Usuku Akhtyrka Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Akhtyrskaya laseTheotokos: incazelo, isithombe

Phakathi ezihlukahlukene imifanekiso the Virgin oNgcwele, ngakho liyahlonishwa emhlabeni wonke Orthodox, kukhona omunye lithwala ubuntu ngokujulile. It Akhtyrka Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kubonakala Virgin Mary nge izingalo eligoqiwe, sengathi egxilile umthandazo lusizi phambi kwendodana yakhe, uJesu Kristu, ogama sibalo esiphambanweni esiphambanweni, ibekwe ngakwesokunxele ngakho. Lesi sithombe ukhunjulwa ngabaningi abamukele ngokusebenzisa ukuphulukisa ngokuyisimangaliso izifo zabo.

Ukuthola ngendlela emangalisayo

Kodwa ngaphambi sikhuluma ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani kubo bonke abakholwa iNdodana kaNkulunkulu futhi Lakhe Elingcwele sikaNina, kufanele ukwenaba indaba ngithola yakhe, owenzeka ngo-July 1739. Kwathi edolobheni elincane Romney, eduze laseKharkov. Namuhla kule nsimu kungokwalabo Sumy esifundeni. Ngaleyo minyaka, ekupheleni wokubusa Anny Ioannovny, wayehlala edolobheni uBaba umpristi ehloniphekayo Basil (Danilov). Wakhonza ngesikhathi iBandla lendawo umkhulumeli.

Inganekwane ethile ukuthi wake wathenga scythe entsha, futhi abafuna ukuyizama, wafika wangena esikhundleni sakhe. Kwaba ngoJulayi, futhi utshani wema ubude. Kodwa ngemva kwalokho ubaba Basil jika njengoba it pholisha Ekukhanyeni okuphuphuthekisayo ivela emahlozini aminyene sedge. Nokuvala amehlo wakhe, umpristi wathi ukugoba kancane futhi wabona isithonjana elimangalisayo, Ukubengezela yayo kungaphezu imisebe yelanga. Umfundisi zenzisa wawela emadolweni kaJesu futhi wathandaza, embozwe ngiyibona ezijulile ezingokwenkolo.

Kwaba Akhtyrskaya isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, isithombe uvezwa ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Kancane ukuza yena futhi wehlisa umoya, umpristi osindayo phansi ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kuhlonishwe enkulu, eyenziwa wakhe endlini, wamnika indawo ekhethekile udumo phakathi kwezinye imifanekiso. Njengoba siqaphela ukuthi iwine shrine enkulu, uBaba Basil ekuqaleni olusithekile prying yokuthola ethandaza phambi yedwa.

Lo mkhuba UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Ngakho-ke eqhubekile, kodwa kanye kwaba nombono. Wayelethwa ahlonishwe ukubona kakhulu 'indlovukazi yamazulu', ngubani emyala ukuba ukusula isithonjana kusuka uthuli futhi ageze ngamanzi emfuleni. Ukuvuka ebuthongweni, into yokuqala ubaba wagcwalisa konke Our Lady ayefisa. Ngaphambi wayesaba uthinte ebusweni umfanekiso saint, bekholelwa wayezibheka lokhu udumo. Manje useneminyaka engu-ngokuzimisela okukhulu ususe konke uthuli zanqwabelana ke, wageza, futhi, ucabangela lokhu ahlambalazayo ibhece amanzi emhlabathini, nganquma siyifake isitsha efanayo emuva emfuleni.

Kodwa akukho Ngesikhathi inani labantu ababebuka umpristi aphume endlini njengoba Kwabuye kwaba khona izwi elihle kakhulu likaNkulunkulu, ubaba babezwile ephusheni khumbula for a lifetime. Indlovukazi yamazulu ', kulokhu yamyala ukuba ugcine amanzi njengoba yena engahashazanga wakhe ubuso okumsulwa kakhulu, egcwele umusa webutho uyakwazi ephulukisa izifo. Ngingabazi ukungabaza kancane iqiniso kwala mazwi Our Lady, umpristi Ngalelohola bazithela indodakazi yakhe abahlushwa imfiva manzi aphume ngokuyisimangaliso, futhi isimangaliso nakanjani yenzeke - ngokushesha intombazana walulama.

