Ubuciko kanye EzokuzijabulisaIzincwadi

Umlobi leonid Maksimovich Leonov: Biography, izici amaqiniso zokudala futhi ezithakazelisayo

Ngokwesiko lethu ke kuchazwa ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni yakhe - umbhali waseRussia zakudala, owathola ku izincwadi isiqondiso yezenhlalakahle nefilosofi. Lingubani leli qhawe? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. lokusungula lakhe enezici futhi mnogoproblemno. Wabhala isakhiwo somphakathi sezenhlalo, waveza umbono wakhe ngale, ngokucijile ephakanyiswe izinkinga zabantu, "ngezansi", wathinta ngisho amaphrojekthi kumnandi, ezifana "umnkantsha abantu".

Biography emfushane Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. komlobi ebuntwaneni

Wazalwa leonid Maximovich Leonov kufika ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX - Meyi 19, 1899. Umlobi waphila isikhathi eside, washona ngo-August 8, 1994 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-95. Leonov wembelwa Novodevichy Amathuna.

Ebuntwaneni leonid eqhutshwe eMoscow. Uyise - Maxim Leonov (ngeshwa) kwaba imbongi kanye self-wafundisa, ilungu "Surikov" umbuthano zomculo etemibhalo. Ingabe yena ungowokuzalwa sifundazwe Kaluga, isigodi Polukhino.

Maxim Leonovich wadala ukushicilela endlini yakhe eMoscow. Izinto zazihamba kahle, wavula isitolo sakhe futhi kwaba Isigwili kakhulu. Ezikhathini imperial izikhathi Maxim Goremyka 17 futi esakaza izincwadi kwesokunxele futhi ngagcina badingiselwa Arkhangelsk, lapho esezinzile. Washona ngo-1929. Umndeni wakhe, washiya eMoscow, futhi leonid Maksimovic wakhulela ezingenaye ubaba. umeluleki wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela umkhulu Leon Leonovich Leonov. Nguye owafaka uthando umfana okungokomoya futhi lasendulo. Eminyakeni eyishumi wathola iziqu leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya idolobha esikoleni. Wabhalisela ukufunda e-yesithathu sokuzivocavoca eMoscow.

Arkhangelsk

Nakuba kulesi sikole, Leonov waya eholidini kuyisezala Arkhangelsk, lapho eseneminyaka wephephandaba "Northern ekuseni." Ngo-1915 kwafika ukushicilelwa amavesi okuqala Leonov leonid Maksimovic. Futhi uyise wamsiza ukushicilela ezihlukahlukene eseyi, ubuciko kanye yaseshashalazini ukubuyekezwa. Base bengahlulile ukuze uyise akazange babe namahloni amasampuli of the esibayeni sendodana yakhe. kwavela Ngakho nakho umbhali wokuqala. izinkondlo zakhe kuqala umlobi othile akubiza ngokuthi "original isampula amazwi, silungisa olunezintambo, 'babengabafokazi kakhulu imitative.

Phakathi izifundo zakhe sokuzivocavoca leonid Maksimovich Leonov wabhala indaba "Valin unodoli", kanye inganekwane "Inkosi futhi Athos." Leonov kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1918 nge nayo lendondo yesiliva futhi ngokushesha waya Ekulu kuyise. Kukhona umbhali abasha abasebenza ezincwadini 'ngosuku North "," Northern ekuseni. " Kukhona futhi ziboshelwe ukwazana lokuqala ne "izimbongi yasenyakatho '- Shergin umbhali, umculi Pisahova. Basiza ukuvula ezweni le nsizwa isiko Russian, isithonjana Russ amaqhawe, isetshenzwe bemvelo intombi.

Isevisi ku iRed Army

Ngo leonid wafunda isikhathi esifushane University of eMoscow, zonke izinhlelo zakhe waphula kulwiwa. Biography yomlobi omkhulu leonid Leonov liqukethe idatha insizwa 1920, ngokuzithandela bajoyine iRed Army futhi wakhonza Southern Front. Ukuqeqeshwa lwenzeka ngesikhathi wezikhali School, nengxenye izimpi, kwaba umlobeli othile ngezihluthu, wasebenza izincwadi ezempi. Waba ongunobhala "Red Warrior" edition. -alias Military Leonov - Maxim Laptev, Lapot. Yena demobilized ngo-1921 futhi baqale bebhalela sina.

ekubeni umbhali

Emuva e Moscow, leonid Maksimovich Leonov efanele wahlanganyela icala lombhali. Imisebenzi yakhe waqale wancoma Maxim Gorky, ngubani wagcizelela ithalenta umbhali abasha, futhi wabikezela ikusasa kakhulu kuye. Abanye baphawula emisebenzini Leonova ubudlelwane nge Dostoevsky isitayela kwi Gorky kuphendula ukuthi Leonov emisebenzini akudingeki labo "ukukhala abalimele," kuphawula Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, ogama izinkondlo zishicilelwe ebusheni bakhe, phathelana sina wahlanganyela temibhalo yephrozi. indaba yakhe "Buryga" esanyatheliswa ngo-1922, iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha eshicilelwe ngo-1923, kwalandela inoveli "Ukuphela indoda encane" futhi "Petushihinsky ukwa."

Le noveli "Badgers", 'Sela ndini "

Ngenxa noveli "Badgers" (1924), umlobi leonid Leonov Maksimovic ukuthi kuyancomeka njengoba umlobi abasha. Umsebenzi sanikezelwa ukuvukela abalimi, ngubani ayemelene uhulumeni wamaSoviet ngasekuqaleni 20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Umsuka umbhali ongumlimi ukuvukela oboné hhayi kuphela izindlela zokucindezela wokubusa amandla, ngokweqile isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona-ukwabiwa uhlelo, kodwa futhi ubutha komlando kubantukazana kuye izakhamizi ezisemadolobheni. Umhawu phansi wokuba inhlekelele, okuyinto ithelela yokuzondwa izinkumbi zabantu.

