Ukwahlukaniswa izitshalo

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngisho umuntu oyedwa uyaphila namuhla uyazi ababe abantu abakubona kuqala zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo umehluko futhi ufunde ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zabo esiyingqayizivele. Akekho Yiqiniso, ngeke uqambe amagama alawo yezazi zasendulo, waqala afeze enjalo esintwini idili nebhodimo njengoba isitshalo ngezigaba.

Imizamo yokuqala unamahloni zokuhlukanisa izitshalo isekelwe kuphela ukufana kwamazwi cwaningo izinto zangaphandle. Yingakho ngokuvamile kakhulu imiphumela gade onakele. Nokho, ngokujulile amasampula ezitshalweni, izazi zesayensi ziye wathola wonke amaqiniso amasha, kakhulu phambili ekutadisheni flora.

ngezigaba Wanamuhla izitshalo, efana ngeengaba kakhulu eziphilayo, kusekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela eyaziwa kahle zikaDarwin. Kuyinto uhlobo lozalo ukuthi inamagatsha eziningi. isiqinisekiso Zemvelo ngokunemba lo mbono kukhona uyathola ahlukahlukene kwezazi. Ukuhlaziya isakhiwo lasendulo izitshalo yokuqothulwa futhi ukuqhathanisa sayo zezinhlobo esimanje asisiza ukuba sikwazi ukuba yahlulele umsuka zinhlobo futhi ekunqumeni endulo izitshalo yesimanje. Futhi umphumela izifundo esinjalo, kuba inyunyana eqenjini isitshalo nge "ukhokho" evamile. Ngesikhathi ezifana ucwaningo Botanical ukulandelela ngokucophelela indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo isampula ngalinye kanye ngezigaba ke.

It ingahlukaniswa flora ku ephakeme futhi izitshalo aphansi. Lower kukhona ulwelwe kanye ulele, nangaphezulu - ke wona, gymnosperms, Izinhlobo kanye nezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ngakho, lezi zigaba zihlukaniswe eminyangweni ehlukahlukene.

I enkulu kusengathiwa angiosperms umnyango noma izimila eziqhakazayo, okubandakanya izihlahla, izihlahla zasendle nezinto eziphilayo kwamasiko. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye isesimweni kanye nosayizi, kanye ubude bempilo kanye nezinye izakhiwo eziningi. Kuyinto ukuze uhambe ngokuphepha kuleli isiyaluyalu izilwane zasendle, futhi Ukwahlukaniswa izitshalo zom yadalwa. Baletha ndawonye phakathi lenqwaba imikhaya, ukudala amaqembu anjalo futhi subgroups, njengoba oluthile lwento ephilayo, uhlobo lwe, ukuze, ekilasini nokuhlukanisa. La maqembu zadalwa esekelwe izici isakhiwo, izindlela yentuthuko yomphakathi nokukhiqizwa izitshalo.

izinguquko ezinkulu kule Ukwahlukaniswa izitshalo wahlupheka 1789. Incwadi eyabhalwa yi-sezitshalo abadumile Antuan Loran Jussieu ngokuthi "isitshalo Zokubeletha elise oda zemvelo," Isigaba uMnyango zom kuzigaba 15, ngaphakathi okuyinto kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-100 "ukuze zemvelo." Lo msebenzi uye waletha sezitshalo French edumile emhlabeni wonke, futhi iningi amagama kusungulwe kubo kuze kube namuhla.

Abanye abathandi bemvelo kungukuthi wahlanganyela sina lokhu isayensi kuhle eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba isazi sezitshalo, kodwa uthando ukuzalela houseplants. Kule ndlu, "ososayensi" kungase kube kuhle ngezigaba ewusizo zezitshalo zasendlini, okusho uhlukanisa kulesi sigaba ngamaqembu amathathu: ngokulinganisela isitshalo ukukhanyisa, umthunzi-ukubekezela ukukhanya-onothando.

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izitshalo cishe zonke ezaziwayo. Amawolintshi, hydrangeas primrose, futhi begonias vuma ngo ukukhanya ngokulinganisela.

Iqembu lesibili - ezinjengohlinzamfuku, ivy, igumbi nemivini izitshalo boxwood, kunalokho buthule ukusinda e emakhoneni shady yensimu.

Iqembu lesithathu - izingane kwelanga, umdolofiya, zikagamthilini kanye Coleus, isitshalo, ungameli ezimpilweni zabo siqu ngaphandle imisebe mnene ilanga futhi ngokushesha yokubulawa ukuntula ukukhanyisa.

Akunamabhuku amagugu eziyisisekelo zezitshalo kusigaba kubalandeli zasemazweni aluhlaza nobuhle bemvelo yendlu. Into esemqoka ngabo - lena ukuvundiswa ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuthambisa, inhlabathi ushintsho kanye nokubika komhlaba ezanele izintandokazi zabo. Phela, esikhundleni isitshalo uyiduduze futhi kube nomoya wokuthula futhi kuphela kubo charm zithithibele zasendle