Podkopaev, MI inhlangano lefundo Izici Voice

MI Podkopaev

Voronezh State Academy of Arts

inhlangano System Izici Voice

(Podkopaev, MI System inhlangano umsebenzi vocal // Imibuzo Ezemfundo vocal: ImiKhombandlela abafundisi nezikhungo ekhethekile ephakeme kanye yesibili zemfundo eMoscow - Petersburg, 2003. - S. 80 - 88).

Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka futhi amazing imvelo endowed yomuntu inkulumo ezwakalayo, ngokukhethekile, njengoba injalo ezikhethekile - ukucula noma inkulumo vocal (igama elalisetshenziselwa lapho lomkhuba ukucula kubhekwa ngokombono zomzimba noma umsindo).

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umsebenzi izwi, ukwakha ingxenye umsindo inkulumo vocal, ayinakho yokwakheka ethize isitho izinhlelo, okuyinto ngomqondo esiqinile yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi izinhlaka phonation. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi umuntu isebenzisa isimiso sokuphefumula, ama nokugwinya, okungukuthi, Iziphathimandla ekuqaleni senzelwe kuqala futhi ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe ukubaluleka begazi umsebenzi; phonation bakhonza uma ngengozi. Inhlanganisela yalawo emizimbeni isikhathi eside okuthiwa ama-apharathasi vocal. Kugcine ukuze oculayo akuyona kuphela ithuluzi womsebenzi wayo professional, kodwa futhi into eqondile ithonya Pedagogical enqubeni ukuqeqeshwa vocal. Namuhla ambalwa aphikisane mqondo wokuthi ulwazi izimiso eziyisisekelo ezihleli imisebenzi apharathasi vocal, ingenye izimo ezidingekile umsebenzi ngempumelelo indalo yayo. A.Varlamov namanje "School of Ukucula" yayo (1840) wabhala: "Ukuze ufike esikhumulweni ukuqeqeshwa ukucula hhayi ngokungazi, kumelwe ukusekela olwazini olunembile kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye indlela lamaqembu ukudweba imithetho eyisisekelo zomzimba namanje izidumbu."

Ngokuvamile, imibono yokwakheka bokuphila kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita vocal, abahlabeleli, abafundi ukuthola njengengxenye umjikelezo Pedagogical eyala eziyisisekelo - inkambo amasu vocal. In the hlelo isikhathi esifushane eyabelwe, abafundi kumele yamukele iphinde isebenze sokwetshisa eziningi ubufakazi kusukela anatomy, izitho zomzimba, umsindo futhi uthole umbono wokuthi isakhiwo kanye amaphethini umsebenzi apharathasi vocal. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhwalithi yale ulwazi kumele uhambisane izimpokophelo kumiswa nochwepheshe abafundile abafanelekayo, ikakhulukazi uma umculi uxhuma ibhola lakhe ne pedagogy. Ngokokulandisa, isifundo kulesi sigaba lwezifundo yakhiwe ngokombono classical (isitho) izitho zomzimba, sithembele indlela kwesakhiwo kohlaziyo. Nge isikhundla salo umzimba womuntu besilokhu ibhekwa njengevela iqoqo imizimba ehlukahlukene, kwemizwa ehlanganisiwe humoral (hormone) umthethonqubo. Noma iziphi izincwadi komzimba, izitho zomzimba, njll eyakhelwe isimiso isitho, futhi zihlanganisa izingxenye ku ngabanye izinhlelo yokwakheka - okungukuthi, senhliziyo, zokuphefumula, kwemisipha, endocrine, njll Ukulandela lesi ukufana, kusukela ngesikhathi M.Garsia apharathasi vocal ubhekwa aqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: "generator" umsindo - laryngeal uthayi-emuva (elalinembobo) we - we pharynx, ngalo ingaphakathi acinene kuya sinuses paranasal, "amandla" zedivayisi - uqhoqhoqho bronchi, amaphaphu , imisipha zokuphefumula, ukuhambisana izitho - umlomo. ulimi, amazinyo, izindebe, kanzima nolwanga esithambile. Kulokhu, lithi "zonke izingxenye nemisebenzi yenhlangano kuhlobene futhi kulawulwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko" (ecashunwe kuyi. Dmitriev LB, Telelyaeva LM, SL, njll Taptapova phoniatrics futhi fonopediya .. - M. 1990 P.20) .. Kodwa lokho esihlanganisa lezi zindikimba akudingeki ngokucacile phonational futhi okuqondene izinhlelo ezahlukene yokwakheka, okuhlangene enhlanganweni, iziphi izindlela ukuhlangana nabantu abanjalo futhi ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokusebenza apharathasi vocal? Organic takhi indlela izimpendulo zale mibuzo asipheli. Kulo mongo, isicelo le ndlela ekutadisheni izwi (vocal) umsebenzi lilinganiselwe futhi ngandlela-thile lingahambisani ngesizathu ezihlobene kulesi simo wanciphisa kumiswa abafundi nekwetfula inhlangano lovumelanako apharathasi vocal.