Isimanga wabonakaliswa iconographer John

Yiqiniso, zonke kwenzeka uBaba Basil egcwele hlonipho nakakhulu kubo ayitholile engcwele. Kodwa isikhathi esingakanani ukuba uyigcine, yebo, ayikwazanga le ukuthola imfihlo, futhi ukwazi kuqala, nendlu yakhe, khona-ke omakhelwane, bese umuzi wonke. Ukunakekela isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso, umpristi abamenyiwe isithonjana umdwebi ngegama likaJohane komunye ibhulashi yayo enkulu ukulungiswa ungqimba olunothile, ukusisusa wabonakala ngesikhathi umonakalo.

Umdwebi, owayeneminyaka uyaliqaphela ithonya ayisimangaliso, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wageza ngamanzi waphuzisa indodana yakhe, owayehlushwa imfiva. Akubuzwa ukuthi isifo okwamanje elifanayo nesokana elaphuma kwabo, loyise ujabule adunyiswe isihe Virgin Elingcwele, wabonisa ukuthi Akhtyrka Isithonjana Umama! Usukulungele ukuqala umsebenzi manje, uJohane uye kakade yathathwa ibhulashi, kungazelelwe lapho kwakukhona izwi Queen waseZulwini. Ngaphambi kokuzwa inkosi ikuzwa amazwi akhe: "Shiya izinhlelo zethu. Hhayi okusemandleni akho ukuba ukushintsha isithonjana. Letha-ke esikhundleni. "

Falling emadolweni, ukunyakaziswa wezwa, umculi wachitha ngomthandazo ubusuku bonke futhi ekuseni eyenziwa kuyisezala Basil ngilahlekile. Umfundisi zenzisa wakuthola ngokwami ayisekho Unelungelo ngayo isipho Virgin Ubusisiwe, sengidlulile ngaphezulu ngakho kusukela osukwini isithonjana watholakala iminyaka emithathu. Wabeka ke ngoNgcwele Virgin Ukuvikelwa Church, okuyinto yayiba umpristi iminyaka eminingi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi abantu Romney, enikela imithandazo yabo ngokuyisimangaliso, ukuphulukisa etholwe, eyayibhalwe ngokunembile encwadini ekhethekile. Ngokushesha Akhtyrskaya ukubonga UnguNina KaNkulunkulu laba impahla yabantwana lonke lelo zwe futhi isakazwe izixuku ezinkulu zabakhulekeli.

Ukubikezela Baroness von Veydel

Umcimbi kuphawuleka ukuthi wenze uphawu abadumile eNkantolo Imperial, okwenzeka ngo-1748. Omunye eseduze wabusa ngesikhathi iNdlovukazi Elizabeth - Baroness von Veydel - wavakashela Romney, lapho ifa ocebile. Iminyaka isihambile, wahlupheka yobuthaka eziningi eyinqaba yobudala bakhe. Ukufunda mayelana izakhiwo emangalisayo Akhtyrka Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, State lady wathandaza ngobuqotho phambi kwakhe, embuza ukukhulumela phambi kweNdodana ithenda.

Ebusuku ephinda waba nombono Virgin Ubusisiwe, wembula ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe, futhi emva kwesikhashana enendawo ukungena Amasango Ingunaphakade. Ukuze uthole injabulo umbuso kaNkulunkulu, kuyakushiswa ngokushesha ukusabalalisa zonke izinto zami kwabampofu. Mayelana amadodakazi amabili, enye ababe sincike kuye, Virgin wathembisa ukukhombisa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isikhathi esiyigugu, Baroness waqala ukukhishwa imiyalo Virgin Ubusisiwe. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, wathuthela ezweni likaJehova, ukuyeka konke anakho esikhathini sakhe. Ngemva komngcwabo, iNdlovukazi wathatha amantombazane amabili eziyizintandane dolobha maduze uthole ngabelusi zabo - abantu abacebile ehloniphekile ngokujulile. Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo Akhtyrskaya laseTheotokos liphakathi edume kakhulu eRussia, futhi ngo-1751 isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto yanquma ukufunda njengendlela ngokuyisimangaliso.

Ukwakhiwa esontweni kwetshe Akhtyrka

Ngesikhathi, uhlu imifanekiso uvele ibandla St Nicholas lomkhuba wokuthi kwaba phezu Arbat futhi ngo-1931 labhujiswa. Kusobala ukuthi lena kwakungeyona nje Akhtyrskaya laseTheotokos ngo eMoscow. Ngo ithempeli, ngaphandle isihloko, mina bakhuleka lokhu Muscovites isithombe - Kunzima ukusho.

