Umbhishobhi Russian Church Dimitriy Rostovsky: Biography futhi amaqiniso okuphila

Phakathi izindawo eziningi eMoscow Church Dimitriya Rostovskogo e Ochakovo ivelele elalakhiwe ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa saint lokuqala abagcotshwa esikhathini Synodal, okungukuthi kule minyaka lapho uPetru mina waqeda umbhishobhi omkhulu, futhi ophakeme amandla kobufundisi wadluliswa esiGungwini Esingcwele. Umsunguli Rostov lolimi esikoleni, inceku kaNkulunkulu, behla emlandweni njengoba uthisha ovelele.

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha saint esizayo

Wazalelwa Dimitriy Rostovsky ngoDisemba 1651, in a Makarovka encane emzaneni Ukrainian, eduze Kiev. Lapho ebhapathizwa engcwele waqanjwa kaDaniyeli. Abazali balo mfana, ngaphandle Ebala iyiphi izikhulu eziphakeme noma abacebile, babengamadoda ukuhlonishwa ukulunga kwawo nomusa. Emva kokuthola imfundo ekhaya, le nsizwa iya abaZalwane School, wavula ngesikhathi Kyïv Bandla Epiphany. It isasekhona namuhla, kodwa kakade uguqulwe ube Theological Academy.

Nge ikhono elingavamile futhi ngikhuthazele, Daniyeli, impumelelo yabo ezifundweni zabo ngokushesha wema esixukwini abafundi, futhi kakhulu imakwe ngothisha. Nokho, inkazimulo enkulu kunayo yonke kuleyo minyaka ayeyithole ukuzishaya yakhe kungemalengiso futsi bayithanda kakhulu inkolo. Noma kunjalo, le cwaningo yimpumelelo lasheshe ushiye.

Ukuqala endleleni Izigodlo

hierarch Ikusasa Dimitriy Rostovsky wayesalokhu insizwa nesishiyagalombili, lapho ngokuhamba impi olunegazi ne Russia Zadneprovsky Cossacks azihlanganisa nabo Poland ashaqe okwesikhashana Kiev futhi yavalwa Bazalwane School. Zibancishe umeluleki labo abalithandayo, Daniel siyaqhubeka ngokuzimela siziqonde isayensi futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngaphansi kwethonya izincwadi patristic, thatha izifungo Izigodlo enegama Dimitri. Kufeziwe kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile ekuphileni kwalo lezindela eSt kukaCyril, okwakuwuphawu churchwarden ngesikhathi uyise owayesekhulile.

Kulesi sezindela waqala indlela zakhe ukukhazinyuliswa saint esizayo. Life of Dimitriya Rostovskogo, lwekhompuyutha sekwenziwe emva Phumula wakhe ebusisekile iminyaka eminingi, ufanisa iminyaka yakhe osemusha zezinsika isonto Vasiliy Veliky, uGregory le Isazi senkolo futhi ioann Zlatoust. Ukuqala zobuqhawe bakhe okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingokomoya kufanele kuphawulwe Kiev Metropolitan uJosefa, futhi ngokushesha oyindela baba igosa futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha wamiswa umpristi bangashadi.

Ukulwa Latin baqede

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo saint esizayo Dimitriy Rostovsky aqale umsebenzi wakhe kule besifunda-bhishobhi, okuyinto wathunyelwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Chernigov Lazar (Baranovych). Kwakuyisikhathi ukulalela kubaluleke kakhulu futhi wemfanelo, ngalezo zinsuku kuxhomeke kakhulu ithonya abashumayeli Latin ngubani bazama ukubathena amandla abantu kusuka yenkolelo kweqiniso. Ukuze silondoloze izingxoxo ukuncintisana nabo kwakudingeka umpristi lisebenza futhi wafundiswa ngokugcwele. Kuyinto umfundi enjalo yazuza umbhishobhi lapho sibhekene ubupristi abasha.

Kulesi ensimini Dimitriy Rostovsky basebenza ndawonye zemfundiso yenkolo abaningi ababevelele isikhathi, wazigcwalisa Imininingwane lithathwe ukuntula ulwazi eyabo, ngoba izimo wamvimbela ukuqedela isikole Brethren. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili engawutholi waba ngumshumayeli eMnyangweni Chernigov, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi akuyona amazwi kuphela zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ohlakaniphile, aqondiswa ku-ibandla, kodwa futhi nangesibonelo siqu eziphilayo kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu.

