Umthetho womphakathi international: ekuhlaziyeni umkhakha wezomthetho

Njenganoma iyiphi umkhakha, umthetho wamazwe yomphakathi kudlala indima ebalulekile ukulawulwa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Kodwa ngokungafani "yangaphakathi", uhlelo yomthetho okuhloswe ngaso olawula izindaba ngamazwe.

Umqondo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yomphakathi.

Jurists elichaza noma igatsha komthetho ngemibandela ezintathu eziyinhloko: indlela futhi isihloko imigomo, kanye iqoqo imithetho ngesisekelo lapho izici ezimbili zokuqala bazimisele.

Ngaphansi isihloko amalungelo phambili nokufaka umkhakha wezolimo mbuzo usho ubudlelwano obusemthethweni ayimisa phakathi kwamazwe, abantu nezizwe komshikashika lokuzibusa, izinkampani zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ezilawulwa. Kulo mbuthano lwezindaba luxazululwe is wanciphisa ngokuqinile kubekiwe izivumelwano izinkinga zamazwe omhlaba ukuthi uhambe ngalé ulwazi lokwenza umsebenzi kanye Nendawo ka ezweni elithile.

umthetho womphakathi ngamazwe has a ndlela zokuqondisisa ubudlelwane ezikhonzini embonini - kubaluleka. Wachaza iqiniso lokuthi amaqembu ikontraga njalo ukuxoxa kuphela lezo zinkinga lapho isinqumo akukwazi esikabili. Isibonelo okuphawuleka-Kyoto Protocol ngo-1998, ngokusekelwe kumaphi amazwe sezisungule izindinganiso simiso semvelo insindiso, ngibopha kuwo wonke amazwe ukuthi kukhona amaqembu EMhlanganweni kanye Protocol.

umthetho womphakathi ngamazwe libhekene ezimbili izinhlobo imithetho umthetho, lapho ikakhulukazi kungaba ukulawulwa izinkinga zaleli legatsha komthetho: izivumelwano futhi okungezona nezivumelwano. I izivumelwano ngokwesiko zihlanganisa imithetho eziye fixed kwezivumelwano leyahlukahlukene ukuthi babe jikelele (UN Charter), lendawo (iSivumelwano SaseMaastricht 1992) noma zamazwe amabili (sivumelwano nokubambisana). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imikhuba non-nezivumelwano ethulwa eziye kwavela futhi asetshenziswa umkhuba ukuziphatha amazwe nomunye. Njengomthetho, umthetho izivumelwano kuyakuba esibophezelayo amaqembu kuphela uma sekudlule kuciniswa ngokuhambisana nomthetho kanye / noma i-oda uMthethosisekelo. amazinga ezijwayelekile kufanele bathi non-esibophezelayo. Nokho, muva nje kube khona inqubo ukulungisa ebhaliwe futhi samukelwa.

Ngokusekelwe izici, ukucacisa:

umthetho womphakathi international - inhlangano imithetho ezivamile yenkontileka elawula nezindaba kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izizwe zilwe ukuze lokuzibusa, futhi izinhlangano ezilawulwa futhi iyabopha zonke izinhlangothi waqinisekisa semthethweni zabo ngendlela ebekiwe ngumthetho.

umthetho zomphakathi kanye nezizimele International: iphuzu kwehlukana.

Njengoba emthethweni yasekhaya, ubunjalo ngamazwe yezihloko ezahlukene ubudlelwane kulawulwa izikhungo zomthetho ekhethekile. Bona tente yomphakathi namazwe omhlaba umthetho wangasese (ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa MPP). Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kokubili umkhakha alawule eziphathelene iqhaza abamele amazwe ehlukene, umehluko phakathi kwabo kakhulu.

Okokuqala, lo mqondo komthetho womphakathi ngamazwe kukhawulela kuloluhla lwelinanincane yabo: isimo, izinhlangano ezilawulwa, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye isizwe, komshikashika lokuzibusa. Ngokungafani ngenhla, MPP wenabisa uhlu kubahlanganyeli ubudlelwane yangasese-umthetho, abantu abanjalo kanye / noma izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe.

Okwesibili, kwimisebenzi ehlukile, futhi kuncike kumthethonqubo. MPP ihlose alawule izinkinga umthetho wangasese. Ngokuphambene, umthetho wamazwe zomphakathi kuhloswe nemidanti zokuphatha, umphakathi, nemvelo.

Okwesithathu, indlela ehlukile wesi zomthetho. Kuphoqelekile isiqondiso isici ikakhulukazi ngoba ezindaweni zomphakathi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba. MPP, kunalokho, inikeza izikhonzi zawo ukuziphatha okuthile futhi ivumela abahlanganyeli ukhethe ezifanele kakhulu isimo sakho.

Okwesine, zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele amalungu isinyathelo SPE, ezimweni eziningi, asethwe ngumtsetfo wemave emhlaba yomphakathi, ngaphandle nje kwemibhoshongo ezingokomthetho. Futhi yingakho abanye jurists ngokuvamile bayakhishwa kusukela kwencazelo "umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yomphakathi" Isici "umphakathi", ebhekise civil kwesigaba umthetho omphakathi ngamazwe.