Empress Elizaveta Petrovna kwahluka ukuzishaya ngokujulile, futhi 1768 banikela isizumbulu semali ukuze kwakhiwe itshe Akhtyrka Pokrovsky Cathedral ukubuya babukhona nakwa leyo minyaka, ngokhuni. autocrat Russian wafisa ukuthi yayakhiwe kakhulu endaweni lapho iminyaka engaba ngu-edlule, kwakuthiwa ngokuyisimangaliso ngesikhathi Akhtyrka Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu.

Elizabeth wayala kwenziwe, ne umsebenzi wokwakha sethempeli ethunywe wezakhiwo abavelele D. Ukhtomsky, immortalized igama lakhe yobuciko eminingi yezakhiwo of Russia. Esikhathini esanda esakhiwe ethempelini umfanekiso wahlala kwaze kwaba ngo-1903. Kukhona futhi njalo ophethe amasevisi Akhtyrka Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu.

Ukuthunjwa Kwezingane Isithonjana futhi ukuthumela it phesheya

isiphetho sakhe okwalandela Kwakuthé engaqondakali, ke kuyadabukisa. Ngo-1903 isithonjana wamuka ukubuyiselwa inhlokodolobha enyakatho, lapho ngokushesha yanyamalala unomphela. Kunzima ukuba singaphethi kuleli cala, ngokongamela kaNkulunkulu, cishe, kuba umbuzo lokweba banal. Ngemva kwesikhashana isithonjana uvele Harbin, okwakubekelwa zithengiswa futhi uthenge ezithile Mr S. A. Stepanovym. Kuyaziwa ukuthi archpriest wendawo UNikolai Trufanov, behlola isithombe ngokucophelela, wafakaza ukuthi esifuze bangempela oNgcwele Ukuvikelwa Church Akhtyrka.

Ngaphambi kuka-1950, isithonjana kwaba eChina, bese indodana ngayo umniniso wasekuqaleni alethwe lokuqala eNingizimu Melika, futhi kamuva - e-San Francisco, lapho yanikela inhlangano Orthodox kwentsha. Futhi namhlanje isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso namanje phesheya. Ngo laseSoviet Union iminyaka eminingi kungenzeki lutho okwakwaziwa isiphetho imifanekiso, futhi kuphela ngo-1975 uvele ulwazi lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ukuze uthole okungenani uhlu oluvumelekile kuwo.

Kuphela obhekwe izinguquko yeningi Kharkiv Metropolitan UNikodima wayengufundisi enganeli ikhophi eside elindelwe ngiwunike zibekwe Pokrovsky Cathedral Akhtyrka, lapho yokuqala uma bema. Lo mcimbi Kuye kwaphawulwa udwendwe onesizotha, eyaqala phambi kwesixuku esikhulu. Ngakho isiko ibuyiselwe eyaqala kudala njengoba 1844. A-June 15, 1999 sagubha iminyaka engu-260th sesipho isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso. Enkonzweni sethempeli kwakuzwakala tropar Akhtyrka Isithonjana Umama likaNkulunkulu nomkhuleko Virgin Ubusisiwe.

Art izici imifanekiso

Kuyadingeka ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana iconography yesithombe. Akungabazeki ukuthi Kusekelwe imisebenzi yobuciko Italian-Greek. Njengomthetho, sibalo Virgin uvezwa ezandleni sawela ngomthandazo, kodwa kukhona abanye ukuba ahlukumeze, lapho isandla isikhundla sishintsha. Kuyefana nasendleleni egqoke umnqwazo iNcasakazi eCwebileyo. Ngezinye izikhathi wayephuma uvezwa ngesimo isembatho, ngezinye izikhathi umqhele, futhi abanye imifanekiso nalabangekho. Isici ukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngombono oqondile sokuqanjwa, kunokuba reverse, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngaphezulu izikole Italian nesiGreki. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi uMsindisi ukuthola kakhulu ngaphansana Umama yayo ukuthi kudala inkohliso remoteness.

Ngo-1945, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa okubizwa ngokuthi Ravensbryuksky isithombe, eyayisekelwe ku-Akhtyrka Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Incazelo imifanekiso emibili zifana kakhulu, ngaphandle ukuthi uKristu kuqala ebethelwe uvezwa uhlobo usana noma ingane. Indaba ezithakazelisayo futhi udale isithombe. Ngokokuqala ngqá senziwa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngo-1945, ngo-inqubo efekethisiwe. Igama lakhe livela ekamu laseRavensbrück okuhlushwa, lapho omunye iziboshwa zesifazane yadalwa - Martyr Mother Mary.