A ngokuyinhloko entsha yokusondela ukuqonda imisebenzi bokuphila ongoti kwezempilo abathi zihlobene indlela letindzala, njengoba eminyakeni yamuva, okwandile asetshenziswe indlela yesayensi. I physiology indlela ehlelekile esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinhlelo sokusebenza (ku TPS) ithuthukiswe osafunda IP Pavlová - Academician PK Anokhin futhi wathola ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje emisebenzini kakade umfundi wakhe - Academician KV Sudakova.

Njengoba ukuhlola Pedagogical emnyangweni vocal we Voronezh State Academy of Arts ngumlobi yalo msebenzi kwazanywa ukwethula tincenye TPS njengesisekelo methodological lokufundisa amasu vocal nangokucacile njengoba kusondela uhlelo. Umgomo oyinhloko kulo msebenzi wawumkhulu ukufundisa umfundi ikhono lokusungula, esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okuyizinto ezibalulekile ohlelweni lwezezimali.

Kuleli phephandaba thina umphumela ngokwethu ukuze ezichaza Imibandela isipiliyoni nokusebenzisa amalungiselelo kuqala kohlelo TPS ekutadisheni izimiso yenhlangano kwezwi (vocal) umsebenzi indoda.

Esikhundleni zomzimba classical kwezitho, kulandela izimiso ukwakheka komzimba womuntu), TPS umemezela letindzala inhlangano imisebenzi. PKAnohin lokuqala yagxila iqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo eziphilayo, hhayi nje uhlele izici ngamunye equkethwe kuwo, futhi sihlanganise nabo ukuze bathole eminye imiphumela obuphathekayo imisebenzi, okungukuthi ukuba afeze imisebenzi ethile ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama sokusebenza. Ngokusho Anokhin, uhlelo physiology iqoqo emizimbeni ezihlobene umsebenzi othize. Ngakho, umphumela imisebenzi yokuhlela uhlelo ihlanganisa izingxenye ngabanye ibe wonke, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhola umgogodla isici. Kuyinto kuzuzwe umphumela othile wanezela izinhlelo sokusebenza (FS).

umsebenzi Voice, njengazo zonke ezinye imisebenzi womuntu, kusekelwe inhlangano letindzala. Isikhundla kokuqala nokuchazwa inhlangano letindzala imisebenzi yezwi sasebenzisa Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo TPS. Ukuba ezehlela bonke isistimu yamafayela yomzimba, zingabantu ejwayelekile FS phonation futhi inkulumo vocal. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo TPS kunciphisa okulandelayo. Inhlangano yazo zonke umzimba FS has uhlobo olufanayo isakhiwo, okuyinto ejwayelekile FS phonation. Lesi sakhiwo kuhlanganisa engeyokuqala emaphakathi futhi izingxenye neuropathy amalungiselelo:

Y Ngenxa yomsebenzi njengoba ehola FS isixhumanisi ( "ikhadi" yayo) - okuthile okwadala FS;

Y izakhiwo iyunithi-kokuthola (nemingcele) ngemiphumela azuzwe womsebenzi - receptor Imiphumela;

Y iziteshi impendulo adlulisa ulwazi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko mayelana umphumela isenzo kanye nemingcele lokhu yalokho, okuyinto eyenza umzimba sisonke ukuhlola degree of impumelelo kanye nekhwalithi wezenzo zawo;

Y emaphakathi isixhumanisi FS, ukuvumela ukusebenza kwawo ehlelekile futhi imele inhlangano izakhi amazinga ehlukene isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;

Y FS izindlela esiphezulu.

