Umthetho 242 on the Protection of Personal Data. UMthetho Federal 242 (uMthetho idatha yomuntu siqu): Ushintsho kanye nokuphawula

IRussia umthetho ehlukile, owawuthi izinhlangano ezehlukene kanye abantu ngokomzimba kumele afeze ukuhlinzwa nge idatha yomuntu siqu - inombolo uMthetho 152. Ngo isenzo zomthetho ezifanele ngezikhathi lesishaya uchibiyela. Ikakhulukazi, September 1, 2015 Waqala ukusebenza iziqondiso zoMthetho Federal № 242, ngemuva kokushicilelwa zazo kunombolo uMthetho Federal 152, eziningi neziqondiso ngokuyinhloko entsha. Yiziphi? Ubani ubophekile ukuba lelisu Izinhlinzeko ezifanele umthetho?

Uyini uMthetho idatha yomuntu siqu?

It is ikakhulukazi ukugxila leli phuzu eliyisisekelo: umthetho 242-FZ, okuyinto sacala kusebenta mhlaka 1 Septhemba 2015, kuyisenzo normative, okuyinto uchitshiyelwe nezinye, umthombo eyisisekelo umthetho - Federal Law № 152, esenziwa ngo-July 2006. Ngakho, ulimi oluqukethwe umthetho № 242 kufanele kubhekwe kuphela umongo imithetho equkethwe FZ № 152.

Inqubomgomo ebalulekile isenzo zomthetho - inombolo uMthetho Federal 152, elisungulwe Russian umthetho lezo zigaba zomthetho, njenge:

- idatha yomuntu siqu;

- opharetha ulwazi olufanele;

- ukusebenza kwedatha yomuntu siqu.

Ngaphansi isigaba sokuqala lesishaya zomthetho sinquma ukuqonda noma yiluphi ulwazi ohlobana ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile womuntu ngamunye. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, igama lakhe, imininingwane siqu futhi ulwazi lokuxhumana.

Ngaphansi yesibili zomthetho umthetho libhekisela esimweni noma kamasipala igunya, inhlangano noma umuntu ngokuzimela noma ukusebenzisana nezinye abadlali ukwenza inqubo idatha ukucubungula, futhi ukunquma Ukwakheka kwabo kanye nokusebenza nabo.

Ngaphansi isigaba zomthetho lwesithathu sinquma lesishaya eqonda noma iyiphi ukusebenza noma ukulandelana kubo, okuyinto zihlobene ulwazi lomuntu siqu futhi kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa isicelo ezishintshayo izindlela noma ngaphandle kwabo.

imisebenzi Basic nge idatha yomuntu siqu njengoba kuchazwe inombolo umthetho 152: iqoqo, ukuqopha, isitoreji, ukubuyekeza, ukusetshenziswa, ukudluliswa, ukuvimbela, ukususwa. Lezi zigaba zomthetho, isimiso, ngesikhathi wokutholwa ingathiwa kahle entsha esimisweni somthetho we Russian Federation. Ngaphambi inguquko kwedatha yomuntu siqu kulawulwa umthetho Russian kunalokho ezingabalulekile.

Novelty FZ № 152

UMthetho ku Personal Data, esenziwa ngo-Russia, wabizwa kanjalo alethe isimiso somthetho ezifuywayo namazinga omhlaba ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bokwaziswa exchange - ngokuyinhloko emelelwa ngekhompuyutha bese kusetshenziswa njengengxenye zokuxhumana nge-Internet. Kodwa FZ № 152 ngokulinganayo esungulwe nakutemtsetfo nokuvikela idatha ahlukahlukene off-line.

Ngokwe-zokulawula isenzo zomthetho eziningana amakilasi idatha yomuntu siqu selitholakele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ezithile esidingekayo Ukuvikelwa algorithm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMthetho Federal № 152 izindinganiso ngokuhambisana okuyinto ezihlukahlukene idatha revolution angase kwenziwe ezikhethekile zezokwazisa - labo ezidinga abaphathi ikakhulukazi onekhono namalayisense ukuba ukuqhuba imisebenzi nge idatha yomuntu siqu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibalo uMthetho Federal 152 eyakhishwa ngo-2006, ngo-umkhuba, wo hlinzeka eyinhloko siqu idatha opharetha sadingeka ukusebenzisa kuphela kusuka 1 Julayi 2011. Njengoba umthombo efanele komthetho, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka benze ukulungisa ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, lezo eziye kugunyazwe uhulumeni ngoMthetho 242-FZ. Cabangela izici zayo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izici isicelo salo Mthetho zomthetho

