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UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy Biography of uyise Russian umbhali elikhulu

Man ophethe indawo ekhethekile empilweni edumile umbhali Russian Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, ungubaba wakhe - Bala UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy. Wazalwa emuva 1794, ngesikhathi lapho ngokushesha waseRussia ekuthuthukiseni isayensi and Art, futhi isimo umphakathi ubuswa sentimentalism.

Bala Umkhaya N. I. Tolstogo

Ubaba Nikolaya Ilicha Tolstogo - Ilya Andreyevich UTolstoy - wazalwa ngo-1757, sekudlule kwahulumeni lemikhumbi yempi, wabe libhaliswe Life Guards kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa Nicholas izibulo esikhundleni, elalizokwakhiwa e elisezingeni uBrigadier.

Ngokusho umzukulu wakhe wathi Ilya Andreyevich Wayemnene futhi Umuntu ophanayo, kodwa "motovatym kuhlangahlangene". He is ngokungenamkhawulo emadilini, amabhola kanye sokudla, ngokuletha yimali wafa engashiyanga umndeni ezikweletini. Pelageya Nikolaevna, ugogo Lva Tolstogo, eyaduma ayengowesifazane umsebenzi wezempi Gorchakovs ubudala, wayengowesifazane lemfundo kancane baphanga.

Wazalelwa 26 Juni, 1794 Nicholas ingane kuqala emkhayeni wawo. Ngemva kwakhe kwafika indodakazi, khona-ke umzalwane, Lowo okuzala ngezinhlungu zokubeletha ukuhlukumezeka hhayi ukuphila ngokuvumelana iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, futhi enye intombazane.

Konke kwahamba njengenjwayelo

Ngo zisencane, futhi kwaba iminyaka 6 ubudala, uNicholas wamiswa kwahulumeni. Njengoba iminyaka engu-16, bekatsatsa elisezingeni leposi. Ngezinye 17, wangena inkonzo yezempi futhi bahlanganyela ezempi ngaphandle kwezwe. Ngo-1824, olingana colonel, umhlalaphansi.

Ngenxa ukungakhathali kayise, ezimweni zomnotho straitened kakhulu Kwatholakala ukuba Bala UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy. Umlando wakhe has a ukuqhubeka ezinhle njengoba sashada ngo-1822 uMaria Nikolayevna Volkonsky, wakwazi ukwakha umkhaya ojabulayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngcono isimo sabo sezimali.

Yayingasiphethe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi intsha noma ubuhle, kodwa kwamiswa kahle, nesizotha zinengqondo futhi zizwakala. Ngesikhathi nangomshado wakhe UNikolai UTolstoy, abazali bakhe akasaphili, futhi udade Owafayo ebuntwaneni. Volkonskaia ukufunda okuningi, kudlalwa umculo wayazi izilimi ezine angaphandle.

Princess Maria ngofuzo ifa Yasnaya Polyana, umndeni UTolstoy wawuhlala kude, kodwa ngiyajabula ngokuphila kwethu. Iminyaka 8 bona wazala amadodana amane lendodakazi eyodwa. Leo wayeyindodana enguthumbu. Futhi ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe, unina ngokuthi igama Maria Nikolaevna Tolstaya wafa.

Life emva kokushona komkayo

Ngemva kokufa komkayo, Nikolai Ilyich UTolstoy wahlala nezingane e Yasnaya Polyana. Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya, UTolstoy iza sabo esikude, yena waba waziphatha emfundweni yezingane zakhe ezinhlanu. UNikolai Ilyich baqhubeka ukuba siphile ukuphila wodwa kanjani, uma ngihamba ekhaya kuphela uma kunesidingo ukuxazulula amacala ayehilela izikweletu kayise, noma uya nabangani ukuzingela. A esiningi wayehumusha izingane, izindaba kwezomnotho kanye izincwadi ukufunda.

Ngo-July 1937, ngenkathi ibhizinisi Tula, wafa ngokuzumayo. "Igazi Strike", ngokusho kodokotela, kwaba isizathu sokuba wafa UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy. Umlando Omfushane uyise Russian umbhali omkhulu kule ukuphela, kodwa inkumbulo kuye iminyaka eminingi ezigcinwe inhliziyo Lva Tolstogo futhi ubonakala eminye yemisebenzi yakhe.

portrait ngokwengqondo

UNikolai UTolstoy, ngokuvumelana indodana yakhe encane, wayeyindoda ehloniphekile "singalokothi ubani ongazazisi ukubathobisa." isimilo saKhe besihambisana nesiminyaminya ngezilokotho ngokukhethekile abanye. Wayesebenza kahle umqondo omkhulu namahlaya, wayithanda olushaqisayo oluhloselwe ukuhlekisa abanye izindaba yamahlaya.

ekumeni Ukuphumelela kungabonwa, yayibukeka njengesikhonyane UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy - izithombe ngaleso sikhathi siyindlala. Ngo zasebuntwaneni UTolstoy sika kayise sihleli eyakhiwe kahle indoda ohlale ajabule, kodwa ngamehlo adangele.

Isiphetho izingane

Indodana endala Nicholas sifana kakhulu unina isizotha sakhe nobuhlakani. Ngemva kokuphothula eMoscow, bese Kazan University, yena wajoyina impi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wathuthela eningizimu yeFrance, lapho ebulawa isifo sofuba ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele yobudala lapho uyise eshona.

Sergei UTolstoy yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela ubuhle ongavamile, kusitsho ikhono ukuhalalisa isayensi kuka bayahlonishwa UTolstoy sika. Thanda umfowabo omdala, ephothula Kazan State University, ubelokhu yimpumelelo emkhakheni lempi. Kodwa waphila Esegugile, ukufuya umndeni.

Dmitriy Nikolaevich UTolstoy wabulawa ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokufinyelela eminyakeni ewu-30. Wayeyindoda of ethulile futhi ibe nobuhlakani. Wathweswa iziqu Kazan University, kodwa wayengasaboni ukungenela ezempi. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko unina Maria Nikolaevna waqeqeshwa Kazan yokuqedela esikoleni. Ngiye ngaphila iminyaka engaphezu 80 iminyaka. Wazala izingane 4 kuya unkosikazi olusemthethweni, futhi ngemva kokuhlukanisa kusukela kuye - indodakazi umyeni civil. The last 20-lingalingani iminyaka wayehlale yesigodlo, kusale nenkumbulo enhle.

UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy eyayingalindelwe ukuthi wazala umbhali omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, Lev Tolstoy akazanga ikuphi ukunxanela for Isayensi babhalisele ukufunda e-University of Kazan, ngokungafani abafowabo kabaze ayiqede. Waya eCaucasus, ephumelela emkhakheni ezempi kanye parallel ubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala.

Uhlale nomkakhe Sofya engu-17 ngaleso Yasnaya Polyana, wazala izingane 13. Earl wasebenza kudivayisi Izikole, eyakhululwa ukuqeqeshwa namabhukwana. Ukuba phakathi namashumi eminyaka angemva bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe uyise ka izincwadi Russian, ulahlekelwa zonke isithakazelo kule nsimu, nikela impilo yakhe yonke nokufuna zenkolo.

"Ukukhuluphala," "Impi Nokuthula", "Anna Karenina" baba ukuziqhenya izincwadi Russian. Uma UNikolai Ilyich UTolstoy waphila ngesikhathi lapho indodana yakhe uye waphumelela, wayeyokwazi ukuthi uyini omkhulu negalelo lakhe ekuthuthukiseni etemibhalo yezwe.

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