Umphumela kokuqala umsebenzi njengoba isici okuyinto FS phonation futhi inkulumo vocal Ukwakheka kwezitho indlela izwi isignali acoustic, okuyinto iyisisekelo kakade kuphele ukusebenza - ngabanye ukucula ithoni phonemes sung ligama, libintana. Njengoba prefinite, futhi imisebenzi FS umphumela ube nenamba lokwehlukile ezimele, okungukuthi, kukhona mnogoparametrichnymi. Ezinye zazo zinokwaziswa mayelana isakhiwo izwi acoustic (nemingcele acoustic) - ukuphakama, namandla Ukwakheka Spectral (khona noma ukungabi khona komuntu formant ukucula okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye / noma kuphasi, njll). Okunye imingcele zihlanganisa ulwazi mayelana lwemisindvo isakhiwo nomsindo - artikulyayurnye (noma kinesthetic) imingcele. Kokuba nokuhlobene kakhulu nemingcele acoustic, lo somabhizinisi uvumele ukuhlukanisa futhi uchaze indawo kanye indlela imfundo umsindo, okusho sokunquma izici yokubiza of onkamisa nongwaqa.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi umphumela nemingcele azigcini nje phakathi izwi kanye ukucula ngezwi, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi izinhlobo ezehlukene vocal - ukucula zezemfundo, pop ukucula, abantu ukucula, njll Zonke imingcele zinqunywa umphumela imisebenzi izinqubo bokuphila biophysical ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impumelelo yayo, okuyilezi: 1) phonation, esinikela isizukulwane izwi futhi isakhiwo yayo ehambisana acoustic, futhi 2) ukuhambisana, leniketa ngemfundvo futhi inkulumo ngokuchaza umsindo lwemisindvo isakhiwo umsindo. Ngakho ihlelwe subsystems futhi ezimbili ukusebenza - FS FS phonation futhi ukuhambisana.

Ngakho kukhona ukugqugquzela abakhethayo kwezitho ahlukahlukene nezicubu, okungokwendlela izinhlelo ezahlukene yokwakheka e FS efanele. Ukufakwa kwezitho ahlukahlukene, okuyinto ndawonye abizwa ngokuthi ama-apharathasi vocal, a FS vocal kusekelwe isimiso abakhethayo ngokuhlanganisa e ahlukahlukene izitho FS. Kulokhu, umzimba ofanayo liphethwe FS amaningi, ngaphezu, ezihlukahlukene PS noma PS eyodwa subsystem (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-izwi FS) ukufezekisa izinhloso zingasebenzisa iziphathimandla ehlukile noma okufanayo. Kule ndaba, yiluphi uhlaka apharathasi vocal ehilelekile eziningi imisebenzi ehambisana ne-phonation, futhi ngalo mqondo kuyinto Amatebhe. Kuye isiqondiso lapho FS noma subsystem kuhlanganisa uhlaka apharathasi vocal, kuso zinezidingo ezehlukene, kodwa ukubaluleka yokuzuza kuphela lezo zakhiwo okuyinto ukuthi kuziveza uku FS.

Kule ngombono, omunye futhi umzimba ofanayo ezahlukene FS inkulumo vocal ozuza anezakhi ezikhethekile ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi zifakwe FS zvukogeneratsii yenze eminye imisebenzi, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne kuqhoqhoqho efanayo futhi bronchi kufakwe FS kwezimila phonational. Noma emphethweni vocal show ezahlukene ngokuphelele impahla yayo obusebenzayo, kufakwe, isibonelo, uhlelo ifayela ukuhambisana, lapho babonisa fonemoobrazuyuschaya umsebenzi, noma FS zvukogeneratsii, lapho bekhonza khona njengoba umthombo wamandla acoustic. Ngokufanayo, imisipha zokuphefumula bayingxenye FS okwehlukile ehambisana phonation, okungukuthi, FS umoya phonational enza umsebenzi womoya kanye FS ukuhambisana izindlela ehilelekile ukunqamula igama.