UMthetho Federal 242-FZ "Ngo Idatha yomuntu" (noma kunalokho, "Ngakolunye izichibiyelo izenzo ngokuya idatha intuthuko") asungula isikhundla, owawuthi opharetha babé ubophekile ukucubungula kanye nokugcina idatha kuphela kumaseva ukuthi zitholakala ensimini ka-Russia . Noma uma kuvaliwe-line idatha yomuntu siqu - ukuze uzibeke yolwazi ukuthi zitholakala Russian Federation. Qaphela ukuthi inombolo FZ-242 umthetho onqunyiwe okuhlukile mayelana wathi imithetho - okuyinto yena, kubonakala ngesikhathi izikhundla FZ № 152.

Esinye imininingwane yomthetho itholakala lokuthi ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa isishayamthetho yayo futhi senza ushintsho hhayi kuphela isenzo eziyisisekelo zomthetho olawula ukusebenza kwedatha yomuntu siqu, kodwa futhi ukuba kweminye imithombo. Okungukuthi, emthethweni 149 "On ulwazi", kanye 249 ( "On ukuvikelwa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye osomabhizinisi ngamanye ngesikhathi isimo nokulawula kamasipala").

Abezindaba Russian iye ziphindaphindwe ulwazi Roskomnadzor - ejensi wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi opharetha la malungiselelo FZ-242 "Ngo Personal Data Protection" ngo-2016 siyofeza ukuhlolwa kwe-abahlinzeki elikhulu IT-izixazululo, okuyinto bafeze imisebenzi ku Russian Federation. Ikakhulukazi, kwakuthiwa injongo Roskomnadzor - Thola uma kwemibandela yomthetho brand njenge-Microsoft, «Vkontakte», HeadHunter, LaModa. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi ejensi wenza ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 1. Amasheke abahlukahlukene.

Iqalwa likahulumeni ngokusebenzisa ukushicilelwa zoMthetho Federal № 242-FZ izinguquko kwedatha yomuntu siqu eMthethweni Basic kungenzeka kusengaphambili isidingo opharetha elikhulu izinga abalulekile hardware ne-software. Nokho, kumele le nkinga ixazululwe brand, ngaphandle okungathobeli nezidingo ingqalasizinda esetshenziswa umthetho okukhulunywa ngakho, Roskomnadzor kungenzeka inhlawulo inkampani.

A indima enkulu ukuhlolwa kufanele ukudlala ezihlukahlukene abasebenzisi IT-izixazululo. Uma baqala usola ukuthi idatha yabo abavikelwe ngokugcwele, ulwazi mayelana isevisi, okuyinto waziphatha imisebenzi ngedatha olufanele angadluliselwa ngqo abasebenzisi Roskomnadzor. Yikuphi, kwakuzokwenza ukuba iqale inkonzo yokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomthetho 242-FZ.

Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi yini ecatshangwa kwenkululeko umthombo umthetho.

inombolo Umthetho 242: kwenkululeko umthombo umthetho

The main ingxoxo iphuzu kulokhu - ukuthi, ngabe ethile ye-Federal Law # 242 "Ngo Personal Data Protection" ku amafemu babezizwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sihlinzeke izinhlelo kubasebenzisi Russian, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zitholakala ngaphandle Russian Federation njengoba iphuzu lomthetho umbono, futhi ngokuya ingqalasizinda ohilelekile.

amalungiselelo athile lo mthetho ukuthi ngabe nangokunembile kunqunywa isimo sendawo wesenzo, lesishayamthetho akayithandanga. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole impendulo yalo mbuzo, kumelwe ubheke omunye umthetho.

Ngakho, ngokuhambisana nomthetho kulwazi ekhona Russian Federation, ukusetshenziswa indawo of Russia ka izinhlobo ezahlukene kwezindlela zokuxhumana kufanele acabangele izimiso evunywe umthetho RF. Ngakho, uma silandela lesi yakhona, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi uMthetho Federal № 242-FZ ubabonisa Nokho kuphela lawo masevisi ehilela ngokucacile ingqalasizinda ukuthi itholakala e-Russia.

