Ubuciko nokuzijabulisaArt

Konstantin Makovsky: ukuphila nomsebenzi womculi. Konstantin Makovsky: izithombe ezinhle, biography

I-biography yomculi u-Makovsky Constantine namuhla ufihliwe ngumfowabo ovelele uVladimir - ummeli odumile wamaWanderers. Noma kunjalo, uConstantine washiya uphawu oluphawulekayo kwezobuciko, waba umdwebi ojulile, ozimele.

Umndeni wakwa Makovsky

Igama lika Makovsky liyaziwa kakhulu kwezobuciko baseRussia. Uyise womndeni uJegor Ivanovich Makovsky wayengumculi odumile eMoscow, umculi we-amateur. Walungiselela "iSikole Sokwemvelo" kubadwebi, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi iSikole Sokudweba eMoscow, Isithombe Sokudweba.

Umoya wokudala wawubusa njalo emndenini futhi akumangalisi ukuthi zonke izingane ezintathu zikaJeor Ivanovich zaba abaculi. Ekhaya kwakuvame ukuba abangane babababa - abaculi uKar Bryullov noVasily Tropinin, ungathola lapha umlobi uGogol, umlingisi uSchchepkin, umqambi uGlinka. Ukuhlwa kwemibhalo kanye nomculo kwakuhlelwe njalo emndenini, izingxabano mayelana nobuciko zenziwa. Konke lokhu kwathonya ukwakheka kwezingane. UConstantin Makovsky omdala uthe impumelelo yakhe ekudwebeni, ubizwa kuphela ngoyise, owakwazi ukuhlala kuye uthando olungenakuqhathaniswa lobuciko.

Lo mndeni wayenabantwana abathathu: indodana endala uNonstantine, indodakazi ka-Alexander nomncane kunazo zonke - uVladimir. Ukuchuma komndeni kwakungesizotha, kepha umoya wobusa wokubusa uhlawulelwa ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinkinga zansuku zonke.

Ingane kaConstantine

Kusukela ebuntwaneni uConstantin Makovsky wayebhapathiziwe kwezobuciko, empeleni, wayengazi enye impilo, futhi wayehloselwe ukukhetha indlela yomdwebi. Bonke abantwana emndenini baqala ukudweba masinyane.

UKostya, njengengane yokuqala emndenini, waqala ngokusondelana noyise nabangane bakhe lapho bexoxa ngokudweba kanye nezinhlelo zabo, babonisa imidwebo nezithombe. Konke lokhu kwakumbukiso wokubukeka nokuthandwa komfana.

Ukutholwa kwemisebenzi yezandla

Ngo-1851, uKonstantin Makovsky wangena esikoleni sikababa sokudweba, ukudweba nokudweba. Abaqondisi bakhe babekhona - V. Tropinin, M. Scotti, S. Zaryanka, A. Mokritsky. Lapha iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kusukela kumfana, umculi wakhiwa ngeso lakhe, umbono wangempela wezwe futhi wamfundisa izinto eziyisisekelo zobuciko bezithombe.

Esikoleni wayeyena umfundi wokuqala, wathola yonke imiklomelo engenzeka. Ngo-1858, uConstantine wangena eSikoleni Sokubuciko eSt. Petersburg - isikhungo esihle kakhulu semfundo emkhakheni wobuciko eMbusweni waseRussia. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe wayevame ukukhombisa imisebenzi yakhe emibukisweni yonyaka we-Academy futhi waze wathola umdanso omkhulu wegolide. "Amaphoyisa aseDmitry Pretender abulala indodana kaBoris Godunov."

Ngo-1862, uMakovsky waqala ukufuna indlela yakhe kwezobuciko, ngoba ukufundiswa kwakubonakala kunesidingo kuye futhi sekuphelelwe yisikhathi.

Indlela endleleni yobuciko

UKonstantin Makovsky (izithombe, biography yomculi wethulwa esihlokweni sethu) ufuna indlela yakhe, ufuna ukuveza izwe lakhe langaphakathi. Ngo-1863, yena, kanye nabanye abaculi abayishumi nesishiyagalombili abakhethiwe ukuba babambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni weMidari Omkhulu Yegolide we-Academy of Arts, wenqaba ukudweba isithombe esihlokweni esivunywe ngabafundi.

Kwadingeka ahambe esikoleni, futhi uMakovsky akakwazanga ukuthola idiploma yemfundo. Lo mcimbi waziwa ngokuthi "ukuhlubuka kwezinhlamvu ezine". Umbhikisho wukuthi abaculi bafuna ukuthola inkululeko futhi babhale umsebenzi ngesihloko samahhala, kodwa i-Academy ayifuni ukuyohlangana nayo. Eqinisweni, kwaba ukuhlubuka emigodini yezemfundo futhi kwakuyisibonakaliso esikoleni esisha esikhulayo sokuqala, lapho uKonstantin Makovsky azoba nendima evelele.