Izithombe zabantu, mina ngidalile namaqiniso, izinhlamvu bachazwa ngobuciko ukubaluleka ngokwengqondo nefilosofi. Esikhathini inoveli, umlobi wazizwa ekhululekile uzwela abantu abasebenza, ngubani embozwe singenamandla ngaphambi izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni kwabo.

Encwadini yakhe ethi "The Isela" (1927) leonid Maksimovich Leonov sesishilo kakade njengoba connoisseur izifundo womuntu. Ngaphambi ukuthi lo muntu akazange achazwe emisebenzini yalezi bengazilawulela khona isigcino, i- "Isela" utjela umfundi ngekusasa edabukisayo Mitya Vekshina. kusho owayengukhomishana, uye washelela a felon, lapha emelela usizi sonke isizwe, drama umphefumulo nonembeza. Esikhathini sethu, singakwazi hlola umkhiqizo ungokoqobo, manje siyazi ukuthi kuyingozi amandla, okuyinto eya "sabasebenzi lumpen" wawa kusukela phezulu yayo. "Isela" yembulwa ngaleso sikhathi zonke ins kanye nasemigwaqweni of arbiters engathandeki yesikhathi.

Imisebenzi yama-30

Le noveli "Sot" (1930) yaba umkhiqizo wokuqala weSoviet, lapho okhazinyulisiwe zabasebenzi ubuqhawe abantu baseSoviet, babubatshazwa ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye ukuguqulwa abayizithulu emadolobheni asemaphethelweni izikhungo yezimboni. Inoveli "Skutarevsky" futhi "Road kuya Ocean" siboniswa cwaningo kwezobuciko kanzima kabusha imibono yezwe nezazi ubudala, abaye yanquma iqhaza ukukhishwa umonakalo. Lapha-ke uvezwa isigaba umzabalazo abukhali ukule ndawo. "Road kuya Ocean" uchaza isiphetho lamaKhomanisi - umhleli, isazi sefilosofi, umholi onika bonke yena ngenxa ekwakheni nobukhomanisi.

idrama

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30 nasekuqaleni 40-yalolucwaningo Leonov isisebenza njengoba umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini. kudlala yakhe bayindlala kakhulu. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "The Wolf", "Gardens Polovchanskie" (1938), "Abantu Abavamile" (1941).

A amazwi ambalwa ngifuna ukusho mayelana play "isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa". It unendima ekhethekile Leonova umsebenzi kuthintwa amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila somlobi. Kulesi umsebenzi umbhali ukusungulwa the umoya wokwesaba nokungathembani ukuthi kubambile lizwe kule 30s. Kubi isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa snowstorm zonakale konke endleleni yayo uyaphila, bangakwazi ukuziphatha ngendlela. Izinhlobo ezivamile Amaqhawe sikhathi ashintshiwe angaphezu ukuqashelwa, abavela kwamanye amazwe amelelwe iqhawe omuhle, nomfowabo, umqondisi KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - ezingezinhle.

Ekuqaleni, play setha yemidlalo yesifundazwe. Kodwa ke wawuvinjelwe futhi babekwa icala lokuphula "njengoba klevetnichestvo ezinonya ngokoqobo waseSoviet." Leonov kakhulu wagxeka ku Politburo, umlobi wesaba ukuthi uzoboshwa. Avuselelwa umkhiqizo kuphela 1962.

Impi. Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Phakathi nempi, leonid Maximovich waxoshelwa nabanye abalobi e Chistopol. Ngokuphindaphindiwe njengoba imibiko eya phambili. Wayesebenza ku "Izindaba" futhi "iqiniso." Imisebenzi yakhe "Invasion" bese "Lenushka" (1942-1943 GG.), Kubonakala ft wabantu ekulweni wobushiqela, ilusizi ukulahlekelwa kanye ukuhlulwa, isibindi kanye ubuqhawe. "Invasion" waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: yonke imali, futhi kwaba ama-ruble ayizigidi 100, Leonov esandleni Defense Fund. Ngoba yikuphi wathola ukunconywa ebhaliwe evela uStalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, Biography iDemo okwethulwa kulesi iphepha, wayeyindoda ovelele ngesikhathi sakhe. Kukhona kwembuleka kuphela ingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe. Ngemva kwempi waqhubeka ukubhala, ukukhulisa izimpikiswano ngosuku. Akesabi ukukhuluma ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, we kulaks, bayizitha zabantu, kuzo zonke umuntu wayezama ukuthola ebunikazini, uzama ukufinyelela iqiniso. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi yemisebenzi yakhe yashicilelwa, abanye baze ezivinjelwe lapha eSoviet Union. Kodwa umbhali ngandlela-thile fated awuzange ujeziselwa lokusungula kwakhe ngesibindi, ngisho kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukhishwa imiklomelo ehlukahlukene kahulumeni, kwaba umuntu ethandwa futhi owaziwa kumbuthano lezihlakaniphi.

Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu "Pyramid" eshicilelwe umbhali sidle ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wayesenza umsebenzi kule ngxenye iminyaka 45. It Leonov asonga wonke izincwadi ongokoqobo kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inzuzo kuhlanganiswe kanye eqanjiwe, juxtaposed ne kungenzeka kungenzeki, futhi wafingqa zonke ikhono lakhe lokusungula.

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