Icacisa umsebenzi siqu idatha opharetha eRussia

Umbandela ezibaluleke kakhulu sokunquma yomthetho kubhekwa umthombo komthetho - imisebenzi brand orientation, ukufuya elilodwa noma kwenye isevisi. Uma isayithi ethile ngokuyinhloko elikhuthaza abasebenzisi isiRashiya, kufanele kubhekwe njengoba kuncike kumthethonqubo kusukela umbono kwesicelo inombolo umthetho 242. Simi Iqiniso lokuthi isevisi kuhloswe ukuthola idatha yomuntu siqu izakhamuzi Russian Federation ingasungulwa esekelwe yokuthi:

- kule nokwakheka amakheli website usebenzisa domain .ru, .su, .rf noma, isibonelo, .moskva;

- okuqukethwe kwesayithi senziwa ngesiRashiya;

- emakhasini portal kukhona khona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba singene ubuhlobo service ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo izinkontileka ngomumo ngokuhambisana Civil Code.

Ekusebenteni, laba basebenzi, ewa engaphansi kwe inombolo uMthetho Federal 242, kungaba izakhiwo ezahlukene kakhulu - isibonelo, izinkampani izisebenzi amasevisi, amabhange, shayela-izikhungo. Zonke aphezulu balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa yemisebenzi yabo nezidingo umthetho okukhulunywa ngakho.

Mthetho № 242 ngokuya isicelo yayo retroactive

Nokho, uMthetho № 242-FZ ku Izichibiyelo inombolo uMthetho Federal 152 wakhishwa umhla empeleni uvele inombolo FZ 152, kanye izichibiyelo odlule kukho, okwaholela ukuvela isidingo incazelo eyengeziwe zoMthetho isenzo eziyisisekelo zomthetho. Ikakhulukazi, kube nephutha ingxoxo mayelana nokuthi ukucabangela inombolo umthetho 242 njengoba kokuba umphumela retroactive imvelo zomthetho.

Ngaphezulu nje iphuzu ethandwa umbono, owawuthi ekuhloleni ububanzi wezomthetho isenzo zomthetho okufanele azisebenzise ngayo izimiso obscheyuridicheskie owawuthi ukunikeza umphumela retroactive kwaleyo mithetho, okuyinto okwenza isimo sibe sibi isimo kwabantu abathile, noma bazithobisa imisebenzi eyengeziwe eyenziwa akuyikuwela .

Ukuxolela tingentiwa maqondana iziqondiso ezingokomthetho lapho isimiso retroactive eqoshiwe ngqo. Umthetho 242-FZ amalungiselelo anjalo ayiqukethe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ihambisane isibopho yayo kuphela kubahlanganyeli ubudlelwane zomthetho, okuyinto isiqala ukucubungula idatha yomuntu siqu emva ukungena isenzo zomthetho elihambisana force. Okungukuthi, kusukela 1 Septhemba 2015.

Isifinyezo iqoqo idatha

Enye ingxoxo iphuzu, esibonisa isenzo zomthetho ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa - kwencazelo "iqoqo idatha" ngesisekelo nomqondo ulimi abanazo. Uyini yinkimbinkimbi ukutolika kuleli cala? Iqiniso lokuthi, ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko inombolo uMthetho Federal 152, ukuthi enziwe ngokusebenzisa ukushicilelwa zoMthetho Federal № 242-FZ ku izinguquko idatha yomuntu siqu, opharetha aphoqelelwe ukuhlinzeka amafayela kwasendaweni nje iqoqo efanayo ulwazi olufanele. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngokuyisisekelo le nqubo akuyona ecacile Umlayo Yiqiniso, ungakuvumeli ukuba ngendlela eyiyo wo hlinzeka eziningi izingqikithi.

Phakathi izazi labetibambile buka, owawuthi a "iqoqo 'abathambekele ukuqonda inqubo lapho isilawuli idatha uthola nabo ngokuqondile ezinye inhlangano amandla noma zangaphandle. It kuvela ukuthi isebenze ngokuhambisana uMthetho Federal 242 kufanele kube yilabo kuphela idatha yomuntu siqu ukuthi ziye zitholwa opharetha eqinisweni umsebenzi wabo ugxile ukuqoqwa idatha efanele. Futhi uma, isibonelo, opharetha bawamukele ngengozi - njengenye indlela, ngesimo incwadi nge e-mail, ukuthola, njengoba kushiwo ngumthetho 242-FZ, idatha yomuntu siqu into ozikhethela wena. Ngokufanayo yalahla kubhekwa njengekhambi elingaba usizo inqubo iqoqo idatha ukuzithola ngomunye ngokuqinile komunye, uma izinombolo zocingo kanye nezinye yokuxhumana abamele enkampani.