Ngo-1863, lo mculi ujoyina iqembu lika-I. Kramskoy futhi usebenza enhlobonhlobo evelayo yokudweba kwansuku zonke. Ngo-1870, uMarkvsky waba omunye wabaqashi kanye nabagqugquzeli bezingqondo zokudala iNhlangano Yabaculi Abaselula futhi basebenze okuningi, bachaza izigcawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Wabonisa imisebenzi emibili embukisweni wezemfundo futhi enkampanini neWanderers. Ngama-80s ama-Makovsky waba umbhali odumile kakhulu we-salon portraits nokudweba ngezihloko zomlando. Futhi ngo-1889 wathola iMidali Egolide Enkulu embukisweni wezobuciko eParis for uchungechunge lwemisebenzi.

Into yokushayela i-Makovsky yayiyizigcawu zomlando, impilo yabantu, impilo. Ubhala izingubo kanye nesimo sabalingiswa abanothando nokunemba kwe-ethnographic. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80, lo mdwebi uphenduka ngokuphindaphindiwe ezifundweni zomlando, ubhala izithombe eziningi ezinemininingwane, isibonelo, "idili lomshado we-Boyar ekhulwini le-XVII", ethandwa kakhulu emphakathini nabagxeki. Futhi, badala ama-portraits amaningi abantu abahlukahlukene.

Ifa lokudala likaConstantin Makovsky linemidwebo eyikhulu, phakathi kwazo eziningi zemidwebo ezinkulu (namuhla zihlakazekile eziqoqweni zangasese nezamamyuziyamu emhlabeni jikelele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kweCathhedral of Christ uMsindisi eMoscow.

Umqoqi

UKonstantin Makovsky, okudweba kwakhe manje okwenziwe ngabaqoqi, yena ngokwakhe wayengumqoqo omkhulu. Lesi sithando esasizuza ku-ubaba wakhe, othanda ubuciko obuhlukahlukene nobudala.

Umqondo weqoqo uhlelwe ngumculi ngamazwi: "ubuhle obudala". Elandelwe izihloko zomlando, waqoqa izinto ezihlukahlukene nempahla, izingubo, nakho konke okuheha ukunambitheka okucwengile komculi.

Phakathi nesikhathi somdlandla wakhe wetihloko zezilwane, uMarkvsky uhamba kakhulu emaphandleni aseRussia, ethenga izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke nezingubo zokugqoka. Uhambo oluya eMpumalanga lungeze ekuqoqweni inombolo enkulu yezinto zokuphila zasemaphandleni, amaphepheni, imihlobiso kanye nezingubo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngama-80s ifulethi lomculi lalifana neyamamyuziyamu kunokuhlala komuntu.

Izinto zeqoqo zivame ukukhonza njengesizathu sokwakhiwa kwemidwebo. Ngakho-ke, emkhosini we-Boyar Wedding ku-17th Century, abagxeki bakhomba ukuthi kwenzeka okuncane kakhulu ngemininingwane ngezingubo zomlando kanye nesimo saleso sikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. UMakovsky wayengomunye wabathelisi abakhulu baseRussia, kanti imisebenzi yakhe yaholela ekuqhakambeni ukuqoqa phakathi kwabantu baseBohemian ne-bourgeois.

UKonstantin Yegorovich wayeziqhenya kakhulu ngeqoqo lakhe, wabonisa ngenjabulo futhi wanikeza izinto emibonisweni ehlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokufa komculi, indalana yahlelwa, okwakhiqiza izinto eziyi-1100, ngenxa yalokho umfelokazi wasindisa ngaphezulu kwezingu-ruble eziyizigidi, futhi izinto zahamba eziqoqweni ezizimele kanye nemyuziyamu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ubuqotho bomhlangano bephukile, futhi umsebenzi omude kaKlavsky wachitha.

Imisebenzi engcono kakhulu

UKonstantin Makovsky, izithombe ezinhle kakhulu, i-biography, esanda kuba yinto yokutadisha ubuciko, ishiye ifa elihle. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu yilezi: "Ukufa kuka-Ivan okwethusa", "Umkhosi we-Boyar Morozov", "Abafel 'ukholo baseBulgaria", "I-Minin e-Nizhny Novgorod Fair", "Ukukhethwa Kwamakoti nguTar Alexis Mikhailovich."

Ukuphila kwangasese komculi

UKonstantin Makovsky wahamba kakhulu, wachitha isikhathi esithile eParis, wavakashela e-Afrika izikhathi ezintathu, futhi konke lokhu kwalungisa umsebenzi wakhe, lapho ungathola khona izici ze-modernism ezikhulayo. Ngenxa yemfanelo yakhe yobuciko uMarkvsky wanikezwa uMyalelo weLegion of Honor noSt. Anne.

Umculi washada kathathu. Umfazi wokuqala wabulawa yisifo sofuba, futhi kusukela kwesibili wahlukanisa. Ngokwanele, wayenabantwana abayisishiyagalolunye, phakathi kwabo kukhona abaculi kanye nezibalo zamasiko.

Ngo-Septhemba 30, ngokusho kwesitayela esisha sika-1915, i-tram yashaya indoda - yaqeda uhambo lwakhe uKonstantin Makovsky. Ukuphila nomsebenzi womculi wahlala emlandweni wemidwebo yaseRussia njengekhasi elibalulekile ekubunjweni kweqiniso.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.