FS phonation ngokukhetha kuhlanganisa kwemizwa kanye namazinga isiqondiso hormone. ngaleyo ndlela kwakamuva presents "ilungiselelo" esiyingqayizivele, ngokukhetha ehlanganisa yegilo endocrine, gonads nezindlala adrenal. indlela Nervous ethulwa ukufakwa abakhethayo Izinzwa izikhungo ezehlukene.

isici ngasinye ngokukhetha kufakwe phonation FS. ukuba sizihlanganise namanye izakhi kohlelo, ngenkuthalo esivivaneni ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela umphumela sokugcina FS yayo. Okunjalo nokuxhumana FS izinto e TFS owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi vzaimosodeystviya (PKAnohin). Vzaimosodeystviya izingxenye olunikezwa khona izibopho nutrisistemnyh futhi ngokwalo ichaza vzaimosodeystviya icubungula isiqondiso uhlelo.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo ifayela, kubandakanya uhlelo ifayela kwezwi, kuyinto uhlelo self-elawula. Ukuzithiba kule FS liqinisekiswa iyunithi elilawulayo, ukuhlola umphumela wokugcina. Kulesi apharathasi zibangelwa Bebona kwemigomo neuropathy kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa - receptor, ezifuywa e-apharathasi vocal, futhi distantly ezivela kuye. ukwaziswa okubhalwe mayelana yi izuzwe yokwamukela ipharamitha ingena ezifanele emsipheni izikhungo (cortex, isimiso semizwelo ukuhlinzeka ingxenye ngokomzwelo yokukhuluma nokuhlabelela, izikhungo of medulla oblongata). Ngokolwazi eyamukelwe ngokukhetha e ukubandakanyeka FS kwezwi kanye inkulumo vocal amaphethini amazinga ehlukene isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko for yekwatisa esiphezulu kwezitho izinhlelo (Ukuphendula ama-apharathasi). Ngu ubunjalo ulwazi etholwe isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko we vocal ipheshana receptor ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo okungenani ezinhlanu ukuzwela: sokuzwa, vibratory (kokuba, njengoba kukhonjisiwe V.P.Morozovym, nemvelo resonant), imisipha, womoya (umfutho womoya kubangelwe indlela resonance, futhi umsebenzi imisipha zokuphefumula), ezibukwayo. Isiphetho siwukuthi, zinikeza isethi ezithile ukucula emizweni nemibono ngokusebenza engaphakathi apharathasi vocal, noma njengoba besho kwakhiwa, is ngokufanele emqondweni kohlelo umculi sika lamaqembu komzimba - ngabanye yangaphakathi emizweni uhlelo ukuthi kwenzeka uma ukucula phonation. Ngosizo umculi zonke mzuzu ukulawula kweqembu lakhe umsindo. Kanjani ncamashi enginakho R.Yusson. "Njalo uhlobo amasu vocal edonsa ethize wesifunda vocal-yezinto, khona nakho kuzole ubuchwepheshe" (3. k. 109).

Ngakho, uhlelo abathola kuyinto umshini izwi (okubizwa ngokuthi "analyzer vocal" umculi) isebenza umsebenzi wokukatelelwa zokulawula. Kulokhu, FS phonation futhi inkulumo vocal uhola isiteshi impendulo: zingabantu, njengoba kuboniswe V.P.Morozova, becula ubuchwepheshe resonance yisiteshi isixwayisi ethwala ulwazi ngekhodi mayelana nomsebenzi we resonators vocal kukhona okungenani kungenzeka uhlushwa ukugqiba umphumela amathonya zangaphandle (izimo ukusebenza acoustic, njll).