Saint Dimitriy Rostovsky - umshumayeli oluvelele

Ezinedumela lomunye umshumayeli into engavamile zasakazekela kulo Little Russia naseLithuania. Abaningi Isigodlo wammema ukuba babavakashele futhi kumfowabo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, phambi kwesixuku pilgrim kudingekile kangaka wonke amazwi Izimfundiso Waphezulu, ukuvula inhliziyo kokuntengantenga inkolo yeqiniso. Njengoba ukuPhila Dimitriya Rostovskogo, kule nkathi, kwenza eziningi wokujikeleza, sihambela sezindela ezahlukene.

Ngalesi sikhathi, udumo lwakhe njengoba umshumayeli ifinyelele ngezabelo yokuthi vitiyu abadumile bephikelela anxenxa hhayi kuphela abbots ezigodlweni of Kiev ne Chernigov, kodwa futhi mathupha Samoylovich hetman Little Russia, wamngenisa esendaweni yakhe endaweni njalo lomunye umshumayeli Baturin, ezithembisa okuningi yezinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Isikhathi senkonzo ezigodlweni nasezikhungweni Slutsk Baturina

Ungakapheli nonyaka sokuhlala kwakhe kuba Slutsk isimo Monastery, lapho Umshumayeli odumile umema Bishop uTheodosius. Lapha, ukushumayela iZwi likaNkulunkulu, futhi ukuzulazula emhlabeni komakhelwane, St Dimitriy Rostovsky iqala ukuzama khandlu ensimini entsha ngaye - izincwadi. Isikhumbuzo walabo izikhathi kwaba yisithelo semisebenzi yakhe - incazelo zezimangaliso Eliya isithonjana "Fleece ngenkasa".

Nokho, Izigodlo ukulalela duty kudingeka ukuba abuyele wesigodlo lakhe Kirillov Isigodlo, kodwa kwakungekho lutho. Ngesikhathi wayekulungele ukushiya wokungenisa izihambi ophahleni Slutskaya Isigodlo, Kiev nazo zonke Ukraine Zadneprovskaya esongelwa ayehlasela Turkish, futhi indawo kuphela ophephile Buchanan wahlala lapho futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe Dimitriy Rostovsky.

Ukwamukelwa inikeza abbacy

Getman Samoylovich wangena abefundisi, futhi ngenxa yalokho imfudumalo ekhethekile nozwela asabela ngayo isivakashi sakhe. Wasikisela Hieromonk uDemetriyu axazulule eduze Baturin ku St Nicholas Monastery, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa eholwa owaziwa wangaphambili usosayensi-semfundiso yenkolo uTheodosius Gurevich. Ukuxhumana nomuntu ahlanganiswe Dimitriya Rostovskogo ulwazi olusha, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulwe Latin lokuhlubuka.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho inkulu khona ingozi impi isidlulile, lo saint esizayo saba ngaphansi futhi athole imiyalezo evela zezindela ezahlukene, kodwa manje kwadingeka izipesheli abbacy, okusho isiqondiso zezindela ongcwele. Inhlonipho enjalo wabonisa igunya lakhe eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabefundisi bama. Ngemva engabaza, Ngokuzayo Metropolitan Dimitriy Rostovsky bavumelana ukuhola Maksakovskii wayesehlala, akuyona nomuzi waseJerusalema Borzna.

Umsebenzi yesayensi saint esizayo

Kodwa eside igumenstvovat kuye azange abe lapho. Kakade ngonyaka ozayo hetman Samoylovich, ukuhlukana ngoba umshumayeli isikhathi eside ozithandayo, ukuthola ngaye isimo Baturin Isigodlo, lapho nje akwazi ukukutholela indawo ngaphambi. Fika abode owawudalelwe, Dimitri nokho lenqaba sipho post ka Abbot nazo zonke bazinikela imisebenzi yesayensi.