Amathempeli, elibonisa uhlu imifanekiso

Ikakhulukazi ethandwa unikezwa isithombe ephulukisa izakhiwo, esesikhundleni ngokugcwele Ahtyrsky laseTheotokos. E-Moscow, umkhawulo eyinhloko Nethempeli Uvuko phezu Arbat, kugcinwa uhlu Tikhulu kakhulu, wenza ekhulwini XVIII ne kakhulu isithonjana okungukuthi eMelika namuhla. Futhi e Samara, lamathempeli Lonely Nicholas Monastery, umuntu angabona ikhophi yesithombe ngokuyisimangaliso, wakhazinyuliswa izimangaliso eziningi, lo mkhuba imithandazo pilgrim. Usuku Akhtyrka Isithonjana Umama banquma ukugubha 2 (15) ka-July, lapho umhlaba wonke Orthodox igubha isimo ingubo fair laseTheotokos at Blachernae.

Temple e orel

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva shrine ohlonishwayo enjalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezakhiwa ngayingcwelisa amasonto ezaziwayo. Phakathi namuhla ekhona yiyona ngokubabazekayo kakhulu orel. Yakhiwa 1775 kwi iminikelo ka yomthengisi wendawo K. S. Pastuhova. Iqiniso liwukuthi usuku olulodwa lo muntu zenzisa owayehlushwa ezinye izifo kanti ezindabeni zabo commercial e Romney, waphulukiswa isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso.

Lapho ngibuyela ekhaya, waphendukela iziphathimandla Diocesan ukuba amvumele ukwazisa ukumakhela yokudumisa ezintweni ezingcwele, ukweleta impilo yakhe. Ukulungiswa etholwe futhi ngokushesha Akhtyrskaya ithempeli ngokuthi Our Lady of (Eagle) wathola ibandla lokuqala. Njengoba inkazimulo imifanekiso sekukhule kakhulu, ama-pilgrim ezingasho bezokhulekela wakhe. Isikhala akwanele, futhi ithempeli lakhiwa futhi lanwetshwa izikhathi eziningana eminyakeni eyalandela. Manje kuba isakhiwo esihle kakhulu, ngokufanelekile waba omunye ezikhangayo leli dolobha.

Isigodlo, eyasungulwa ngo-behlonipha isithonjana ongcwele

Ngaphandle kwalabo sekushiwo, siye lwakhiwe ngayingcwelisa amathempeli amaningi ngaphezulu behlonipha isithonjana enjalo ohlonishwayo lesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, u-anti wami othandekayo, edumile imbongi Russian F. I. Tyutcheva eyakhelwe 1805 kwi izindlela ibandla edolobhaneni Chernetove Bryansk esifundeni. Esikhathini Volgograd esifundeni, edolobhaneni endaweni Gusevka Olkhovskoye kuyinto Akhtyrka Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu Sezindela. Lokhu sezindela yasungulwa ngo 1874, imisebenzi umpristi wendawo, uBaba John (abangamaLevi) kanye Athos unkom 'idlayodwa uNikodemu (Dvoychenkova). Ukuba ngasinda izinxushunxushu eziningi XX leminyaka, Isigodlo futhi namuhla livulekele labo abafisa unikele ukuphila kwakhe kuya ekulondolozeni imiphefumulo.

Yini futhi kusiza isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso futhi lokho basamukela ukubuza Blessed Virgin Mary? Amandla akhe nomusa wabonisa ephulukisa imfiva, kodwa kamuva kwaba khona eningi ubufakazi ukuthi kuyasiza ezihlukahlukene ezimweni. Ngokwesibonelo, umthandazo Akhtyrka Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu zabantwana bakwa iyindlela okuthembekile nokuzivikela ezifweni futhi emathonyeni amabi, kuyingozi kangaka esikhathini sethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phambi ethandaza we umshado ojabulisayo lamadodakazi. Ngamunye manifest isimangaliso ezikhulayo udumo kwalesi sithombe. Phindaphinda nohlu ayesenze naye. Futhi ubani owazi, mhlawumbe ngelinye ilanga baphindele evela phesheya futhi zombhalo, ngakho ngokuyisimangaliso-wathola iminyaka engamakhulu amabili ayisikhombisa nesithupha edlule.