Lobalulekile loniketwa ka TFS kokuba Siwusizo pedagogy vocal kuyinto umbuzo mayelana nokuba khona ukulawula FS iyunithi. Lapha kubalulekile ukuba olandelayo. I-FS phonation e yayo umnyango central - ubuchopho has a corticosubcortical eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinzwa izakhiwo ezimele umshini ukuqagela ( "ukumodeliswa phambili") kanye nokuhlola yi izuzwe. Le yunithi ( "acceptor umphumela isenzo" ngu Anokhin), "ilindele" sezindawo yokugcina yalokho, inquma abheke ukuthi kungenzeka futhi ukuphumelela Ukukhetha uhlelo okuhloswe ukufeza umphumela ekupheleni, futhi ithumela ukuziphatha lomuntu ngokusebenzisa ukuqhathanisa unomphela ngokufaka isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko iziteshi ulwazi impendulo mayelana kwemigomo yi izuzwe. Lwenza uhlobo "isithombe" kwelitshe, lapho umculi elihlobene ne esiphezulu resonators umsebenzi futhi impendulo isiteshi, khomba lo msebenzi - vibration (elalinembobo) emizweni (Morozov, 2002, 2008). A indima eyinhloko kwetinhlavu apharathasi ekugwemeni izingozi kusengaphambili kanye nokuhlola umphumela wokugcina inebanga ejwayelekile vocalist ukucula imisindo ku ukuxhumana vocal-Pedagogical we uthisha nomfundi. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ku kwandzisa lwati kudivayisi ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili abhaleke ngendlela efanele ekufundeni vocal uthisha imfundo ngamazwi okuhloswe ngazo ukwakha resonant ukucula amasu kanye nokuba khona ugqozi uzwakalise avela kuye lo oculayo ku ahlule kuyinto resonant ukucula amasu olunikezwa art samanje ukucula.

ukunakwa okuningi ekutadisheni FS architectonic inkulumo vocal ikhokhelwa izindlela esiphethe izwi, emelela iqoqo izipikha izinqubo bokuphila, enqophe ultimate FS Imiphumela nokuqinisekisa izimfanelo ezidingekayo professional ukucula ngezwi elihambisana kwemigomo zezemfundo ejwayelekile vocal. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni we actuators kukhona izifundo eliyisisekelo R.Yussona, Fanta, Sundberg. L.B.Dmitrieva. Indawo ekhethekile kule ndawo kuyisayensi yayo kanye theory futhi ukubaluleka esisebenzayo imisebenzi ababulawa ososayensi yasekhaya - oprofesa V.N.Sorokinym V.P.Morozovym kabani imibono ehlanganiswe kubo athuthukile imibono - theory yokukhuluma (V.N.Sorokin, 1985) kanye resonant ukucula imfundiso yokuziphendukela art (The .P.Morozov, 2002, 2008). umkhuba wokugcina angu-abacula lamaqembu vocal-Pedagogical kubaluleke kakhulu. Resonance imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukucula kanye imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinhlelo sokusebenza isinyathelo esinqala sokushintsha Imibono mayelana ubunjalo actuators nemisebenzi apharathasi vocal.

I actuators main ukuhlinzeka inkulumo vocal, kukhona phonation futhi ukuhambisana okuyinto ebekelwa FS abafanele. Ngakho, lezi zinhlelo zibandakanya ukubunjwa awo ngendlela asuswa neuropathy esiphezulu izingxenye, kodwa amazinga ehlukene yokulawulwa emaphakathi. isisekelo Biophysical kunazo zonke actuators kohlelo izwi-resonance indlela. Lokho impendulo kuyinto elihlanganisa phonation futhi ukuhambisana kuyinto isisekelo zvukogeneratsii, futhi ngokusebenzisa ushintsho operation izindlela futhi resonators acoustic ungaphakathi tune ukulawula indlela futhi isimo isiqondiso irejista amalaka futhi ahlobene tembroobrazovaniya izindlela. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa khona kule resonance endleleni FS phonation mkhakha okhethekile impendulo phakathi resonators kanye nemithombo kunyakaza acoustic kokuba isikhulumi (resonant) imvelo.

Lombono acoustic ikuvumela ukuvula izindlela ayisivikelo amalaka (umsebenzi ayisivikelo resonators Morozov), kanye umsebenzi wayo ube lula, kunciphisa ukungezwani ngokweqile kwemisipha laryngeal (lo msebenzi resonators singachazwa ngokuthi umsebenzi umsizi wosizo English -. Siza, usizo).

