Uyini kokungenela futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani umsebenzi?

Igama elithi "kokungenela" ayenomkhuba beqonda omubi, njengoba ukuzimisela ukuphazamiseka lamazwe angangeni ezindabeni zangaphakathi zanoma yiliphi izwe. Nokho, phakathi nalo mbono kanye ubudlova evamile, kukhona ezinye umehluko, kungenjalo kungani Libizwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene ngokuthi into efanayo? Ngakho, liyini kokungenela futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani umsebenzi?

Ngo-1918, inhlangano wezwe samasosha zezombusazwe "Allies" - UK, USA neFrance - wathumela amasosha izifunda eziningana ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire usizo lempi kubahlanganyeli kulwiwa, ababemelene amaBolshevik. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngesicelo urhulumende lo, ngaleso sikhathi labo ababengobhululu eMpini Yezwe I kubhekwe ukuthi bafanelekile. Yiqiniso, emazweni Entente, echaza isidingo ukungenela ezempi kusho ka negunya elingokomthetho, ungakhohlwa mayelana siqu izithakazelo lesifunda sabo, efuna Bezama ukusabalalisa ithonya labo geopolitical. Izizathu ukungenela 1918-1920 sasihlanganisa umzamo hhayi kuphela yokuvimbela ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, kodwa futhi ukuze uthole ezinye izinzuzo, ikakhulukazi kwezomnotho.

ESoviet Union kuphinde ngokuphindaphindiwe labetibambile inqubomgomo lempi kokungenela ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe engumakhelwane namazwe ngezinye izikhathi ezikude. Lokhu kwakwenziwa cishe njalo nesimo esifanayo: zangaphambi ukudala uhulumeni lamakhomanisi, okothi bafeze imisebenzi yabo a unama emva igunya elimiswe ngokufanele ugumbuqelwa umbuso noma ukuhlaselwa yimpi oqondile.

Kuyini ukungenela Soviet-isitayela? Lokhu kokunqotshwa kwavukelwa anti-zamaKhomanisi eHungary ngo-1956, ukucindezelwa we "ePrague Spring" ngo-1968. Hhayi ngempela ngempumelelo yaphela "umkhankaso wenkululeko" eFinland ebusika 1939-40, futhi uzilungiselele kusenesikhathi Otto Kuusinena uhulumeni wasala ngaphandle umsebenzi.

Ayethelekela esigodlweni Amin ngo-1979 ukunika isithombe sasivumela ephelele yini kokungenela esikhathini zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ngasekupheleni. Precision ngokugcina olwenziwa operation lempi ngokuhamba okwakukhona ukuqedela umsebenzi, okungukuthi, ukuqedwa ngokomzimba zekhanda engadingeki isimo kwaso indawo othembekile ezibiyele Babrak Karmal.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Charter UN liyakulahla zonke izinhlobo kokungenela, yokwamukela isetshenziswa cishe zonke zithi efuna ukuqinisa ukuma kwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuze uzohlala emandleni imibuso adala izintandokazi kwezomnotho emazweni ukhathazekile ukusebenzisa amabutho ahlomile kanye nosizo lempi. Ngo-1989, ingxenye US Army yahlasela ePanama, lapho kukhona usongo ngempela izithakazelo US. uhulumeni Noriega sika lanqotshwa, waboshwa, ngamanye amazwi, intando yeningi kubuyiselwa.

Iqiniso lokuthi sokungenela ngendlela American, is kahle zikhunjulwe eVietnam. Injongo empini eyathatha iminyaka engu-11, wayengekho kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni kuleli zwe, futhi ukusungula kuwo abaqotho US ukulawula imodi.

Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwakukhona izibonelo eziningi kanjani izwe ngalinye, okuyinto babé yinto impi enkundleni yezemidlalo ukuze kube izithakazelo geopolitical, ukuphikisa ukungenela ezempi zenzeka. amaqembu alwayo wathola usizo ngendlela izingalo zosizo, abeluleki, ivamile ukusithatha (unofficially) abathintekayo empini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukungenelela oqondile webutho lezempi.

Ngokuvamile, kokungenela kungenziwa ngokuthi noma ikuphi ukubandakanyeka amabutho angaphandle ezindabeni zangaphakathi of lelitimele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo inqubomgomo angaphandle. Ngeshwa, kusobala ukuthi izenzo ezinjena ziwuphawu esakazwa ngekhulu xxi.