Umsuka kwabantu isinyathelo anthropogenes

Origins kwaBantu nemiSebenzi izigaba eyinhloko anthropogenesis sekuke kwaba isihloko impikiswano amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Phakathi zonke izinkolelo-mbono elilingene ngokwezimboni imisuka womuntu enengqondo kunazo zonke futhi iningi athuthukile ngesikhathi wanamhlanje imfundiso kaDarwin, esesikhundleni "overbuilt" amaqiniso amasha kanye izinsolo.

Akusiyo imfihlo, futhi inike futhi Darwin ukuthi izigaba sokuqala anthropogenesis izici zokwakheka babambe iqhaza empilweni yomuntu, ukwakha imikhuba yakhe, isimo sengqondo izwe. Esikhathini esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu baqala ukuthola izici zezenhlalo, ngakho izigaba eyinhloko anthropogenesis ayikwazi iyunifomu kubhekwe futhi elinesimo ingxenye okwesikhashana. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba - izinguquko qualitative.

Anthropogenesis esiteji kwadingeka yabo amabutho ukushayela, okuyinto emabangeni kokuqala, njengoba sishilo, kwaba vanguard esemazweni begazi, bese nomphakathi. Ngakho, ukuze izici zokwakheka zihlanganisa: wokulwela ukuphila, ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, kuguquka izinqubo, kokuhlukana combinative, drift zofuzo, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, isakhi sofuzo ukugeleza, amagagasi labantu. I social izici yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zihlanganisa zabasebenzi, indlela yokuxhumana nabantu wokuphila, inkulumo abakhuluma kahle.

Kunezigaba ezintathu oyinhloko anthropogenesis:

1. Kunabantu abaningi basendulo (archanthropines). Archanthropines kwakukhona abangaba yisigidi edlule. Ngaphandle archanthropines babe ezingefani ngempela nalezo ukuthi umuntu wesimanje, kodwa kwahluka enamandla brow lwaleli, kwesilevu silibangise enkangala, ebunzini ongaphakeme futhi isicaba, amehlo aphumele ngaphandle entanyeni. ivolumu Brain wayevela anamakhulu asixhenxe ukuba ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amahlanu cubic amasentimitha, futhi oyiyo laliyisidala ezingaphezu kuka amafomu kamuva. Archanthropines wahlanganyela ukuzingela, wahlala emihumeni esetshenziswa umlilo.
2. Kunabantu abaningi basendulo (Paleoanthropes). Kwakukhona mayelana amabili namashumi eyinkulungwane edlule. Ngaphandle Paleoanthropes babe cishe izici ezifanayo njengoba archanthropines Nokho, ivolumu ubuchopho lenyuka cishe kabili, baba ezicutshini esithuthuke kabanzana. Ngo paleanthropic kwazanywa lamukele inkulumo. Uma siqhathanisa ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba jikelele kanye archanthropines paleanthropic, lona wamuva kuba nezici zabo ezingokomzimba kakhulu bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi.
3. abantu yesimanje (neanthropines). Sibe ukukhula okusezingeni eliphezulu, kukhuphuke ubuchopho ukuphakama kwezwi, ushintshe ukuma amathambo skull. Ukwenza ukuzingela nokubuthanela ayikwazanga ukuxhumana nomunye imisindo lasekuqaleni. Bazakhela endlini, wadala kule migede imidwebo lokuqala bakwazi thunga izingubo.

Laba bobabili izigaba yokuqala anthropogenesis waba ehola ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, ngoba wenza kwenzeka ukuba abantu ukusinda nge uhlamvu obuqinile nabanye. Enkundleni neanthropine Abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa umlilo, ukwakha izindlu yokufakelwa, ukwenza izingubo lasekuqaleni. Ngenxa kugucuka enjalo kwencika zesintu esimweni sangaphandle kakhulu kwehle. Ngokulandelayo, babe ehola izici zezenhlalo, okuyinto bathola isivinini more and more. Inqubekela phambili isintu imithetho khona kwezenhlalo waqala ukudlala indima yokuhola isiqondiso. Qualitatively esiteji entsha anthropogenesis - umehluko oyinhloko phakathi nokuthuthuka komuntu. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zinguquko ziye zaholela ukuvela yobuhlanga - ungubani indawo enkulu yezinhlanga, yolimi, kwezomnotho kanye namasiko abantu eliye lakhula ngokuhamba izenzakalo ezingokomlando. Izinga eliphakeme - isizwe - umphakathi ozinzile zabantu, okuyinto has ukuthuthukiswa jikelele kwezomnotho, indawo, ulimi, izici ngokwengqondo, okuyinto azibonakalisa impucuko ukuphila kwabantu.

Izigaba anthropogenesis umuntu - kungcono indlela eside elukhuni ekubeni ukucabanga komuntu, kokuba amakhono okuhlalisana, ezingeni lelisetulu izenzo psycho-ngokomzwelo. Njengamanje, hhayi yonke imibuzo anthropogenesis wafunda, abaningi babo bangabantu iphazili ongayithola.