Umdwebo yesonto. Kusukela esiqalweni esikhathini samanje

Njengoba efundiswa oFata beSonto, isonto - akusiyo nje izindonga, lapho amasevisi agcinwe. Ngokusho inkolo, izimpawu kunenjongo. Izingxenye ngazinye esontweni ibalulekile yokukhulekela, futhi zifeza umlayezo, ngokugcwele kwembulwe Umdwebo omkhulu, okuyinto eveza zonke izimfundiso zeSonto. Ithempeli Umdwebo iqukethe khona engabonakali ngaYe, futhi kulapho isithombe liyalingana canons, kulapho kukhona khona, ngokuletha umusa ngokwenezela.

Umdwebo lokuqala

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izithombe amasonto ayehloselwe ukunikeza ulwazi kubantu. Ukudweba ezindongeni zethempeli - ukuqhubeka amafomu lombhishobhi, kufanele hhayi kuphela propovedcheskuyu umgomo, kodwa futhi ukuhlangabezana izici asankondlo nisebenzise iso lengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mdwebo kuveza ushintsho kwezifiso nasekuthuthukeni imicabango yabantu.

Kanjani ukuthuthukisa ubuciko

Kusukela ekupheleni XIV ngekhulu le indzima lesembili ubuciko ethempelini Umdwebo wathatha Muscovy, ephethwe ngaleso sikhathi izwe ukuhlanganisa futhi impi ngoba kokugumbuqelwa kwejoka amaMongol. Lesi sikole, omunye abomdabu kwaba indlela Andrei Rublev, waba elikhulu lo mdwebo.

Igama umdwebi isithonjana exhumene izimbali yobuciko. Le nkathi kwaqondana ekuseni Renaissance e-Italy. Rublev baba ozokwenza okufaneleko ukuze noDiyonisiyu, Umdwebo we sesonto lobu-Orthodox esibonakala by Finesse, ubuhle, ukukhanya Iphalethi elikhanyayo.

Ngemva noDiyonisiyu kungabonwa isifiso sokuba kungekho indaba eyodwa olwakhiwe eyayembuleka ezindongeni lombhishobhi. Ngokuvamile, lokhu Umdwebo ethempelini kuyahluka ukuminyana. Ekuqaleni XVII ekhulwini owasungula Stroganov School, okuyinto eyaba kuyingxenye ebalulekile landscape imidwebo, abonisa ukuhlukahluka nemvelo.

Century ecebile ne izenzakalo ezimangalisayo ezenzeka emlandweni isimo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukisa namasiko wokuziphilisa kunemtselela Umdwebo yesonto. Ngokwesibonelo, umdwebi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwesikhathi Ushakov wabiza ukunemba in the imidwebo. Ubani esihlalweni sobukhosi kaPetru Ngahlehla bezibona wokuziphilisa. Kuvele nomthelela ngisho enkulu kwezobuciko ukushabalala stenopisnogo has a ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa itshe izakhiwo, ngaphandle Petersburg.

Izinyathelo ngivuselele yasezindongeni ethempelini benziwa kuphela nekhulu. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi isithombe waqala afakwe stucco ozimele. Ekupheleni kuka-XIX imidwebo leminyaka ababhishobhi wabusa classicism, esibonakala by isitayela academic lokubhala, kuhlangene alfreynymi futhi imidwebo zokuhlobisa.

imidwebo sezenkolo XIX-XX eminyaka

Ithempeli Umdwebo kwalesi sikhathi ithuthukiswe ngokuhambisana nemithetho Russian modernist isitayela, nesuka eKiev. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba sibone imisebenzi Vasnetsov futhi Vrubel. Izindonga lombhishobhi uVladimir, Vasnetsov ngesineke, izithombe ngokuningiliziwe ekuboniseni ubukhazikhazi Umdwebo kulo lonke leli zwe.

Izingcweti eziningi wazama ukulingisa le ndlela lapho besebenza kwamanye amathempeli. ethempelini Painted kwalesi sikhathi owaba nethonya elikhulu amathekhiniki yezinye izingcweti. Ukuhlolisisa ethempelini Umdwebo esenze sakwazi ukuthola kwalibaleka, sandla ukukhethwa isitayela, izakhiwo ezithile ezifanele.