UVictor Popkov - Umculi weSoviet: biography, imidwebo. U-Popkov uViktor Efimovich (1932-1974)

U-Victor Popkov ungumculi-umdwebi nomdwebi ocacile, umbhali wemisebenzi yokuqala yamakhono, amaningi awo amelwe kwigalari ye-Tretyakov. Lapho esemncane, ngemva kokuthola impi ehlukumezayo, emidwebo yakhe wadlulisela iqiniso elibukhali nesibindi sangaphakathi, akubona eminyakeni enzima yezwe. Waphoqa ababukeli ukuba bazwele ngamaqhawe abo futhi bawahloniphe, bazwele futhi bababaze.

Ubuntwana

U-Popkov uViktor Efimovich (1932 kuya ku-1974) wazalelwa eMoscow, emndenini wabantu bezilwane. Ubaba nomama, kusukela esemncane abajwayele ukusebenza kanzima, bathuthele kusuka ezindaweni ngezindawo befuna umsebenzi.

UVictor Popkov wayengowesibili emndenini omkhulu wezingane ezine. Izindaba zokufa kukayise empini zafika lapho umdwebi wekusasa eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, kanti umfowabo omncane kunabo bonke wayenezinyanga eziningana ubudala. Umama, ngesicelo somyeni wakhe othandekayo, wazinikela ezinganeni, engalokothi ashade. Kodwa wabeka izingane ngezinyawo, wanika wonke umuntu imfundo efanele.

Umndeni wasePopkovs wawunobungane, kodwa wawumpofu. Abantwana babethanda umama futhi, lapho bebona umsebenzi wakhe onzima, bazama ukulalela kukho konke hhayi ukucasuka. Njengoba bebona ukuthi babumbene ukuhlanganiswa kwegazi okungenakunqotshwa, abantwana bakhula ndawonye cishe ngaphandle kokuxabana nokungavumelani, behlale bekulungele ukusiza futhi banikeze usizo oludingekayo.

Umama, u-Stepanida Ivanovna, wakhuthaza izingane zakhe futhi wazama ukubafundisa ngendlela enhle, kodwa ububele.

Ubuntwana obunjengobuhle obunjengobuhle, bubekwe phezu kwezinhlekelele eziningana (ngaphandle kokufa kukayise nesidingo esihlala njalo).

Ukufa komzalwane omncane, intandokazi kaTolya eyintandokazi, washiya uphawu olungapheli emphefumulweni kaViktor Popkov. Wayengakwazi ngisho nokuya emngcwabeni wengane.

Ukwesabisa okungenakulibaleka okwesibili kwenzeka kancane kancane, lapho u-Vitya ehlaselwa yinkomo futhi wamphonsa emhlabathini. Umfana wakwazi ukuphunyuka sibonge usizo olufika ngesikhathi.

Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izinsizi, uVictor Popkov wakhulela ingane enomusa futhi enobungane, enomusa futhi enenhlalakahle.

Izinyathelo zokuqala endleleni yokudala

Esikoleni umfana wayehlukaniswa ngokuzikhandla okukhethekile nangentshiseko. Kusukela esemncane, waba nesifiso sokwakha ephepheni. UVita wayethanda ukulandela ukubonakaliswa kwesithombe kulabo "abaphangi" (izithombe ezihunyushwe), lapho achitha khona yonke imali yakhe, futhi ubukele umsebenzi womakhelwane wakhe, umculi odwebe amanzi, kodwa igama lakhe, ngeshwa, asazi.

U-Stepanida Ivanovna, owokuqala ukubona ukuthi indodana yakhe ifuna ukusebenzisana nokushayela, waqala ukukhuthaza isifiso somntwana sokudala. Wamthatha waya esikoleni sobuciko futhi wasiza ukungena esikoleni samasonto aseMoscow, wamdumisa ngobuqotho, wamgqugquzela ukuba asebenze ngobuhlakani futhi wanikeza iseluleko esicabangayo.

Futhi umfana wabhala yonke indawo nakho konke. Imidwebo yakhe yokuqala yahlanganisa izihloko ezihlukahlukene nezenzakalo - lezi kwakuyizihlahla, izindlu, nabantu.

Abafundisi bezobuciko bezobuciko baphinde bacabange ngethalenta kumfundi onesipiliyoni futhi bamkhokhela kakhulu. Ngokudweba okufushane kusuka ku-albhamu yomuntu womculi, umculi wokuqala angabonakala ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa ku-studio yobuciko kuye kwazuzisa: imidwebo yama-amateur yashintsha imisebenzi yekhwalithi enenjongo, ikakhulukazi imihlaba namanje impilo.

