Umculi odume kakhulu emhlabeni - ungubani?

Abaculi abadumile kunazo zonke zekhulu le-19 bakha ubuciko obuhle, manje obugcinwe eminyuziyamu eminingi edumile emhlabeni. Izithombe zabo zimangele ngokukhazimula kwazo, kuyisibusiso esinethuba lokuzibonga. Uyazi abaculi abaningi balesi sikhathi?

Kazimir Malevich

Le ndoda yabhala izikhukhula eziningi ezidumile. Ngesikhathi sokuqala imidwebo yakhe yaboniswa embukisweni we-artists of capital ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-28 ubudala. Kukhona futhi kwaboniswa imisebenzi kaKandinsky nabanye abalobi. U-Malevich - hhayi umculi odume kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa inkazimulo yakhe yashaya lonke elaseRussia. Ukuba yilungu lomphakathi "iDaymond Knife", waba yinhloko yeqembu elifuywayo lama cubists. Izidalwa zokuqala, ezingavamile, ezihlukile kumafomu we-geometric abstract (lesi siqondiso sasibizwa ngokuthi "Suprematism"), umculi wabhala lapho eneminyaka engu-34 ubudala. Imidwebo yayithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngokushesha uMahalich wahlala esikoleni se-Vitebsk yobuciko njengothisha. Mhlawumbe, umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu umdwebo othi "The Black Square".

UVincent van Gogh

UVan Gogh, mhlawumbe umculi odumile kakhulu emhlabeni. Kungashiwo ngaphandle kokwedlulisa ukuthi wayengumKhisimusi ohlakaniphile. Nokho, ngeshwa, wathola ukuqashelwa ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.

UVan Gogh wazalelwa eHolland, ngo-1853. Kusukela esemncane wayehlonishwa ngomlingiswa wakhe ongenakunqotshwa kanye nokungavumelani okuncane. Ngokuvamile wayeziphendulela ngokwakhe, enganaki yonke imiboniso yezwe langaphandle.

Njengoba ekhula, waqala ukucindezeleka, waba nokuhlaselwa okungaqondakali - lesi sifo samlandela. Ngezinye izikhathi, uVanes Gogh waya esibhedlela sengqondo ukuze aphathe ukwelashwa.

Noma kunjalo, empilweni yaleli master akukhona nje ukuhlupheka - izenzakalo ezijabulisayo nazo zenzeka. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi akazange abe udumo ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, ukuthi imidwebo yakhe yabonakala njengengcweti kamuva. Manje abantu bayawazisa ngokugcwele ikhono lakhe: izikhukhula ze-impressionist enkulu zibangela ukuzwakalisa kwangempela. Umculi odume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke wayengumuntu onesipiliyoni.

Mikhail Vrubel

Lo ngumdwebi wasekhaya owadala imidwebo esitayela se-Art Nouveau. Wazalelwa e-Omsk ngoMashi 5, 1856.

Imidwebo yeVrubel yahlukaniswa ngokuvela kwayo nokuqala kwayo. Ngendlela ekhangayo enjengomdwebo, lo mculi wangena enkambisweni yokubuyisela iSonto laseKirill lase-Ukraine elahlala ngo-1884 kuya ku-1889. Imidwebo ethi "The Virgin ne-Child", ebhaliwe umbhali ngalesi sikhathi, okwamanje i-Museum of Art Russian. Itholakala enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine. Yiqiniso, bonke abaculi abadumile baseRussia bafanelwe inhlonipho, kodwa u-Vrubel ufanelwe ukuzwakalisa kwangempela - uyinhlakanipho.

UVictor Vasnetsov

UVictor Vasnetsov ungumdwebi odumile waseRussia, omunye wabadali bezinguquko zomhlaba zothando zanamuhla. Ukudweba kwakhe kuhle kakhulu futhi kuvumelana.

Umculi ubhekwa njengumsunguli wesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isiRashiya esimweni se-Europe nesimanje. UVasetsov uphinde wachaza uhlobo lomlando: kwesinye sezithombe zakhe eziyingqayizivele umlando ongaqondakali wezintandokazi zothando ungabelana nge-motifs ephakathi. Kodwa-ke, imikhosi yezinkondlo ngokwayo ngokuvamile iba yisakhiwo esikhulu semigodi emikhulu. U-Vasnetsov, akekho umculi odume kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa abantu abaningi abanesithakazelo kwezobuciko bazi ngaye.

Ivan Aivazovsky

U-Ivan Aivazovsky ungumculi odumile waseRussia, onguchwepheshe ochwepheni. Wazalwa ngo-1817. Uyise wayengumthengisi. Eminyakeni embalwa emva kokuqala koqeqesho, okungukuthi, ngo-1835, umdwebi osemusha wanikwa umdanso wesiliva ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngokushesha, umculi odumile waseFrance uPhilip Tanner uqala ukumnikeza izifundo. Ngo-1837 u-Aivazovsky wanikezwa indondo yegolide, emva kwalokho wahamba uhambo oluyiminyaka emibili eCrimea nasezweni laseYurophu.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, lo mculi wasungula isikole sobuciko e-Feodosia. Le mali iya emidwebo yakhe. Lesi sikhungo sezemfundo kamuva saba isikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu sobuciko, esiseNovorossia.

Manje uyayazi amagama abaculi abadumile, odume ngethalenta labo elingathandabuzeki. Ukuze ujwayele ukudweba kwabo kunconywa ukuvakashela imyuziyamu. Kodwa uma kungenjalo kungenzeka, ungathola indalo yabo kwi-Intanethi, kumawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene azinikezelwe ubuciko.