Isici esiphawulekayo apharathasi vocal okuyinkambiso nhlangano khona phambili futhi emuva Ukuxhumana phakathi izingxenye esiphezulu ohlelweni (amalaka, izimbobo emazinyweni, umoya) imvelo latinhlobonhlobo (acoustic, womoya, Neuro-reflex) (Morozov. 2002, 2008). Ukuba khona phambili futhi emuva ukuxhumana kokubili zibheka (phakathi ukuphathwa emaphakathi nokulawula neyokuphatha izingxenye) kanye nendawo (phakathi amalungu uhlelo isekelwe esimisweni vzaimosodeystviya tincenye ehhovisi esiphezulu - amalaka, elalinembobo zokuphefumula) inquma umsebenzi we FS kwezwi futhi inkulumo vocal njengoba isimiso Integrative. Noma yimuphi, kubandakanya umthelela Pedagogical ke usabela sisonke kanye nomthelela kunoma iyiphi yezingxenye zayo ngokushesha kubonakala kwezinye. (Morozov, 2002, 2008)

isiphetho

1. umsebenzi Voice kanye ehlobene eduze inkulumo vocal (ukucula), kanye nazo zonke ezinye imisebenzi yomuntu, unenhlangano uhlelo kuwumphumela ukuphela umsebenzi ezikhethekile obusebenzayo phonation uhlelo, okuyinto eyindilinga, inhlangano self eziqondisayo, ngokukhetha ngokuhlanganisa izinhlaka ezehlukene kanye namazinga wesi sezinzwa futhi humoral ukufinyelela yi yayo yokugcina - kumiswa vocal inkulumo umsindo ingxenye - izwi, inkulumo vocal njengamayunithi ahlelekileko ifonotiki amafomu ation ukusebenza kahle ukucula phonation, nemingcele ezifanele ejwayelekile vocal bezemfundo (noma ezinye izinhlobo vocal) nokunikeza professional izinga ukucula ngezwi.

2. FS vocal bungabonakala subsystems kuqhathaniswa ezimele kodwa esihlobene, okuyizinto Izingxenye ezisemqoka esiphezulu effector izindlela yokukhuluma vocal - ukulethwa 'wesimo "yomsindo - imithombo uzibona kunyakaza acoustic, zvukogeneratsii, ukuhambisana. Nge indlela uhlelo, ukukhanya refracted ku resonant ukucula theory iba ngezigaba engalungile amalaka kuya "generator" uhlelo (umnyango) we-apharathasi vocal. Lesi sakamuva kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi wonke elalinembobo ipheshana ipheshana lamaqembu amalaka iyona kuphela omunye amandla acoustic ngenxa komoya ukushintshashintsha kwezwi isixwayisi emphethweni vocal.

3. kudivayisi Voice - kungcono nje into FS elinikeza isiGungu (effector) iyunithi ohlelweni.

4. Isimiso jikelele we FS zomzimba, kanye nolwazi lwabo lwezinkanyezi ababezinikele kwesakhiwo sonkana kanye izakhiwo uhlobo "ukhiye" ukuze kwakhiwe i-FS kwezwi futhi inkulumo vocal, yokugcwalisa architectonic lokhu FS futhi subsystems wokuqukethwe efanele.

5. Isicelo izimiso inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela izinhlelo sokusebenza ekuhloleni amaphethini umsebenzi amaculo indlela Yiqiniso, njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa abafundi 'izinhlelo ukucabanga kanye ubuchule obuphezulu ezithile ekwakhiweni umsebenzi ngokwengqondo, kanye nohlobo eyisisekelo ukwakheka imibono yesimanje mayelana nemisebenzi kwalesi simiso izwi futhi inkulumo vocal sisonke ezisebenza ihlanganiswe.

izincwadi

1. Phoniatrics futhi fonopediya / Dmitriev LB, LM Telelyaeva, Taptapova SL, Ermakova II - M., Medicine, 1990.
2. Morozov VP UnguBaba ukucula resonant. Kubaluleka resonance theory kanye imiklamo. - M., 2002 (2nd ed -. M., 2008).
3. VN Sorokin Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukukhiqizwa inkulumo. - I-Moscow, 1985.
4. Yusson R. ukucula ngezwi. - I-Moscow, 1974.