Ukwakhiwa kokudala

Ngo-1852, uVictor wangena eSurikov Institute e-Faculty of Graphics. Futhi nakuba lokhu kungahambisani nezifiso zaleyo nsizwa (wayefuna ukufunda emnyangweni wokudweba), noma kunjalo lesi simo sezinto sathinteka kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe wokudala. Ulwazi nolwazi olutholakale kulesi sikhundla esibonakalayo luboniswa ngendlela engaphindaphindwa ngayo umdwebi.

Manje uPopkov Viktor Efimovich, owaziwa ngobuciko bakhe nobuciko abuye avuseleleka ngokuvunyelwa esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, uqala ukudala ngamandla. Usebenza ezimweni ezinzima, ezibonakala zingenhle: endaweni encane yokuhlala, lapho ehlala khona nabanye abantu abayisihlanu - umama, nodade osemncane nomfowabo omdala nomkakhe nomntwana. Ukuqina, ubumpofu, ukungondleki yilabo abangabanikazi benkosi.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka ngibhale emgodini ongathandeki, ngezikhumba ezihlukene, nje kuphela ukudla isiqephu sesinkwa ngebhethoni. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuthinte inqubo yokudala. UVictor Popkov wasebenza ngokuzimela, ngokuzethemba, ngokuzethemba, njalo. Ithenda lakhe elihle kakhulu laqaphela cishe masinya, umfundi owaziwa wanikezwa okokuqala, futhi kamuva - uStalin scholarship, eyanikeza cishe imali yezidingo zezihlobo zakhe.

Ukuhamba

Kusukela ngo-1956 uVictor Popkov ubelokhu enza izinyathelo ezindala zokudala emhlabeni wonke, efuna izinto zangempela zomsebenzi kanye nama-angles achazayo. Wavakashela izakhiwo zokukhiqiza ezithandekayo, ezinkulu, waqaphela wonke umsebenzi omkhulu, wabeka iziqephu eziningi ezivamile, okwathi kamuva "zaphazamisa" futhi zakhazimulisa. Ngokungafani nabafundi ababekanye nabo ababefuna izindawo eziqhakazile nezithombe, umculi wokuqala wagxila embonweni wakhe ngezinkulumo zomculo we-prosaic mediocre. Isisebenzi sekhonkritha sithelela amanzi esixazululweni, noma izisebenzi ezimbili ezibhekene nendawo yangasese yamasondo amakhulu.

U-Victor wadala ngamandla, njengokungathi uyesaba ukungabi nesikhathi, ezama ukugcina ephepheni zonke iziqephu zomsebenzi onzima. Umbukiso wabafundi wezingqikithi, owenziwa ngenye yezinyawo eya e- Irkutsk HPP, wawunemisebenzi eminingi enembile yamakhono kaViti Popkov.

Emidwebo yakhe, "isitayela esinzima" siphumelele, siboniswe ngokucacile kwemininingwane, ukubonakaliswa kwezithombe, ukumelela kwe-shades.

Kungenxa yokuhamba ngezindawo ezakhiweni uPikkov Viktor Efimovich wakwazi ukuba ngumculi kazwelonke, ekhombisa izisebenzi zakhe ezijwayelekile, izisebenzi phakathi nesikhundla sakhe esisindayo esikhulu.

"Abakhi be-Power Bratsk Hydro Power Plant"

Ngemuva kokuya ekwakhiweni kwesiteshini samanzi e-Bratsk ngo-1960, kuvele umdwebo ophawulekayo wokuqala othi "Abakhi BaseBratsk". Umculi omncane isikhathi eside ucatshangwa ngazo yonke imininingwane yendwangu - isizinda, umbala, ilungiselelo lezithombe, i-engeli yekhamera.

Akuyona into yokuthi imvelaphi yesithombe ibumnyama, igxile emifanekisweni edwetshiwe, hhayi ezimweni noma ezigamekweni. Ngomculi, kwakuyinto esemqoka ukuletha kahle amaqhawe akho futhi ubonise amandla abo, isibindi, ukuzethemba. Abakhi baseBratsk banothuli, bakhathele ngabantu abasebenza, kodwa bahle ekukhutheni kwabo nangenkani, bevinjelwe amandla.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esimweni sokuqala izisebenzi ezinezithombe ezandleni zazo zikhonjiswe kwendwangu, ngoba iningi labasebenzi esiteshini samanzi saseBratsk babeziboshwa. Kodwa, ngokuqaphela ukuthi kuleli fomu abaphathi abakwazi ukukhipha isithombe embukisweni, uViktor Efimovich ususa ama-tattoos ekamu.

