Uyini izinga lokusebenza yenjini udizili?

Ngaphambi uthole ukuthi yini kufanele kube izinga lokushisa ezisebenza yenjini udizili noma yimuphi omunye nemingcele elilungile kufanele zifunde ukuthi ziyini isimo sawo futhi imodi wokusebenza.

Izici yenjini udizili

Lolu hlobo injini yasungulwa ngo-1824 ngu-physics isiFulentshi babecabanga ukuthi ngokushintsha ngevolumu umzimba, kungase ukufuthelana, okusho ukukhiqiza ukusikwa okusheshayo.

I ngokoqobo lo mbono kutholakala kuphela iminyaka engu-70. Kulapho udizili kuqala wadedelwa. isimiso sayo ukusebenza simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kukhona ukuthungela okuzenzakalelayo fuel injected, okuyinto baxhumana emoyeni enqubeni kokucindezelwa.

Injini udizili kuyinto olubanzi izicelo, ezisukela izimoto / imishini yezolimo kanye nesiphetfo nezempi (amathangi, umkhumbi zasolwandle).

Emihle nemibi injini diesel

Njengazo zonke izinjini, diesel enezinto eziningi zombili emihle nemibi. Izinzuzo main:

• Okokuqala, diesel kungadla iyiphi uqedwe, kanjalo kukho ungenzi nezimfuneko sina.
• Okwesibili, aba maningi isisindo kanye lokuhlushwa ama-athomu carbon, kulapho Ukushisa ukubaluleka amandla injini kahle.
• Okwesithathu, izimoto kanye diesel kubhekeleke kangcono ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu torque engu amagugu ngesivinini aphansi. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi ezemidlalo ngezimoto fast uncamela kukho udizili.
• Okwesine, okuqukethwe carbon dioxide qeda lingaphansi kunalokhu uphethiloli wafana.
• Okwesihlanu, injini diesel kuyinto ukonga ngaphezulu ngoba izindleko diesel ingaphansi yezindleko zikaphethiloli.

Naphezu kwezithiyo ezinjalo i uhlu umxhwele izinzuzo injini diesel enezinto eziningi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki:

• Okokuqala, izindleko injini diesel ngenhla yezindleko zikaphethiloli, kusukela ngenxa okuvela phakathi nesikhathi ukusebenza ephezulu mechanical izingxenye amandla kufanele kube izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi isikhathi eside.
• Okwesibili, amandla uphethiloli izinjini namandla ngaphezu udizili.
• Okwesithathu, ematfuba ukuqina ebusika ka diesel ezingaphezu kuka uphethiloli.
• Okwesine, ukusebenza kwe-injini diesel kufanele ilalele kakhulu futhi ngokucophelela, ngoba uma ungenawo uyinakekele, kufanele afeze umsebenzi wokulungisa, luzodla imali eningi.

amandla omlilo isigaba

Umsebenzi Engine inqubo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine. Okokuqala - ujova ingxube ezivuthayo ekamelweni omlilo lapho ingcindezi kuphezulu.

Okwesibili - le ngxube uqala okhela ushise. Ingxenye yesithathu - kumiswa amaconsi ingelashwa okuxubile, abese ibe umusi. On 4 isigaba - evuthayo fuel izinsalela ukuze kukhawulwe ukungcola kuzo. Lapha kuboniswa yokushodelwa umoya, kungenxa nenqwaba fuel wokushiswa ezingxenyeni odlule.

motor imingcele, ezisebenza ngo-diesel

abanikazi abaningi imoto kubuzwa lo mbuzo, lokho lokushisa zokusebenza injini diesel kufanele kube. Kodwa ukuze sithole izimpendulo ke, kufanele akhokhe ezinye ukunakekela nemingcele main ezithinta injini ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukusebenza motor inombolo imijikelezo, okungukuthi, zikhona ezimbili futhi ezine-unhlangothi.

Amandla iyunithi lincike torque. Amazinga okusebenza injini diesel kunqunywa degree of kokucindezelwa ingxube negesi-fuel, ukuze izinga lokushisa ngqo wakhona kokucindezelwa. Ngakho, ngokwandisa isilinganiso kokucindezelwa kuzokhulisa ngakhoke lokushisa kuzokhulisa ukushuba inqubo, ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi umsebenzi ephumelela kunazo wenziwa nge amandla omlilo iyunifomu ingxube nophethiloli.

Kuvele ipharamitha kubalulekile ekuzuzeni okungcono ukusebenza kungenzeka iyona izinga lokusebenza. Ukusebenza udizili lokushisa kufanele kugcinwe esekelwe design nenjongo injini. Leli qiniso sinquma ukuthi izinga lokushisa evamile.

Operating lokushisa "Volkswagen"

Uyini izinga lokusebenza yenjini udizili "Volkswagen"? abanikazi eziningi zalezi zimoto ecacisiwe nalenkinga. Njengoba yaziwa, ngamunye brand, imoto imodeli kuye ngohlobo motor has yokusebenza lokushisa lalo.

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza yenjini udizili "VW" ungaphakathi uhla 90-100 degrees Celsius. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi iphaneli sensimbi ikhombisa izinga lokushisa ophakeme kunalowo ngempela ukhona. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile umuntu imoto "Volkswagen". Kodwa musa ukusheshe ukushintsha hardware, kufanele uqale uxhumane sesevisi iyohlolwa lobuchwepheshe nasekumiseni imbangela ukungasebenzi.

