KumiswaIsayensi

Uyini linganisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela-ke ukhona?

Nombono wokuthi "uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli" laqanjwa kudala. Ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa aziwayo molecule ngombandela okungenakufa organic okuyizinto ngesisekelo bukhoma. Kungenjalo nomqondo igobolondo ophilayo Zomhlaba unikeza sokuma Austrian Eduard Suess ngo-1875. Muhle encwadini yakhe "The Origin of-Alps" kuphendula umbuzo lokho uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ngokubona kwakhe, kuba igobolondo ezimele Zomhlaba, obadalwa ngu eziphilayo. Lenchazelo isekelwa ososayensi abaningi - njengabantu besikhathi E. Suess nesethu.

Kamuva ngo-1926, i-V I. Vernadsky sigcwalisa umqondo. Kuyini i-Jikelele Lwamakheli ngokuvumelana nezimfundiso VI Vernadsky? Usosayensi encwadini yakhe uthi isikhumba ophilayo Zomhlaba ezakha hhayi kuphela umzimba, kodwa futhi indawo yabo., T. E. Liyanezela kwencazelo E. Suess ingxenye biogeochemical. Nokho, akubona bonke ososayensi zisekela umbono VI Vernadsky. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi kukhona ezimbili ngokulinganayo definition "uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli": ngu Suess (ukuqonda ewumngcingo) kanye Vernadsky (ukuqonda okubanzi).

Ngokusho izimfundiso Vernadsky, igobolondo ophilayo isekelwa amandla elanga futhi kunemingcele. uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; imingcele zizofana imingcele lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngakho, mkhawulo kuyinto endaweni engamamitha 15-20 km (lonke iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva futhi Stratosphere ephansi); ephansi olwandle umbukwane ocean Trench ekujuleni okwedlula 10 km kanti kugcwele umhlaba ube 3 km ukujula. Ezenye zhiznideyatelnosti eziphilayo zibonakala ngesimo rocks sedimentary futhi ngesikhathi ukujula. Ingxenye esele okuvela kuyo le igobolondo Zomhlaba, lapho kungekho khona ukuphila, kanye emkhathini enzelwe igobolondo bukhoma imvelo yeplanethi yethu.

Ngakho uyini Biosphere ngomqondo wesimanje, futhi ngaziphi izindlela ke zikhona? Kususelwa izimfundiso E. Suess futhi Vernadsky, banikezwe zatholwa, singasho ukuthi "Life Ball" - kuyinto imvelo evulekile thermodynamic Zomhlaba, "umsebenzi" owenziwa yi-ukuxhumana lokuphila (biotic) futhi non-eziphilayo (abiotic) izingxenye. Isakhiwo sale wemboni kuhlanganisa zonke izinto eziphilayo futhi izinsalela zabo, lomoya, amanzi kanye igobolondo emhlabeni okuqinile, asebenyukile ugcwale eziphilayo futhi ushintsho ngaphansi kwethonya umsebenzi wabo.

Ukuze alondoloze ukusebenza kule igobolondo Zomhlaba kufanele abe izakhiwo ezithile ezisiza ukuba khona.

I izakhiwo eziyinhloko we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli:

  1. I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba - ndaba ophilayo.
  2. Ukuvuleleka: idinga amandla ukuthi uvela ngaphandle - amandla elanga.
  3. Ukuzithiba (homeostasis): kube akwazi ukubuyela esimweni saso sokuqala, usebenzisa ezinye indlela. Ngokwesibonelo, isibalo sabantu inhlabathi eziphilayo futhi revegetation ngemva ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngazo zonke impahla zingase zingasebenzi ngenxa Ukungenela komuntu ngokwemvelo (the agrocenoses indalo, t. E. simiso semvelo yokufakelwa ukuthi abanalo ikhono lokukhulumisana alulame bebodwa).
  4. A ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo, iqinisekisa kungapheli kwato.
  5. I wamabhayisikili ka ndaba.

Efingqa futhi umbuzo, uyini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, singasho ukuthi lena ekhethekile, igobolondo bukhoma Zomhlaba, isimo semvelo somhlaba wonke ukuthi kunemingcele, futhi izakhiwo ezithile ezisiza ukuba khona.

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