Phakathi nale nkathi kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe. Umphathi esanda emisiwe Pechersk Lavra, Archimandrite Varlaam wammemela ukuhambisa e naye, ngaphansi vaults we Isigodlo Kiev lasendulo, futhi kukhona ukuqhubeka imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngokwamukela le isiphakamiso wesigodlo, St Dimitriy Rostovsky wasiphakamisa ibhizinisi eyinhloko ekuphileni kwakhe - ukuhlanganisa izimpilo abangcwele abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Universal Church. Ngalokhu umsebenzi eyaba engamashumi amabili edlule, engakwenzanga wabasiza kakhulu Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

Inguquko ukuze Metropolitan of Moscow

Lapho, ngo-1686, Dimitri uye wasebenza phezu Incwadi yesine izimpilo abangcwele, kwakukhona isenzakalo esibalulekile esenzeka ekuphileni iSonto Lobu-Orthodox: muzi Kiev, ngaphambili ilawulwe Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople, wathutha yokuthunyelwa eMoscow. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ucwaningo lwezesayensi St. uDemetriyu bangaphansi kokulawulwa Umbhishobhi Adrian. Ukuqaphela imisebenzi usosayensi, yena oziphakamisa yena isikhundla sokuba archimandrite futhi wesigodlo uqoka lokuqala Eletski Assumption Monastery, bese isimo eNovgorod-Siverskoe.

Ngo 1700, Tsar uPetru mina, waqeda sabefundisi ngemva kokufa Primate ka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, esinqumweni uqoka Archimandrite uDemetrios isihlalo singenamuntu ka Tobolsk. Kule ndaba, wayesemsebenzini nyaka wakhushulwa isikhundla sokuba umbhishobhi. Kodwa impilo akamvumelanga ukuya emaphethelweni sezulu esibandayo enyakatho, futhi ngemva konyaka kuKesari kuchazwe ke e Rostov wedolobha.

umnyango Rostov lemfundo nokunakekela abantu

Yonke inkathi kokuhlala kwawo kule umnyango, Metropolitan Dimitri ngokuzikhandla wanakekela imfundo sabantu, wahola ekulweni umlutha wotshwala, nokungazi nokukholelwa ezeni amnyama. intshiseko Special awabonisa wokuqeda Old Amakholwa Latin uyimbuka. Nampa esikoleni Slavic-Greek yasungulwa, okuyinto, kanye evamile leso sikhathi, izifundo ezifundiswa nezilimi classical - Latin nesiGreki.

Ukunakekela impilo yasemhlabeni kanye nokunxusa

Ubusisiwe ekupheleni saint weza Okthoba 28, 1709. Ngokuvumelana nezifiso zakhe zokugcina, wembelwa KuZiqu-zintathu Cathedral of esigodlweni sezindela Yakovlev. Nokho, ngokuphambene i-oda Monastery Bureau, uhlaka lokhuni eyayibekwe esikhundleni a Crypt itshe. Lena Ukuhamba kusuka izidingo kwaba nemiphumela ezingalindelekile esikhathini esizayo. Ngo 1752 kulungiswe tombstones yayiqhutshwa futhi emphemeni ethambile lokhuni ngephutha ezilimele. Lapho-ke wavula, sathola ngaphakathi lomngcwabo ne ezingcwele lapho uselokhu incorrupt zonke eminyakeni edlule.

Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ekuqaleni ukukhazinyuliswa loluhlelo ubuso ongcwele Metropolitan uDemetrios. I nokunxusa olusemthethweni eyenzekile ngo-1757. I izinsalela Dimitriya Rostovskogo yinto yokukhulekela inombolo enkulu zezihambeli ezaziya wafika Rostov kulo lonke elaseRussia. Eminyakeni eyalandela, amakhulu amaningana amacala sokuphulukiswa anikezwe imithandazo ethuneni lakhe ibhalisiwe. Ngokusho amasiko esonto, ihlanganiswa akathist Dimitriyu Rostovskomu njengoba saint esanda uyakhazinyuliswa kaNkulunkulu.

Ithempeli Dimitriya Rostovskogo - saint lesikhumbuzo kaNkulunkulu

Ngosuku nokuthola izinsalela we saint, mhla zingama-21 Septhemba futhi ngosuku Phumula elibusisiweyo Okthoba 28, kugujwa inkumbulo yakhe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII zokuphila kwakhe, egcwele isibonelo senkonzo eSontweni ke siqanjwe for izizukulwane eziningi izindela kubantukazana. Namuhla, esinye sezakhiwo zasendulo saint kaNkulunkulu onjalo uhlupho ukuvunywa eRussia, lokholo lweqiniso, sithi Church Dimitriya Rostovskogo e Ochakovo.