Umbuzo Cosmic ihlukile astronaut astronaut

iminyaka engu-100 kuphela edlule, abantu abakwazanga ngisho nokuphupha ukuthi angahamba udabula emoyeni, zokunqoba amabanga amade ngejubane eliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi okuthile kumnandi umqondo kwakubonakala womuntu emkhathini. Esikhathini samanje kuyinto eyenzeka kwansuku semi abantu bahlale emzileni. Ngokuvamile kumabonakude ukukhuluma ngabantu, ukuze anqobe emkhathini. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izazi zezinkanyezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - the osomkhathi. Uyini umehluko?

Kanjani ukuqala izwi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-astronaut kusukela astronaut ihlukile, kudingeka uqonde umsuka amazwi.

Okokuqala, izwe wafunda igama elithi "astronaut". Kukholakala ukuthi seziqalile ukusetshenziswa yayo emakhasini fantasy amanoveli yombhali IsiZulu P. Gregg ngo-1880. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthandwa ezikhethekile kuluthola. Ngo-1929, igama elithi yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo definition yesayensi esihlokweni waseBritish Astronomical Association.

Igama elithi "astronaut" ngo-1935 wasikisela ukuba usosayensi wahlanganyela ekubaleni indiza izindlela lwamarokhethi futhi popularizer isikhala isayensi - Shternfeld A. A. Kodwa imvelo yezesayensi is hhayi ngokushesha beqonda lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe. Ezinye izazi wala waphetha ezothatha ihlandla elisha, lilinganise ke neologisms ezingadingekile. Nokho, igama elithi "astronaut" emva maphakathi XX leminyaka, bajoyine silulumagama yesayensi kuqala, bese nesilulumagama kumuntu ovamile.

Womabili la magama zihlobene ngesiGreki. "Cosmonaut" ngolimi Pythagorean ngokoqobo ihumusha ngokuthi "Itilosi jikelele" futhi "astronaut" - "inkanyezi itilosi".

Uma sicabangela definition ngqo egameni ngalinye, umehluko kusuka astronaut astronaut ayitholakali. Phela, kokubili magama ayebhekisela umuntu wahlanganyela ekucwaningeni kwesayensi okuphathelene emkhathini. Nokho, emazweni ahlukahlukene ukwabelana ngalezi imiqondo, lisuke libhekisela kubantu mkhakha efanayo. Ngakho, ake ukucacisa umahluko phakathi usomkhathi kusukela astronaut, uyini umehluko?

impi yomshoshaphansi

I kwamangqamuzana imigomo ezombusazwe nendima enkulu. Yena bese unquma ukuthi iziphi lihlukile astronaut astronaut. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, iSoviet Union ne-United States amashumi eminyaka washaya izingalo uhlanga kanye okutholwe yisayensi ezivumela lizwe dlula isitha. Noma, njengoba ngokuvamile njengoba besho, e iMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Ngo ngemva kwempi ke waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo izinhlelo ezihlobene ukuhlola umkhathi. Saqala ukuhlola ekuphetheni mkhathi bavimba Emhlabeni orbit. Abantu wathumela ngale Umhlaba, e-USSR, kwanqunywa sibala osomkhathi, futhi Melika - the osomkhathi. Futhi nakuba, eqinisweni, migomo kuyahambisana, emazweni alwayo igxile ngamabomu umehluko kusuka astronaut astronaut.

Kuze kube manje, abezindaba nezincwadi zesayensi zangaleso emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukukhuluma ngabantu zilima Universe, zisebenzisa imibandela eyehlukile. It kuvela ukuthi umehluko oyinhloko kulokho usomkhathi kuhlukile usomkhathi - ubuzwe bakhe. Ukube izinkanyezi flying umshayeli Russian ukhuluma ngani kuye, "astronaut" uma American, isi-Japanese, European - "astronaut".

Eyokuqala emkhathini

Thina, yebo, uyazi ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi astronaut kuhlukile usomkhathi, ngoba bonke laba bantu kukhona amaqhawe zangempela.

Umuntu wokuqala, okwacaca emkhathini kwaba Soviet test umshayeli, futhi lihambisana - Cosmonaut, Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1961, ngo-Ephreli 12. Ukundiza eyathatha kancane amaminithi angaphezu kwangu-100. Manje, ngalolu suku ezweni lethu zigubha uSuku Cosmonautics.

Indoda yesibili ngubani waqhubeka rocket ku-orbit, kwaba Cosmonaut German Stepanovich titov. Emkhathini, wachitha esingaphezu kosuku.

EMelika, umuntu wokuqala nowesithathu emhlabeni, wenza indiza lwawo lokuqala ku emzileni Earth mkhathi, baba usomkhathi Dzhon Gershel Glenn Jr .. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona emkhathini wandizisa emhlabeni wonke kathathu.

A-astronaut lokuqala zesifazane, wathandwa expanses cosmic, baba uValentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (1963).

Ubani manje orbit?

Ngokwe-Mission Control Centre ngoJuni 2, 2017 at -International Space Station kuyinto iqembu ezintathu:

1. Test Cosmonaut we ekilasini 1st, induna ISS-52 - Yurchihin Fedor Nikolaevich (Russia).
2. NASA astronaut, indiza unjiniyela - Peggy Winston (USA).
3. NASA astronaut, indiza unjiniyela - Dzhek Fisher (USA).

Ukuze laba bantu, akunandaba, lokho lihlukile astronaut astronaut. Into esemqoka - umsebenzi zesayensi kanye nocwaningo, okuyokwenza Earthlings ukuzifinyelela izimfihlakalo yonke. Mhlawumbe kungenxa abantu abazinikezele siyokwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezinkanyezi kwamanye amaplanethi.