Engineering simangalele noma umlando okusungulile eziphehla ugesi

Ekhulwini XII kwaphawulwa ukubukeka umusi injini kuqala. Lona umcimbi lapho umkhakha nobuchwepheshe avele imishini ngomshini kancane kancane indawo bokusebenza komuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha akuyona emi namanje. Lonke umlando sokuthuthuka libhekene ukufuna amakhambi ukuze abaqambi emhlabeni umsebenzi ofanayo - ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Pore the samanzi.

Ngokobufakazi obukhona, umlando kokusungulwa avela abaphehla ugesi XIX leminyaka lapho usosayensi Swedish Charles Patrick uLaval yasungulwa ubisi isihlukanisi. Ufuna ukuxazulula inkinga okwandisa ijubane kule divayisi, uCarl owasungula le ophephela umusi, esasiklanyelwe ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Leli sondo ophephela ine uhlobo nge izindwani, umusi jet elikhiphe kusukela ipayipi leli sondo sicindezelwe kanye untwist blade. I amashubhu usosayensi umusi ukukha usayizi ehlukahlukene ukuma isikhathi eside, okuholela ucwaningo eside bafika esiphethweni sokuthi kumelwe Isigaxa emise tube kufanele. Le divayisi isetshenziselwa kube yilolu suku, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "umlomo wombhobho uLaval". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kokusungulwa uLaval yayilula ngokwanele Uma unganakile, idivayisi, Kwakusimangaza engineering. Kodwa ngemva kwenkathi ethile ososayensi isikhathi - theorists sifakazelwe ukuthi ukusungulwa usebenzisa umlomo wombhobho umusi ophephela Lovaglio unika amaphuzu aphezulu.

usosayensi waseBrithani Charles Parsons futhi negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni le mboni. Bona zazixhunywe a ophephela umusi nomshini ophehla ugesi amandla, ngakho-ke, ophephela ongaveza ugesi. Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi nahlanu Parsons owasungula le ophephela jet nge ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu. Ngesikhashana nje abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu jet abaphehla ugesi ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ugesi, namandla isitshalo wokuqala emhlabeni besebenzisa jet umusi ophephela Lalakhiwe eminyakeni engaba yishumi kamuva. Ngakho, lo mshini lwapheleliswa Parsons turbines uLaval indlela. Futhi Parsons isitsha wakhiwa kusetshenziswa idrayivu ye ophephela umusi, samanzi ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa yenziwe emikhunjini eminingi. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, idatha the samanzi liyasetshenziswa ku ezishisayo izitshalo amandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho umlando okusungulile turbines liya phezulu XX leminyaka lapho umklami French Ogyust Rato esakhiwe multistage umusi ophephela, lapho nemingcele elikhulu ingcindezi iconsi ngoba ophephela esigabeni ngasinye ziye ibalwa.

Phela, nososayensi waseMelika Glen Curtis, samanzi lakhiwe, eyayisebenzisa uhlelo olusha wakwenza kwadingeka usayizi encane kanye nomklamo ngamandla. Lezi abaphehla ugesi ayesetshenziswa ukwakhiwa izinhlelo imoto, base efakwe abachithi kuqala, bese emikhunjini yezempi, futhi ekugcineni, emikhunjini umgibeli.

Ngakho, umlando abaphehla ugesi okusungulile adalule izindlela eziningana yokuthola elula futhi ukonga ukushisa injini ososayensi XIX leminyaka. Omunye abaqambi athuthukile injini ukushisa, lapho uphethiloli is combusted e uMbhalo ngabe, Ngakho-ke, i-injini olunjalo belungaphelelwa isikhathi kahle ubekwe iloli. ososayensi Okunye umusi injini ngcono ukuze andise amandla ayo kahle.

Kusukela namuhla, indaba iqala kokusungulwa abaphehla ugesi ezifana amagama omkhulu njengoba uLaval, Parsons kanye noCurtis. Zonke lezi ososayensi kanye abaqambi baye negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha kanye nezokuthutha links emhlabeni wonke. Abakufeza zazibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abantu. Kodwa okubaluleke kunakho konke kwaba ukusabalala kwaleli hlobo luni lwamandla, ezifana nogesi. Okwamanje, ososayensi idatha okusungulile kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ekwakhiweni imikhumbi izitshalo amandla.