Idatha ukubekwa phesheya ngenani umthetho 242

Into elandelayo ezibalulekile ephawula umkhuba komthetho mayelana nokuqaliswa zoMthetho inombolo umthetho 242 - kungenzeka ukubeka lezi opharetha phesheya lapho kudingekile - isibonelo, uma kuziwa usisekela ulwazi olufanele kumaseva yaqashiswa kusuka nabathengisi bakwamanye amazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mthetho № 242-FZ kwedatha yomuntu siqu kumele itholakale kwi-server ukuthi zitholakala kwi insimu yase Russia. Ngakolunye Yiqiniso, kungase kube nesidingo sabo inhloso yokuhlala futhi ngezisetshenziswa angaphandle.

Njengoba abameli, ukudluliswa cross-border idatha ngaphandle kwephula kwemibandela yomthetho elawula, isimiso, kungenzeka. Ngesisekelo nezinhlinzeko zanoma yimuphi umthetho naleso sikhundla angabhekwa esisemthethweni?

Lapho ukudluliswa cross-border kusemthethweni

Iqiniso lokuthi umthetho ku idatha yomuntu siqu kwasendaweni 242-FZ akubandakanyi umphako izinguquko ukuze izenzo zomthetho olawula ukudluliselwa cross-border amafayela equkethe ulwazi umuntu kwi izakhamuzi Russian Federation nezinye izinhlangano zingena ngaphansi lokuvikelwa ukuthi № 152-FZ. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo kusemthethweni, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho izichibiyelo ucabangela umthetho kwavunyelwana.

Kodwa waphinda zisuse izingqondo zethu - cross-border ukuthumela idatha kungenziwa kuphela kwenziwe ukuze isipele amafayela efanele. Okokuqala, ngakho kumelwe ibekwe kumaseva eRussia. Kulokhu, isilawuli idatha uyoba nomthwalo ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kwamanye abantu noma amafayela kumaseva angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kudingeke ukuba qondanisa izinhlelo zabo ulwazi kanye nezimfuneko eziqanjwe neziqondiso isimo umthetho ensimini ka okuyinto iseva ahlala kulo.

Izinhlawulo for ukwephula inombolo umthetho 242

Ngakho, safunda ukuthi lokho lesishaya ukwenze ngokusebenzisa Ukukhishwa izinguquko uMthetho 242-FZ nesibalo uMthetho Federal 152. kuzoba usizo ukucabangela lokho, lokho unswinyo ungakwazi ukubhekana nalezi opharetha abephula izinhlinzeko zoMthetho umthombo efanele komthetho.

Okokuqala, inkampani, okuyinto ubophekile ukuba athobele nezidingo inombolo umthetho 242, i isigwebo zokuphatha nalokuvalelwa. Inani lawo ruble 500-1000 izikhulu, kanye izikhathi 10 inani elikhulu - for nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Lokhu iqoqo esihle Art. 13,11 kweKhodi Administrative.

Okwesibili, singasebenza ukwamukelwa ezifana ukwethulwa idatha opharetha abaphuli lokubhalisa. Kuyinto semininingwane computer ihlanganisa amagama domain nama-URL zezindawo lapho idatha yomuntu siqu okwenziwa abanokukhubazeka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufakwa opharetha kwirejista okuhambisanayo Kwenziwa isinqumo senkantolo. Ukwehluka - emva yokukhansela yayo noma phezu nokuqedwa ukwephula umthetho kule nkampani.

Okwesithathu, kungase kube nokufinyelela okunomkhawulo isayithi, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa handling ayilungile kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Le nqubo wenziwa emva kuncike idatha ku Roskomnadzor ithumela nesitatimende isidingo ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuze uvimbele umthombo abafanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le dokhumenti kumelwe futhi kuzosungulwa isenzo zokwahlulela, okuyothi Waqala ukusebenza. Ngemva kwalokho Roskomnadzor kuthumela ulwazi mayelana nokwephulwa yomnikazi isayithi inombolo umthetho 242 ukusingathwa umhlinzeki, futhi, uma umnikazi we umthombo ngeke ukuqeda ukuhlukumeza, ivimbela isayithi.

Inqubo isicelo lwezijeziso ngokumelene mthetho amalungiselelo ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa isenzo zomthetho kuxhomeke kakhulu nokuqiniseka. Opharetha kwedatha yomuntu siqu kunengqondo ukulitadisha njalo, kanye, isibonelo, futhi ezihlukahlukene izifundo kohlaziyo yomthetho № 242-FZ, ehlaziya zomthetho. Ngokulandela imithetho inombolo uMthetho Federal 152, ikhumbula izichibiyelo olufanele ke - isimo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni efanele zolwazi.