Amazinga ezisebenza we "Mercedes"

Amazinga okusebenza injini diesel, "Mercedes" kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile izimo imoto yokusebenza. Bese uthayipha ka-thermostat. Futhi kuye ngokuthi esifundeni yokuhlala, kungakhathaliseki eSiberia noma ngaphezulu ezindaweni aseningizimu, lo thermostat is kushintshwe lokushisa elikhulu.

I evamile yokusebenza lokushisa injini diesel "Mercedes" kungaba isukela degrees 80 kuya ku-100. On izinjini ezinamandla 220 amahhashi ukunikeza thermostat at 75-78 degrees Celsius. Ukuze ezindaweni ezibandayo, kunalokho, futhi kufika 97 degrees.

Operating lokushisa "Opel"

Amazinga okusebenza injini diesel "Opel" ngoba lokho ucindezelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi idlule evamile uphawu Inkomba amaphuzu amaningana. Ngokuvamile kuba emhlabeni 104-111 degrees Celsius.

Imoto "Opel" enikeziwe ohlelweni ukupholisa. Lapho edlula mkhawulo we izinga lokusebenza ifakiwe fan ukuthi epholisa injini ngokushesha ku-inani eliphansi.

Operating lokushisa Kamaz

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abanikazi noma uzokuba umbuzo lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza yenjini udizili KamAZ. Impendulo yalo mbuzo inkathi 95-98 degrees Celsius.

Ngalesi lokushisa uphethiloli uyaphakama ngokuphelele, abakhethiwe kakhulu nokusulwa kwamukelekile motor. Uma izinga lokushisa lokusebenza liphansi kakhulu, kwakungase kabi ukusebenza injini.

Amafutha injini diesel

Umsebenzi oyinhloko amafutha nezinye zokugcoba e motor kuveza ukwehla okuphawulekayo ukungqubuzana phakathi izingxenye, okhulisa impilo yabo yenkonzo. Kukhethwa igrisi lincike ohlotsheni injini kanye nemigomo yakhe. Amazinga zokusebenza amafutha injini diesel incike kokupholisayo injini. Umehluko 10-15 degrees Celsius. Umbundu engenhla lokushisa kwawo okuvamile - 105 degrees.

Ngaphezu okushisa uwoyela ukukhulisa umsebenzi ewusizo injini kumelwe ayale ukuba nemingcele elilungile: viscosity futhi Lubrication. Viscosity kufanele esekelwe izimo zezulu, izinga lokushisa emoyeni. Kusukela ngo-ekukhetheni okubi lamafutha nge viscosity lungafanelekile zingaphazamisa injini nezingxenye zayo. Ukumanzisa has izinhlobo ezimbili: Umkhawulo, gidrodinamichnoe. Lubrication Boundary kusho ukuthi samafutha angcolile esuswa izingxenye injini, futhi kulethwa isabelo esisha. Ingcindezi wukuthi amafutha njalo kuvuselelwe, indawo yezihlanganisi izingxenye. Ngo onobuhle yakamuva kakhulu izinjini esetshenzisiwe lubricating samuntu kuqala.

Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa ezisebenza

Ukwanda ecijile yokusebenza lokushisa injini ingase idale umonakalo enkulu kunemicebo lokushisa enganele. Kulokhu, izingxenye injini sebeqala ukuthi asebenze hydrodynamic Lubrication mode, okuyinto kwehlisa viscosity yamafutha. Khona-ke amafutha hhayi ihlanganisa ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye, okuyinto kuholela okwengeziwe ukuze umonakalo ka motor indlela. Amafutha izibalo beyoba evamile, sibonga dozalivam njalo. Endabeni ka okweqile yenjini kwasekuqaleni bengena labhidlika izindlu kanye amabombo, kodwa futha kuyinto evamile. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa iyafana izinkinga ezazibangelwa Lubrication ingafaneleki.

Ukuqala ka-diesel ezimweni zasebusika

Cishe bonke abantu bazi ukuthi wena kudingeka zishise ngaphambi ukushayela injini yemoto yakho. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ebusika isikhawu. Uma kunjalo, cabanga ngaleli inqubo ukufudumala ngokuningiliziwe, sibona lokhu okulandelayo: Kwekucala nje, uqale ashisise pistons, bese kuphela block isilinda. Uma uqala ukushayela nge injini abandayo, amafutha kokuba ukungaguquguquki obukhulu ngeke egeleza eziningi kwesokudla. Futhi ngenxa yalesi senzakalo kungaholela zokugwema ukuphuka.

Qaphela ukuthi imoto kanye Ukushisa okweqile bafake kuyalimaza kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphila inkonzo injini futhi wonke imoto izingxenye. Ukuze kulungele imoto kahle, kubalulekile ukuletha ngosizo kokungenzi lutho ketshezi lokushisa kufika ku-50 degrees Celsius. Ngemva kwalokho, ungakwazi ngokuphepha uqale ukunyakaza, esingeqile 2500 linemibhikisho. Ngemva amalahle nowoyela ezingeni ukusebenza igesi kungenziwa wanezela.

Ukwanelisa lezi izimo, kungenzeka ukuba silondoloze ubuqotho hhayi kuphela injini kodwa ibhajethi yakho. Uma injini enqaba ukuqala ke kufanele usebenzise okufakiwe yasungulwa ngokukhethekile. Ngenxa Ukwakheka kwabo bengakwenzi paraffins. Basuke ungeze hhayi nje njengomuntu okufakiwe ahlukene, kodwa ngokuhlanganyela fuel abagcina ngezabelo elilungile.