi mthetho (ngokugcwele noma kancane) inzuzo utshwala izinto.
Ukwenqatshelwa e-United States
Esikhathini kusuka 1920 kuya 1933 wenza ukuvinjelwa ukudayiswa, ezokuthutha kanye ukukhiqizwa utshwala e-United States. Ukwenqatshelwa eMelika laqanjwa ngemva kwemukelwa nesishiyagalombili lamthetho US uMthethosisekelo. Ngaphandle komthetho kwathiwa ibe yimpahla utshwala kanye ukusetshenziswa yayo. On ukuvinjelwa utshwala okabili emphakathini American. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalandeli yomthetho akubonayo njengoba ukunqoba zokuziphatha impilo. Impumelelo undoubted kwaba nokwehla utshwala kabili 20s, awasalayo ngezansi ezingeni elihambisana kwesikhathi esandulele sokuvinjelwa, kuze 1940. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezitha umthetho ( "ezimanzi") wagxeka sokuvinjelwa, ukusibiza kwakuwukuhlasela kwezifiso yasemakhaya amaProthestani ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila zezakhamizi, izifiki amaKatolika. Naphezu imiphumela emihle komthetho ezimba, imiphumela engemihle ngoba izwe lakithi ngaleso sikhathi sikhulu kakhulu kunanoma ukuthi avunyelwe nezitha umthetho ngemva kweminyaka engu-13 ukuba yenza neSichibiyelo Samashumi Amabili lokuqala uMthethosisekelo, echithiwe i mthetho elalingathandwa Melika. Omunye imiphumela edabukisayo kwaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani ezigebe-. Isitatimende wathi okokuqala mafia American. izinhlangano eziningi zobugebengu inzuzo nokushushumbisa, ukukhiqizwa emthethweni nokusatshalaliswa utshwala. Anti-utshwala izinyathelo ibe nomthelela omubi emnothweni. Ukwenqatshelwa laphawulwa ukukhula angathikhiwe inkohlakalo amaphoyisa kanye kwezazi zezombangazwe.
Okuhlangenwe nakho edabukisayo ukulinganisela ophoqelelwe eU.SSR
Olwenziwe eU.SSR imikhankaso anti-utshwala yayingajwayeleki kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, izinyathelo kahulumeni yokulwisana zokunciphisa utshwala. umkhankaso Kugcine wasala inkumbulo zabantu, enesihloko esithi "Ukwenqatshelwa Gorbachev." Gorbachev okuqalwe umzabalazo wokulwa ukudakwa ngokushesha ngemva eza namandla. Umi ngo-1985, isimo emphakathini waseSoviet yafuna isinyathelo esiwujuqu, ngoba ukuluthwa utshwala kuleli zwe safinyelela izinga nenhlekelele kazwelonke. izinyathelo Eqine athathwa, okwaphumela labantu nizithibe uye emininingwaneni yabantu ngcono kakhulu, anda bempilo sabantu besilisa, inciphise inani ubugebengu obenziwa isimo lokudakwa oludakayo. Kodwa mthetho utshwala e eSoviet Union, kanye umthetho owenqabelayo Melika, kwaholela ekutheni kube nokwehla kwezomnotho. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela inzuzo etholakale ngokudayisa utshwala ngesikhathi esifushane kwaholela ibhajethi kusilela. Abashaya imithetho alindele Yiqiniso, ezinye ukusebenza, kodwa sasingababonayo amandla ikhilomitha emigqeni ezitolo, futhi ezimweni eziningi ubuthi, amakhemikhali utshwala-based, ukuphisa echumayo womshini ngasese yotshwala. Ngo ukwazi mass anti-utshwala umkhankaso kwabonakala isinqumo kungazwakali iziphathimandla aqondiswe ngokumelene "abantu abavamile", ophoqelelwe yonke indlela ukuba ' "utshwala, isatholakala iqembu elite kwezomnotho. Nokho, abaholi yezwe wayaziwa eminye imiphumela iyadumaza kwaholela umthetho ezomile e-United States futhi Finland. It kuseyimpicabadala kungani ekuqaleni uzochitheka umkhawulo utshwala nge izinyathelo zokuphatha inhloko yezwe kwakubonakala okuwukuphela kwekhambi eliphelele lesifanele lenkinga etshwaleni.