Kusukela lapho, lo mculi uye waba udumo. Wayethandwa abantu, abagxeki bavuma. Futhi uViktor Popkov, odwetshwa yiTransakov Gallery uthenga futhi uhumusha umhleli, uyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle futhi ujabulele umphakathi ngemisebenzi emisha yasekuqaleni, ehlala ngokuthobeka futhi eqinile, cishe engalungile.

Izimbali zokudala

"Isihloko sokusebenza", esiboniswa kwezinye izithombe ezithokozisayo zomculi, akuyona kuphela uPopkov Victor Efimovich okhulunywe ngaso ngesikhathi sokuphefumulelwa kwakhe kokudala.

Ukufaka esikhundleni se "I-Brigade ihlala," "Ibhuloho e-Arkhangelsk" iza izakhiwo zokuziphatha nabantu ezilula. I-Popkov ihlanganisa izitayela ezihlukahlukene zobuciko, izivivinyo nemiphumela yombala. Lezi yiziqephu zomhlaba eziphawulekayo, ezitholakala emigodini ye "Quarrel", "Divorce", "Family of Swamp", "Two".

"Abafelokazi baseMezensky"

Inkazimulo emangalisayo yiletha uPkovkov umjikelezo wakhe "Mezenskiye Vdovy" (ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 - ekuqaleni kwawo-1970), lapho ebonakala khona ngendwangu ngayinye nesimo esibuhlungu besifazane. Umsebenti ngamunye uhlasela ubunikazi bawo obubonakalayo kanye ne-squat picturequeness. Futhi nakuba izithombe "Ukulinda", "Ukuguga", "One" zigcwele ubuhlungu obunzima nokucindezela okucindezelayo, nokho kuyadingeka ukuze isintu sikwazi ukuvusa kuye ubuntu nomusa ekuhluphekeni nasekuhluphekeni kwabesifazane emva kokulwa.

Isihloko sezenzakalo zomlando sithatha indawo ebalulekile emsebenzini womculi. Ukuveza kwakhe "Chekist" kanye ne "Bell in the Door" kwagxeka inkathi yokucindezelwa okungekho emthethweni, futhi "I-Overcoat of the Father" nabanye babonisa ukudabuka okungenakuphikiswa kulabo abangasoze babuya phambili.

Ukufa okubuhlungu

Esebenzisa izingqikithi zomlando nezombongo, uVictor Popkov uqala imidwebo yakhe evelele ethi "Autumn Rain", lapho eveza iPushkin enkulu ngokumelene nesici sokukhala. Sebenza ngendwangu umculi weza emaphethelweni asePushkin.

NgoNovemba 12, ngenkathi ebhizinisini enhloko-dolobha, uVictor Efimovich nabangani bakhe bafika kuVolga emile becela umshayeli ukuba agijime. Kodwa imoto yayiyiqoqo lokuqoqa imali. Ngenxa yokuphanga kwamuva, abalindi abathola umyalo wokushisa uma kwenzeka ingozi bavula umlilo. Lo mculi wabulawa ngokufa.

Emngcwabeni wakhe, eduze nomzimba ongahlali, kwakukhona umdwebo ongapheli "Imvula yase-Autumn."

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

U-Popkov uVictor Efimovich wayeshade naye ekilasini lakhe esikoleni sokucacisa sikaClara - umculi onethalente, umngane wangempela wokuphila. Ngalo, bahamba ngobumpofu kanye nokuhlushwa, bahlala endlini efanayo nomamazala nomkhwezala, basebenza ekamelweni elilodwa, bavusa indodana yabo ndawonye.

U-Klara Ivanovna wayengumuntu oqhakazile futhi onesibindi, wayemthanda ngokuzithandela umyeni wakhe, wamsiza ngenkathi ecindezelekile futhi ecindezelekile, wanikeza iseluleko esiwusizo.

Ngaphandle kwezimfanelo ezinhle kangaka ezingokomoya, lo wesifazane wayenethalente nekhono elikhanyayo. Waba incwadi ethandwa kakhulu yezincwadi zezingane, esebenze nendlu yokushicilela ethi "Kid", wathatha ingxenye ebonakalayo emibonisweni ehlangene nasemhlabeni wonke.